InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue6,December2013

doi:10.14355/ijes.2013.0306.03

www.ijesci.org

ACriticalReviewonEnhancementinSystem
PerformanceofFlatPlateHybridPV/TSolar
CollectorSystem
V.N.Palaskar1,S.P.Deshmukh2
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,VeermataJijabaiTechnologicalInstitute,Mumbai,India
DepartmentofGeneralEngineering,InstituteofChemicalTechnology(DeemedUniversity),Mumbai,India

1
2

Abstract
The combined efficiency i.e. electrical and thermal of a
simpleflatplatesolarhybridPV/Twater/aircollectorsystem
islow.Thereforeabovesystemsarecommerciallynotviable
till date. To make these systems commercially viable,
development in the system configurations can be done by
modifyingPVabsorbershape,size&materials,andalsoby
attaching various types of diffuse reflectors or flat
concentrators to the sides of commercial PV module. PV
absorbersurfacedesignwithvariousconfigurationssuchas
simpleopenairchannel,singlepasswithrectangulartunnel,
spiralflowabsorbercollector,thinmetallicsheetsuspended
at the middle of air channel, fins at the back wall of an air
duct etc., are used in a simple flat plate solar hybrid PV/T
water/air collector systems to enhance its system
performanceatonesunconcentrationandabove.
ThisarticlereviewsasimpleflatplatehybridPV/Twater/air
collector systems with and without PV absorber surface
design with various configurations as discussed above.
Finally effect of attaching a flat concentrators or diffuse
reflectorswithunglazedandglazedsurfaceonperformance
ofthesesystemsisalsodiscussedandanalyzed.
Keywords
Hybrid Solar System; Photovoltaic/ Thermal Collector; Flat
Concentrators;DiffusesReflectors

Introduction
An absorbed solar radiation by PV module results in
generationofelectricityanditsheating.CoolingofPV
modules improves its electrical efficiency at a
reasonable level. The natural or forced air circulation
isasimpleandlowcostmethodtoremovewasteheat
from back side of commercial PV module. But this
method is less effective if ambient air temperature is
over 20 0C. The water heat extraction is more
expensivethanairheatextraction,butitisusedforthe
above application, as the water temperature from
mains is normally under 20 0C throughout the year.
The usual mode of PV cooling is by circulation of
water through a heat exchanger or PV absorber

surfaceattatchinthermalcontactwithPVmoduleon
rear surface. In a simple flat plate solar hybrid PV/T
water/aircollectorsystems,thePVpanelsandthermal
units are mounted together and the systems can
simultaneouslyconvertsolarradiationintoelectricity
andthermalenergy.ThehybridPV/Tsystemsprovide
a higher energy output than standard PV panels and
could be the cost effective in near future if the
additionalcostofthethermalcomponentislow.
An extension of the HottelWhiller model had been
usedfortheanalysisofhybridPV/Tcollectorsystems
for both thermal and electrical performance of a
combined collector systems as a function of collector
design parameters (Florschuetz LW 1979). A hybrid
PV/T collector system consists of a PV panel which
wasplacedonathermalcollectorwithagapbetween
themhadbeenusedtoachieveaneffectivePVcooling
with increament in electrical efficiency (T. Takashima
etal.1994).AhybridPV/Tcollectorsystemwithlow,
mediumorhighconcentrationreflectorswasattached
with the above modified system (AlBaali 1986).
Becauseofthismodification,theelectricalandthermal
output of a hybrid PV/T collector system was found
increasedsignificantly.
The effect ofplane booster reflector had been studied
forsolarairheaterswithsolarcellswereusedforsolar
drying applications (H.P. Garg 1991). A new type of
PV/T collector system with dual heat extraction
operationeitherwateroraircirculationwasstudied(Y.
Tripanagnostopoulosetal.2001).TheabovedualPV/T
collector system had been combined with booster
diffuse reflectors, achieving a significant increase in
outputofelectricalandthermalenergy.
The different experiments had been performed on
hybrid PV/T water collector system by attaching flat
AluminumconcentratorswithcommercialPVmodule
(Lj. Kostic et al. 2009). The final results showed that
electrical and thermal energy generated by hybrid

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ThreePV/Twatercollectorsystemshadbeendesigned
and their thermal performances had been compared
suchasdirectflowPV/T,ParallelflowPV/TandSplit
flowPV/Tsystems(KamaruzzamanSopianetal.).Out
ofthesethreePV/Tsystems,thesplitflowPV/Tdesign
had showed better thermal performance compared to
other two PV/T systems such as direct flow and
parallelflow.

