Selecting The Correct Hose and Couplings

Hose Selection Criteria

An effective way to remember the hose selection criteria is to remember the word:
STAMPED
S = Size of Hose
T = Temperature
A = Application
M = Material to be Conveyed
P = Pressure
E = Ends of Couplings
D = Delivery (Flow Rate)
Size of Hose
The inside diameter of the hose must be adequate to keep pressure loss to a minimum and avoid
damage to the hose due to heat generation or excessive turbulence.
To determine the replacement hose size, read the lay line printing on the side of the original hose. If the
original hose lay line is painted over or worn off, cut the original hose and measure the inside diameter for
size.
Note:
Before cutting an original hose assembly, measure the overall assembly length and fitting orientation.
These measurements will be required to build the replacement assembly.
The hose outside diameter (O.D) can be a critical factor when hose routing clamps are used or hoses are
routed through bulkheads. Check individual hose specification tables for O.Ds.
Temperature
When selecting a replacement hose assembly, both fluid and ambient temperature must be considered.
The hose selection must be capable of withstanding the minimum and maximum temperature seen by the
system. When selecting a hose for its maximum temperature, take care that the temperature stated is not
an intermittent value. Care must be taken when routing near hot manifolds and in extreme cases, a heat
shield may be advisable.
Application
Determine where or how the replacement hose or assembly is to be used. Most often, a duplicate of the
original hose will have to be made. Make sure all requirements of the application are fulfilled such as:

Where will the hose be used?

Fluid and/or ambient temperature?

Hose construction?

Equipment type?

Fluid compatibility?

Thread end connection type?

Working and surge pressures?

Environmental conditions?

Suction applications?

Routing requirements?

Thread types?

Government and industry standards being met?

Unusual mechanical loads?

Non-conductive hose required?

Excessive abrasion?

Material to be Conveyed
Some applications require specialised oils or chemicals to be conveyed through the system. Hose
selection must assure compatibility of the hose tube, cover, couplings and O rings with the fluid used.
Additional caution must be exercised in hose selection for gaseous applications such as Freon and LPG.
Note:
O ring seals used on Gates fittings are general nitrile. Ensure fluids are compatible with O rings.
Contact us if in doubt.
Pressure
The system pressure should not exceed published working pressures. Pressure spikes greater than the
published working pressure will shorten hose life. Gates DOES NOT recommend using hoses on
applications having pressure spikes greater than published working pressures.
Ends of Couplings
Identify end connections and consult coupling chapters of the Gates catalogue and our website for
specific part number selection.
Delivery (Flow Rate)
If the same I.D of the original hose is used, assume the system is properly sized to efficiently transport
fluid. If the system is new or altered, determine the hose I.D needed to transport required fluid volume
flow by using the nomographic chart.
Hose Size Selection Nomogram

How To Use The Nomographic Chart

To determine the recommended hose assembly size where the flow rate is known, lay a straight edge
across the three columns so that the edge registers with the flow rate figure in the left hand scale, and the
recommended velocity range in the right hand scale. The point at which the straight edge intersects the
centre scale indicates the recommended hose bore size. Should this reading not coincide with a standard
hose assembly bore size, the right hand edge of the straight edge may be adjusted up and down, within
the recommended velocity range, until the straight edge registers with a standard bore size in the centre
scale.
EXAMPLE:
Where flow rate is 100 litres per minute and recommended flow velocity is 4.5 meters per second, a
25mm (1 inch) bore size hose assembly is indicated.

NOTE:
Flow velocities in range A are recommended for suction and return lines.
Flow velocities in range B are recommended for delivery lines.
ISO 4413 standard recommends flow velocity not be over 5 m/s.
Coupling Selection Criteria

Several factors, such as thread end compatibility, corrosion resistance, vibration, temperature, pressure,
use of adaptors, and fluid compatibility must be considered when selecting a coupling:
Thread End Compatibility
Thread ends must be compatible in order to prevent leaking or assembly blow off. Fittings seal three
ways: thread interface, seat angles and/or O rings. It is critical that both the male and female fittings are
compatible to ensure an effective seal. Incorrect sealing will cause leaks, which can represent a safety
and environmental hazard.
Temperature
Metal surfaces can expand and contract under extreme temperature fluctuations. Choose couplings with
O rings for sealing. The O ring will seal as the metal moves. It may be necessary to use O ring
materials that are suitable for high temperatures.
Fluid Compatibility
Hydraulic hose is commonly selected by its compatibility with fluid, while couplings usually are not.
However, O rings (generally nitrile), can also be affected and need to be checked for fluid compatibility.
Corrosion Resistance
Gates hydraulic fittings are manufactured from carbon steel and are plated for excellent corrosion
resistance. Other materials such as stainless steel are also used.
Pressure
Working pressure should be a consideration when selecting a fitting. Some fittings do not seal well at a
high pressure therefore develop a leak. O ring type fittings as well as solid port connectors work well at
high pressures.
Vibration
Coupling selection may be influenced by motion and/or vibration at the end connection, which can
potentially weaken or loosen a connection. Split flange couplings, or other couplings containing an O ring
for sealing, perform better under vibration. Avoid use of couplings that seal on the threads.
Use of Adaptors
Some couplings connect directly to a port, while others need adaptors. This can influence coupling
selection. Connecting directly to the port eliminates the need for an additional connection, but can make
installation more difficult. Adaptors can make installations easier and eliminate the need for coupling
orientation, but introduce an additional connection or possible leak point.
Easy Identification of Metric Couplings
New Applications for Metric Couplings

