1.

a. When a stationary book on a table is pushed, energy from the person pushing it is
transferred to the book, causing the book to move.
b. When striking a drum, the kinetic energy of the stick changes to sound energy.
2. a. from the formula of kinetic energy
change in kinetic energy=1/2*m*(v^2-u^2)
here u=1m/s and v=2m/s
putting in above
so, change in kinetic energy=1/2*40*(4-1)=60 kg.m/s^2
b.from work energy theorem change in k.e is equal to work
so when she doubles her speed change in k.e will be equal to work i.e 60 joule
now to triple her speed
W=1/2*40*(9-1)=160 joule
Initial kinetic energy: KE = mv
Final kinetic energy: KE = mv
She doubles her initial speed
v = 2v
Therefore
KE = m(2v) = 2mv
Compare this to KE
KE/KE = (2mv) / (mv) = 4
So final kinetic energy is 4 times initial kinetic energy. Initial kinetic energy being 20J, final kinetic energy
is therefore 80J.
(b) Let v = kv
Final kinetic energy in terms of initial velocity
Work = KE - KE
Work = m(kv) - mv
Work = mv(k - 1) = (k - 1)KE
This means work (energy) required to get her velocity up to k times more is (k- 1) times the initial kinetic
energy.

So double her speed would need work equivalent to (2-1)=3 its initial kinetic energy. Initial is 20J
therefore work would be 60J.
And triple her speed world need work equivalent to (3-1)=8 its initial kinetic energy. Initial is 20J therefore
work would be 160J.

3. a. KE=1/2 m v2
b. Force*distance=1/2 m v^2
4. the unit is joule
because joule=kg*m^2/s^2
5. P.E=mgh
here 'P.E' is potential energy, 'm' is mass, 'g' is acceleration due to gravity and 'h' is height.
putting the values:
P.E=1*9.8*50
P.E=490 J
7. Potential energy PE=mgh, m=0.1, g=9.8, h=80, PE=78.4J, this is your total energy, assuming there is
no air resistance the total energy will stay the same the whole time it is falling. KE=0.5mv^2, There is no
velocity so KE is therefore 0.
After 20m, h=60m, PE=0.1*9.8*60=58.8. As your total energy is the same as before, the difference
between the potential energies will be the kinetic energy. 78.4-58.8=19.6.
To check this is correct you can use a constant acceleration formula to find out the velocity of the mass
after 20m. v^2=u^2+2as, v is final velocity, u is initial velocity(0 in this case), a is the acceleration due to
gravity (9.8m/s^2) and s is the displacement (20m in this case). This gives us v^2=2*9.8*20. Substitute
this into KE=0.5mv^2 gives you KE=0.5*0.1*2*9.8*20 KE=19.6J, this is what we calculated earlier (but in
a much easier way). When doing calculations that can be done in more than one way it is best to do it in
more than one way, and if they agree then you can be much more sure that your answer is correct.
8. A Joule is equal to Newton x meter, and a Newton = mass x acceleration. The unit for mass is kg and
for acceleration is m/s^2. So if a Joule = Newton x meter, it equals [(kg)(m/s^2)] x m. The x meter makes
the meter on top squared so you get Joules = kg x m^2/s^2. Its substitution.
Hope I helped!
edit: you asked also how the formula for kinetic energy is equal to Joules. The formula for KE is 1/2
(mass)x(volume)^2. The unit for mass is kg and volume is m/s. Square volume and you get m^2/s^2, so
KE = kg x m^2/s^2 = Joules. Joules is the unit for force and work, or the energy acted upon an object, and
Kinetic Energy is the energy that is "currently happening" to the object, so KE and force are equivalent.

8. First try to write J/kg into its basic units.

Like J denotes, Joule,which is SI unit for Work.
And we know work= Force x distance
now , J= Fxs
=> J= mas
Now, m == mass== kg
a== acceleration == m/s2
s==distance==m
=> J= kg * m * m/s2= kgm2/s2
Now, J/kg = m2/s2 (proved)
9. The maximum potential energy will be at the highest point. Use first and second equations to find it.
v = u - gt
At the highest point, v = 0.
=> t = 50/9.8
= 5 s.
s = ut - 0.5 g * t^2
=> h = 50*5 - 0.5 * 9.8 * (5)^2
= 127.5 m
a) PE at h = mgh
= 0.2 * 9.8 * 127.5
= 249.9 J
b) h= 127.5 m
P.S: Where was conservation of energy applied here?
Law of conservation of mechanical energy is
Kinetic energy + Potential energy = constant
This means that the potential energy is maximum when kinetic energy is zero. Kinetic energy is zero when the velocity of the object
is zero. This happens at the highest point.
10. To allow the engine to run at its best speed

11. Joule measured work input to stirred water and temperature rise of the water.
The work input to the water energy was converted to heat, which then increased
the internal energy of the water.
There is a mechanical equivalence between mechanical work, heat, and internal energy.
The results indicate that 838 ft-lbf of mechanical work input will raise the temperature
of one pound mass of water by one degree F.
The work of Joule and others led to Joule's Constant :

J = 778.2 ft - lbf per Btu

12.

Potential energy lost: E=mgh

Temperature rise is found using: E = mcT where c is the specific heat capacity of iron.
mgh = mcT
Note m cancels out so it's the same for an object of any mass (or weight).
T = gh/c
= 9.8 X 10 / 450
= 0.22C
13. we need to know the mass of the iron and the initial temperature of one of the substances
then, realize that the heat lost by the warmer object = the heat gained by the cooler, and that heat gain or loss = mass x specific heat
x temp change
13.

14. Evaporation of sweat from the skin surface has a cooling effect due to the latent heat of evaporation
of water. It absorbs the excess heat from our body and evaporates thus we feel cool.

As sweat on the surface of the skin heats up, it gains energy. When sweat droplets evaporate, the
heat contained with them is removed, thus cooling the skin.
15. Liquid particles are touching but further apart than solids. They also don't have a regular
shape. They move by sliding past each other. The ice cube which was solid has turned into the
liquid water because the air temperature is warmer than the freezers.