PV/T water collector system with Aluminum sheet

concentratorswere8.6%and39%higherthanwithout
flat concentrator. Also final results had showed that
electrical and thermal energy generated by hybrid
PV/T water collector system with Aluminum foil
concentrators were 17.1% and 55% higher than that
withoutconcentrator.
A thin flat metallic sheet (TFMS) and Fins had been
attached in the air duct acting as a heat transfer
augmentations in air cooled hybrid PV/T collector
systemstoimproveitsoverallperformance(J.K.Tonui
and Y. Tripanagnostopoulos 2007). In these studies,
the steadystate thermal efficiencies of the modified
systemswerecomparedwiththoseoftypicalPV/Tair
collectorsystem.

System Performance of Flat Plate Hybrid

PV/T Solar Air Collector Systems
A Singlepass solar collector with open channel
absorber had been converted into a rectangle tunnel
absorbermodifiedhybridPV/Taircollectorsystemas
showninFig1and2(GohliJinetal.).Thedimensions
of these PV panel were taken 1.20 m x 0. 53 m;
produced 80W power. Total 39 tunnels of hollow
rectangular tubes were used to fabricate the PV
absorbersystem.ThesolarPV/Tcollectorsystemwas
tested by using 23 simulator halogen lamps. The
modified PV/T air collector system was tested with
and without rectangular tunnel to compare the final
performance results. The solar irradiances from
simulation lamps were set at 385.2 W/m2 and 817.4
W/m2respectively.Duringexperimentsthemassflow
ratesweresetfrom0.011kg/sto0.0754kg/s.

The various experiments were performed on hybrid

PV/T water collector systems with Unglazed and
glazed configurations (Y. Tripanagnostopoulos et al.).
The final results had showed that unglazed system
produces more electrical energy than thermal energy.
Whenstationarydiffusereflectorswereattachedwith
PV/Twatercollectorsystemwithunglazedandglazed
configurations,thenPV/Twatercollectorsystemwith
glazedandstationarydiffusereflectorshadproduced
more electrical and thermal energy compared to
unglazedandstationarydiffusereflectors.
A singlepass hybrid PV/T air collector system with
rectangular tunnel acting as a heat absorber surface
had been design and evaluated (Gohli jin et al.). The
final results showed that the system performance in
terms of electrical and thermal energy had been
increased as compared to singlepass hybrid PV/T
systemwithoutrectangulartunnelabsorber.

FIGURE1:SOLARPHOTOVOLTAICTHERMALAIR
COLLECTOR

An experimental study had been performed on PV/T

watercollectorsystembyusingaspiralflowabsorber
collector used for heat transfer augmentation from
backsideofmodule(AdnanIbrahimetal.).Finallythe
results of system performance of the photovoltaic,
thermal and combined photovoltaicthermal water
collector system over range of operating conditions
werediscussedandanalyzed.

Where: 1Blower, 2 Ducting, 3PV cell, 4Insulator, 5 Hot air out

fromcollector.

An experimental study had been performed on PV/T

water collector system cooled by a thin film of water
running over top surface of commercial PV panel (R.
Hosseini et al. 2011). The results showed that the
working temperature of the PV panel for combined
systemwaslowercomparedtotheconventionalpanel.
Thefinalresultsprovedthattheelectricalperformance
of the combined system was higher than the
conventionalone.

396

FIGURE2:SINGLEPASSSOLARCOLLECTORSYSTEM

The various experiments had been performed on

modified PV/T air collector system by varying the
solarirradiancesandmassflowrates.Thefinalresults
wereshowedthatthesurfacetemperatureofPVpanel
drops with increasing the mass flow rate of cool air
which flows through the rectangular tunnel system
(Fig3).

InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue6,December2013

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Three geometrical configurations of PV absorber

surface design had been considered such as open air
channelREF model, the modifiedTFMS model (thin
flatmetallicsheet)andFinmodelforhybridPV/Tair
collector systems (J.K. Tonui et al. 2007), as shown in
fig6. Three identical prototype test models were
constructed from three PcSi PV modules with
apertureareaof0.4m2andratedpowercapacityof46
W.