For all new metric applications, always use the FDLORX or FDHORX Soft Seal Couplings. The Soft Seal
O ring in the coupling cone provides additional sealing capability at the termination, at the initial start-up
as well as during the entire service life of the machine.
Vibrations cause the nuts to de-torque, therefore regular maintenance is required to prevent possible leak
paths. Gates Soft Seal O rings are not sensitive to vibration, therefore providing longer periods of cone to
port sealing.
Coupling Thread Identification
Following these steps will enable you to be able to identify an unknown coupling thread in a short period
of time.
Step 1:
Measure the diameter of the thread; outside of male threads and insides of female threads.
Step 2:
Refer to the thread identification guide (page 266, a copy of which can be found here) for details of
coupling types and sizes.
Step 3:
Check the coupling thread. With a thread gauge you can check the number of threads per inch (for
imperial couplings) or the pitch of the thread (for metric couplings).
Calculating the Hose Assembly Length
Hose assemblies are made according to overall length, i.e. cone face to cone face, or where elbow
couplings are used, to the centre line of the cone face.
When determining the length of hose assemblies, provide sufficient length to prevent bending strain form
localising at the back of the coupling.
Fitting Orientation
Fitting orientation is necessary when a hose assembly requires two angled couplings which are not inline
when viewed from one end of a hose. Fittings must be orientated to each other to ensure proper
installation without minimal stress on the hose from twisting.
Fitting orientation is measured from the centre line of the first coupling held in a vertical position and
looking at the assembly from the second end by measuring in a clockwise direction.
Orientation angle tolerance should be +/- 3 degrees for assemblies equal or less than 600 mm and +/- 5
degrees for assembly lengths over 600 mm.
Hose Assembly Routing Tips
Proper hose installation is essential for satisfactory performance. As we have seen, if hose length is
excessive, the appearance of the installation will be unsatisfactory and unnecessary cost of equipment
will be involved. If hose assemblies are too short to permit adequate flexing and changes in length due to
expansion or contraction, hose service life will be reduced.

1. Routing. More than 57% of premature hose failures result from abrasion
caused by improper routing. To secure long hydraulic hose life, select and
carefully place clamps, route through pivot points, and use protective sleeves
(Fig. 1).
2. Operating pressure. Check that the rated maximum operating pressure of
the hydraulic hose is greater than the system's operating pressure. Hose lines
are rated for continuous operation at their specified maximum operating
pressure.
3. Pressure surges. Almost all hydraulic systems develop pressure surges
that may exceed relief valve settings. Exposing the hose to surge pressures
above the maximum operating pressure shortens hose life. In systems where
pressure peaks are severe, select a hose with a higher maximum operating
pressure, or choose a spiral reinforced hose specifically designed for severe
pulsing applications.
In general, hoses are designed to accommodate pressure surges and have
operating pressures equal to 25% of the hose minimum burst pressure.
4. Operating temperatures. Temperature ratings refer to the maximum
temperature of the fluid being conveyed. High heat conditions may have an
adverse effect on hoses by degrading the rubber, which limits a hose's
usefulness. In some cases, fluid being conveyed may slow down degradation,
while other fluids may accelerate it. Low temperatures, although a less
common concern, should also be taken into consideration, particularly in cold
environments.
Continuous use of hoses at maximum temperatures together with maximum
pressures should be avoided. Such continuous use causes a deterioration of
the physical properties of the inner tube and outer cover of most hoses,
reducing the service life.

5. Ambient temperatures. Very high or low ambient temperatures affect cover

and reinforcement materials, reducing the life of the hose. Ambient
temperatures, in conjunction with internal temperatures, should be
considered. This situation can occur in hot process piping operations. For
specific recommendations consult the manufacturer.
6. Bend radius. Recommended minimum bend radius is based on maximum
operating pressure with no flexing of the hose. Safe operating pressures
decrease when the bend radius is reduced below the recommended
minimum. Flexing the hose to less than the specified minimum bend radius
reduces hose life. The precise bend radius is measured at the inside curvature
of the hose and is often difficult to determine (Fig. 2). In general, avoid
flattening or kinking any hose.
7. Chemical resistance. Consider the chemical resistance of the fittings, Orings, hose cover, and inner tube. Covers are designed to resist most common
mildew, cleaning solvents, oils, and fuels. Charts detailing the chemical
resistance of hose inner tubes, O-rings, and fitting materials are found in
manufacturer's handbooks.
8. Vacuum service. Vacuum service is not recommended for double-wire braid
or spiral-wire reinforced hose. If vacuum data is not given in a catalog, then
the hose is usually not recommended for this type of service.
In addition to specific applications, the pump inlet line of hydraulic systems is
frequently subjected to vacuum or negative pressure. Hoses specifically
designed for vacuum service have an integral steel coil in the reinforcement
lining that does not disrupt fluid flow.
9. Fittings. For any hydraulic hose to be useful, it must have a fitting at each
end. In selecting fittings, a decision must be made between crimped and
reusable styles. A fittings configuration, as well as a strategic selection of
elbows and jump-size components, should be considered for long-life use
(Fig. 3). Follow manufacturer's recommendations for fitting assembly
procedures.