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EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE II
ELECTROSTATIC
- Define as the branch of physics that deals with stationary or resting charge.
STATIC ELECTRICITY
- Other name of resting charge.
ELECTRIFICATION
- Is a process from which electrons maybe added all atoms containing electrons in motion about a
nucleus.
- If one or more electron are removed, the atom is left with an excess positive charge, the removed
electron become attached to neutral atom. Then later it will become negatively charged.
METHODS OF ELECTRIFICATION
1. Electrification by Friction
2. Electrification by Contact
3. Electrification by Induction
ELECTRIFICATION BY FRICTION
- Is the removal of electron from one object by rubbing it with another of different kind of object.
- Is the simplest and most fundamental method of electrification.
AMBER
- Sometimes called as ELECTRON
ELECTRIFICATION BY CONTACT
- A charge objects confers the same kind of charge on any charged body with which it comes in
contact.
- When a body charged by frictions touches an uncharged object, latter acquires the same charge.
- If the first object is negatively charged, it will give up some its electrons to the second object.
- If the first object is positively charge, it will remove electrons from second object, living
positively charged.
ELECTRIFICATION BY INDUCTION
- A process to which an uncharged metallic object experience a shift of electrons when brought into
the electric field a charged object, only the electron move.
ELECTRIC FIELD
- Is a region in which a force is exerted on another charge body.
ENERGY STATE
- Is the energy of a particular electron corresponding to its energy level in the atom.
- Their energy levels merge into a series of ENERGY BANDS
THREE TYPES OF ENERGY BANDS
1. VALENCE BAND
- This band represent the energy needed to raise electron
- It corresponds to the valence shell of a single isolated atom.
2. FILLED BAND
- These are energy bands below the valence band.
- They possess a full complement of electrons; because the filled bands do not contribute to
electrical conduction we normally omit them from energy band diagrams.
FORBIDDEN GAPS
- Refers to the energy bands that separate each other by a region.
3. CONDUCTION BAND
- Electron can move freely in this band, because they are no longer tied to a particular atom. And
the electron in the conduction band is called FREE ELECTRON.
The conduction properties of different materials largely depend on the existence and the size of the
forbidden gap between the valence and conduction bands.
C. RESISTANCE
- Property of the circuit which opposes or hinders the flow of electric current.
OHM
- Unit of Resistance
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (emf)
- It applies to the maximum difference potential difference between the terminals of a battery or
generator.
- This is not really a force but rather a quantity of work or energy needed to move a unit electrical
charge through the circuit.
RESISTANCES OF A CONDUCTOR DEFEND ON THE FOLLOWING:
1. Material
2. Length
3. Cross Sectional Area
4. Temperature
OHMS LAW
George Simon Ohm (1787 1854)
- A German Physicist, discovered that When A steady direct current is flowing in a resistance in
the circuit, there is a definite relation between potential difference (volts), current (amperes),
resistance ohms).
- This is expressed in OHMS LAW which states that the valve of the current in a metallic circuit
equals the potential difference divided by the resistance.
It expressed as:
I=V
R
WHERE IN:
I = Current in amperes
V = Potential Difference in volts
R = Resistance in ohms