FIGURE3:COMPARISONOFPANELSTEMPERATURE

The electrical efficiency of hybrid PV/T air collector

systemhadbeenincreasedwiththemassflowrateas
shown in Fig4. The hybrid PV/T air collector system
with tunnel showed better electrical efficiency
comparedtocollectorsystemwithouttunnel.

FIGURE6:CROSSSECTIONALVIEWOFPV/TAIRCOLLECTOR
MODELS

Duringtheexperiments,combinationssuchasnatural
andforceairflowcirculationforREF,TFMSandFIN
models had been used at a time. For forced air flow
circulation experiments, the air circulation was
maintained by using air pump. For natural air flow
circulation experiments, the inlet and outlet vents
were left open to atmosphere for freeair flow
circulation.
Under forced flow air circulation the results showed
that, the Fin system yields high thermal efficiency of
30%; followed by TFMS with 28% and lastly the
typical with 25% for REF model respectively. Under
natural air flow circulation the final results obtained
that the Fin system yields high thermal efficiency of
20%; followed by TFMS with 18% and lastly 16% for
REFmodelrespectivelyatnoonday.

FIGURE4:ELECTRICALEFFICIENCYOFBOTHCOLLECTORS

The thermal efficiency of hybrid PV/T air collector

systemwithouttunnelhadreachedsteadystagewhen
the mass flow rate was 0.04 kg/s (Fig5). For collector
system with tunnel, thermal efficiency was reached
steady stage after mass flow rate of 0.07 kg/s. The
photovoltaic, thermal and combined photovoltaic/
thermalefficiencyof10.02%,54.70%,and64.72%had
been observed respectively after modification of
singlepassopenairchannelabsorberintoarectangle
airtunnelabsorbersurface.

System Performance of Flat Plate Hybrid

PV/T Solar Water Collector Systems
A special Spiral flow absorber collector had been
designedandtested(AdnanIbrahimetal.),asshown
in Fig.7. The rectangular hollow tubes of Spiral flow
absorber were made up from stainless steel. The
absorber collector as shown in Fig.7, consisting of a
single unilateral channel for the water to flow in it
whichwasfittedunderneaththestandardPVpanelof
80Wratingwithsizeof1mheight,0.65mlength.
Thespiralflowabsorbertubewasfabricatedwithone
inlet and outlet to allow water to enter and exit from
tube respectively. The inlet and outlet of spiral tube
had been arranged opposite to each other so that

FIGURE5:THERMALEFFICIENCYOFBOTHCOLLECTORS

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water to flow in reversed direction and covered the

entirePVpanelsurfaceareafromunderneath.

The hybrid PV/T water collector systems had been

constructed from two PcSi PV modules in
combination with water heat extraction device. The
twohybridPV/Twatercollectorsystemswereusedi.e.
PVT/Unglazed and PVT/Glazed. The two modified
hybridPV/Twatercollectorsystemshaddevelopedby
attachingdiffusereflectorsi.e.PVT/Unglazed+Refand
PVT/Glazed+Ref. During experiments with diffuse
reflectors, the PV/T water collector systems were
tested for different values of solar radiations to get
datafordifferentanglesbetweensystemsandsun.

FIGURE7:THEDESIGNOFSPIRALFLOWABSORBER
COLLECTOR

Thethermalandelectricalefficienciesofthesesystems
hadbeenusedtocalculatemonthlyandannualenergy
output by using experimental calculation. These
resultswerecomparedwiththeelectricalperformance
of the PV/T water collector systems and that of
standard PV modules of the same type in a typical
installationandwithdiffusereflectors.

The combined PV/T water collector system

performanceas65%hadbeenobtainedwithelectrical
efficiencyof12%atmassflowrateof0.041kg/s.
TwofundamentalhybridPV/Twatercollectorsystems
had been considered (Y. Tripanagnostopoulos et al.),
asshowninfig.8.

TABLE1ANNUALSYSTEMENERGYOUTPUTINkWh/m2Y

FIGURE8:CROSSSECTIONOFTHEPV/TEXPERIMENTAL
MODELS.

The stationary flat diffuse reflectors were attached

fromthehigherpartofthemodulesofonerowtothe
lowerpartofthemodulesofnextrowisshowninFig.
9. The above configuration increases the solar input
radiationonPVmodulesthroughouttheyear,results
increaseinelectricalandthermalenergyofthehybrid
PV/Twatercollectorsystems.

SYSTEM

Annul
Electrical
Energy
KWh/m2y

%Of
nput
energy

Annul
Thermal
Energy
KWh/m2y

%Of
input
energy

PV
MOUDLES

182.84

11.12

PV+REF
MOUDLES

217.53

13.23

PVT/UNGL
250C

178.43

10.85

537.87

32.70

PVT/UNGL
350C

166.17

10.10

217.13

13.20

PVT/UNGL
450C

161.19

9.80

35.79

2.18

PVT/UNGL
+REF250C

198.62

12.08

619.77

37.68

PVT/UNGL
+REF350C

186.02

11.31

275.53

16.75

PVT/UNGL
+REF450C

143.57

8.73

263.96

16.05

PVT/GL
250C

149.33

9.08

776.30

47.20

PVT/GL
350C

137.55

8.36

467.98

28.45

PVT/GL
450C

125.25

7.62

220.39

13.40

PVT/GL
+REF250C

167.98

10.21

831.75

50.57

PVT/GL
+REF350C

155.77

9.47

519.15

31.56

PVT/GL
+REF450C

143.57

8.73

263.96

16.05

TableIshowsfinalvaluesofannualenergyoutputfor
allsystemsoftheannualsolarinputonthePVplane.

FIGURE9:APV/TSYSTEMSWITHDIFFUSEREFLECTORS

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InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue6,December2013

These results had given an idea about the limitations

of practical use of PV/T systems, as the operation of
these systems in moderate (350C) or high (450C)
temperatures results to a considerable reduction in
electricalandthermalenergyrespectively.

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Alsothesolarradiationintensityhadaugmentedupto
65.6% byattachingAluminum foil concentrators with
PV/T collector system, in relation to without
concentrators. Because of this increment in solar
radiation intensity, the thermal and electrical energy
produce by PV/T water collector system had been
improvedby55%and17.10%respectively.

The different experiments had been performed on

PV/T water collector system with and without flat
plate concentrators attached to this system (Lj. Kostic
etal.2009).Toconducttheseexperiments,aprototype
of PV/T water collector system having dimensions of
1.37 x 0.72 m2 made of electrolytic alloy colored
anodizedaluminumboxhadbeendeveloped.

Experimental set up had been developed for two

similar but separate PV panels with each area of 0.44
m2 as shown in fig. 11(R. Hosseini et al. 2011). The
maximum output voltage and current were
respectively 23V, 2.61A, with power output of 60W.
The first panel was used as a combined PV/T system
with a film of water running over its top surface
without front glass and an additional fabricated
systemi.eheatexchangerwasattachedwithcombined
systemtoutilizetheheatgeneratedbythepanel.The
second panel was a conventional PV as a reference
panel.Bothpanelswerefacingsouthwithanangleof
inclinationof29.

The power output of solar mono crystalline silicon

modulewas110W.Theflatconcentratorsweremade
of Aluminum sheet and foil with dimensions 1.37x
0.72 m2 as shown in fig. 10. The hybrid PV/T water
collector system was positioned at an angle of 450 in
relationtothehorizontalplaneandduesouthoriented.
Two flat Aluminum concentrators had been attached
atsidesofPVmoduleofPV/Twatercollectorsystem,
with changeable position in relation to this hybrid
system.

The solar radiation was measured by a Kimo SL100

solarmeterinstalledonthecornerofoneofthepanel.
The patch type thermocouples (k type) had been
installed on the back surface of the two panels. Two
standard thermocouples (k type) were used to
measure the temperature of the water before running
overthepanelandatthelowerendofthepanel.The
temperature of the water coming out of the heat
exchangerwasalsomeasuredbyinstallingastandard
thermocouple (k type) at the end of the finned tube
typeheatexchanger.Thedifferentmeasurementshad
been executed simultaneously over 14 days during
September, 2010 in Tehran and recorded for every 10
minutes.

Heating of tap water in hot water storage tank was

monitoredforperiodof8.00to17.00hoursduringday.
Generatedelectricalenergywasstoredinbattery.The
current and voltage in PV/T water collector were
recordedinevery10minandregisteredintheformof
tablesandgraphicsbyPC.Themeasurementsofsolar
radiation intensity had been collected during an hour
of solar cell in the middle of PV/T water collector
systembyusingMINIKLAdeviceasshowninFig.10.

FIGURE10,MEASUREMENTSOFCONCENTRATEDSOLAR
RADIATIONBYMINIKLADEVICE.

Thesolarradiationintensityhadbeenincreasedupto
43.6 % by attaching Aluminum sheet concentrators
with PV/T collector system, in relation to without
concentrators. Because of this increment in solar
radiation intensity, the thermal and electrical energy
produce by PV/T water collector system had
augmentedby39%and8.60%respectively.

FIGURE11:SOLARPVPANELEQUIPPEDWITHWATERFILM
PRODUCER

Afilmofwaterhadbeenproducedoverthepanelbya
tubewithaslitalongthetopendofthePVpanel(Fig.
11).Awaterpumpwasusedtofedwatertothetube,

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leaves the slit and flows over the panel as a thinfilm

flow.Thewaterhadbeencollectedatthelowerendof
the panel passing through a finned tube type heat
exchangerandconsumedtheheatgainedbythewater.
Duetotapwaterflowandadditionalcoolingbywater
evaporation, the combined PV/T systems operating
temperaturewas measured muchlower up to18.7C0
as compared to the conventional panel (Fig.12). This
temperature reduction had caused a noticeable
improvementinelectricalefficiencyupto33%.

FIGURE14:DIRECTPV/TWATERCOLLECTORSYSTEM

FIGURE12:COMPARISONOFCONVENTIONALPVPANEL
TEMPERATUREWITHTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEPANELIN
THECOMBINEDPV/TSYSTEM.

There was a perceptible enhancement took place in

overall efficiency of the combined PV/T system as
comparison to the conventional system (Fig.13),
because combined PV/T system had produced both
electricalandthermalenergyatatime.

FIGURE15:PARALLELFLOWPV/TCOLLECTORSYSTEM

FIGURE13:COMPARISONOFCONVENTIONALPVPANEL
OVERALLEFFICIENCYWITHTHEOVERALLEFFICIENCYOF
THECOMBINEDPV/TSYSTEM

ThreePV/Twatercollectorsystemshadbeendesigned,
tested and their thermal performances had been
compared (Kamaruzzaman Sopian et al.), shown in
Fig.14to16.

400

FIGURE16:SPLITFLOWPV/TWATERCOLLECTORSYSTEM.

InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue6,December2013

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The output fluid temperature from PV/T collector

systems for various module numbers under solar
irradianceof500W/m2andambienttemperatureof25
0 C had been shown in Fig. 18. After studying the
performancecharacteristicparametersofPV/Tsystem
from Fig. 17 and 18, the Split flow design of PV/T
water collector system gave better thermal
performance compared to Direct flow and Parallel
flowandlastly16%forREFmodelrespectively.

Fig. 14 shows that the parameter diagram of Direct

PV/T water Collector system which was the most
common,conventionalandsimpledesignuseinsolar
watercollectorandphotovoltaicthermalcollector.Fig.
15 shows that the parameter diagram of Parallel flow
PV/Tcollectorsystemwhcihwasusedinmostproduct
ofcurrentsolarwatercollectorwithoutPVpanel.Fig.
16 shows that the new design parameter diagram
which was called as split flow PV/T water collector
system. Thisnew designwas tested and compared to
othercollectorsdesigninthissimulation.

Conclusions
After applying above system configurations
techniques to simple flat plate hybrid PV/T water/air
collector systems, an improvement in combined
system performance took place. So single pass with
rectangular tunnel collector, spiral flow absorber
collector, thin metallic sheet suspended at the middle
of air channel, fins at the back wall of an air duct etc
has been used to cool under side of PV module to
maintainconstantopencircuitvoltage(VOC)ofthePV
module. Attaching flat concentrators or diffuse
reflectors to PV module, the short circuit current (ISC)
of the PV modules has been augmented. So the
combined effects of above configurations have
enhanced electrical performance of the hybrid PV/T
water/air collector system compared to simple flat
platehybridPV/Twater/airsystems.Whentheabove
systemconfigurationstechniqueshavebeenappliedto
these systems, enhancement in thermal performance
took place too. Hence the combined system
performancei.e.electricalandthermalperformanceof
thesesystemstookplace.

FIGURE17:THERMALEFFICIENCYOFPV/TSYSTEMSWHEN
WATERINPUTTEMPERATURE260CANDAMBIENT
TEMPERATURE250C.

The thermal efficiency of these three PV/T systems,

when water input temperature was at 260C and
ambient temperature 25 0C under different solar
irradiance isshown in Fig. 17. Fig.18,shows thermal
efficiency of these three PV/T systems, when water
input temperature was at 31 0C and ambient
temperature25 0Cundervarioussolarirradiance.The
above results showed that at lower temperature of
input water, higher thermal efficiency of PV/T
collectorsystemshadbeenobtained.

To make these systems commercially viable in near

future in terms of efficiency, performance, life,
paybackperiod,costetc,alongwiththeimprovement
in system configuration techniques, research and
development on optimization of material selections
anditsapplicationgivinghigherefficiencyofthesolar
hybrid system may be considered in future
development.
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V. N. Palaskar is pursuing Ph.D.

(Mechanical
Engineering),
Department of General Engineering,
Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai, India since 201112. He has
completed
M.E.
(Mechanical
Engineering) with first division in
2000
from
Veermata
Jijabai
Technology
Institute
(Mumbai
University) Mumbai, India. He has done B.E. (Mechanical
Engineering) with first division in 1994 from Amravati
University,Amravati,India. He has got more than 15 years
ofteachingand21/2yearsofresearchexperience.Mr.
V. N. Palaskar is working as faculty in Mechanical
Engineering Department, Veermata Jijabai Technology
Institute,Mumbai,India.

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Kamaruzaman Ibrahim, Azami Zaharim, Kamaruzaman
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Air Collector with Rectangle Tunnel Absorber, Solar
Energy Research Instiute, Universiti Kebangsaan
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collectors with heat extraction by forced or natural air
circulation,DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofPatras,

His research interest includes solar thermal applications,

hybrid solar water systems for domestic and low
temperature applications, solar drying applications etc. He
has published three papers in peer review journals and
presentedonepaperininternationalconference.

Patra26504,Greece,RenewableEnergy32(2007)623637.
Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Goh Li Jin, Mohd. Yusof Othman,
Saleem H. Zaidi, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan: Advanced
Absorber Design for Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T)
Collectors, Recent Researches in Energy, Environment

Mr. V N Palaskar is a Members of Indian Institute of

Industrial Engineering, Indian National Science Academy
(INSA)andSolarEnergySocietyofIndia(SESI),India.

andLandscapeArchitecture,ISBN:9781618040527.
Lj.Kostic,T.PavlovicandZ.PavlovicInfluenceofPhysical
Characteristics of Flat Aluminum Concentrators on

Emailaddress:vnpalskar@vjti.org.in

Energy Efficiency of PV/Thermal Collector, Proceedings

S. P. Deshmukh is Ph.D. (Tech)

from
Institute
of
Chemical
Technology (Deemed University),
Mumbai in 2009. He has completed
M.E. (Production Engineering) with
first class in 1991 from Victoria
Jubilee Technical Institute Matunga
(University of Mumbai) Mumbai,
India. He has done B.E.
(Production Engineering) with first class in 1986 from
Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute (University of Mumbai)
Mumbai, India. He has got more than 26 years of teaching
and research experience in engineering Institute. Dr. S. P.
DeshmukhisworkingasAssociateProfessorinDepartment
of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai,India.

of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Materials

Research Society of Serbia, September 2008, 115 (2009),
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with a heating system, World Renewable Energy
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Sweden.
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Horigome, New proposal for photovoltaicthermal solar
energyutilizationmethod,SolarEnergy52(1994)241.
Y.Tripanagnostopoulos,M.Souliotis,R.Battisti,A.Corrado,

He has published ten papers in peer review international

journals and presented seven papers in international
conferences.

APPLICATION ASPECTS OF HYBRID PV/T SOLAR

SYSTEMS, Physics Department, University of Patras,
Patras and Department of Mechanics and Aeronautics,

Prof.Dr S. P. Deshmukh is a Member of Indian Institute of

IndustrialEngineering(IIIE),India.

UniversityofRomeLaSapienza,Rome.
Y. Tripanagnostopoulos Y., Tzavellas D., Zoulia I. And

Emailaddress:sp.deshmukh@ictmumbai.edu.in

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