International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Design and Modeling of Wind Energy Conversion System Based on PMSG

Using MPPT Technique
Neetu Singh1, Dr. Bhupal Singh2
M.Tech Scholar, Dept. of EEE, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India
2
HOD, Dept. of EEE, Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India

ABSTRACT
Renewable Wind Energy has become the most important
Energy source for the power generation to meet the
growing demand .Generation is required to be subsidized
at present time and to ensure this, government have
taken mandatory measures.This paper presenting
modeling, simulation and performance analysis of wind
energy conversion system. The purposed conversion
system deals with wind turbine, two mass drive train and
permanent magnet synchronous generator with boost
converter. MPPT Technique is used as control strategy
to extract maximum power from wind. The conversion
system
is
modeled
and
simulated
using
MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Simulation results are authentic and will verify the
validity of wind energy conversion system with
maximum power extraction.
Keywords Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS),
Boost Converter, PMSG, MPPT, Modeling

I.

wind turbine operates in an effective manner to extract

maximum efficiency from wind. This system is modeled
and simulated under SIMULINK with the help of
MATLAB software.
This paper is organized as follow. In Section I
configuration of WECS is shown, after than in later
Sections II, III, IV, V, VI, VII explains about the
components used in wind energy conversion system as
well as their modeling , in next Section VIII and IX
result, discussion and conclusions are presented .

II.

WIND
ENERGY
SYSTEM

CONVERSION

The proposed energy conversion system is based on

PMSG. This type of machine has main features which
are relevant for wind power applications such as no
significant losses generated in the rotor, allows soft start
and magnetization provided by the permanent magnets.
The typical configuration of wind energy conversion
system is shown in fig. 1.

INTRODUCTION

At present scenario Renewable sources of energy are

mainly used for power generation such as solar, wind,
hydro, geothermal which is clean and non polluting.
Although the drawback seen in the case of , as renewable
source is its irregularity in occurrence and when wind
blows with lesser speed then how to maximize the
energy generation from wind. On the second side as it is
a natural resource variations in wind speed can be seen
but cannot be destroyed. Wind Energy is a source of
renewable power generation from the air flowing all
around earth surface. Wind turbines harvest this kinetic
energy and convert it into electrical energy through
make use of generator.
In terms of energy conversion system, most of the
turbines for on-land emplacements uses doubly fed
Induction generator due to their advantages but now
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is
also used which is one of the most promising as well as
having more advantages. Advantages seen in case of
PMSG are better reliability, power density, higher
performance and longer life. In WECS the turbine can
continuously adjust its rotational speed according to
wind speed. During high wind speed variable speed

Fig.1 Block diagram of WECS

The system comprises wind turbine, permanent magnet
synchronous generator, diode bridge rectifier boost
converter, inverter and LC filter after than grid. DC-DC
Boost converter is used at the output of rectifier. MPPT
control signal is given to the boost converter which
boosts the voltage across load.

III.

WIND TURBINE MODELING

Wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of wind into

mechanical energy by means of producing torque. The
energy hold by the wind is in the form of kinetic energy.
The wind power developed by the turbine is given

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

(1)
Where,
P = Power generated by the wind turbine
A =the area swept out by the turbine blades
v = the wind speed,
= air density,
= tip speed ratio
= pitch angle
Fig.3 Two Mass Drive Train Model

CP( , ) = the power coefficient ,

The
wind
turbine
model
designed
in
MATLAB/SIMULINK. This block implements a
variable pitch wind turbine model. The performance
coefficient Cp of the turbine is the mechanical output
power of the turbine divided by wind power and a
function of wind speed, rotational speed, and pitch angle
(beta).
Various Parameters of wind turbine are:
Nominal mechanical output power (W): 8.5e3
Base power of the electrical generator (VA): 8.5e3/0.9
Base wind speed (m/s): 8
Maximum power at base wind speed (p.u. of nominal
mechanical power): 0.8
Base rotational speed (p.u. of base generator speed): 1

V.

PMSG MODELING

The permanent magnet synchronous generator given in

this paper is modeled based on equations which are
given as:
=
(+ (Lqs+Lls) + )
(2)
=

(-

(Lqs+Lls) +

)+

(3)

Where d and q refer to quantities that have been

transformed into the d-q synchronous rotating reference
frame, R stator resistance, Ld and Lq are direct and
quadrature axis inductances of generator, Lld and Llq are
leakage inductances, f is the permanent magnetic flux,
e is the electrical rotating speed of the generator given
as
=P
(4)
Where P is the number of pole pair of the generator. The
electromagnetic torque equation is given as
=1.5(

+ +

Fig.2 Wind Turbine Model

IV.

TWO
MASS
MODELING

DRIVE

TRAIN

This model consists of turbine and shaft coupling

system. The shaft torque T_shaft (p.u) output is fed to
the PMSG as input. The main Purpose of presence of
two mass drive drain or gearbox is only that we can keep
generator pole lesser in number instead of design with
higher number of poles.
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Fig.4 Simulation of PMSG Model

(5)

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

VI.

BOOST CONVERTER

If the power increases due to perturbation then the

perturbation is continued in that direction. After the peak
power is reached the power at the next instant decreases
and hence after that the perturbation reverses. When the
steady state reached the method oscillates around the
peak point. In order to keep the power variation small
The perturb size is also kept small. The flow chart is
given above for perturb and observation method.

Fig.5 Boost Converter

In order to determine the operating point of the wind

turbine, it is essential to include a maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) algorithm in the system.
Although there are many other methods of MPPT but
perturb and observation method is easy and simplest.

Boost converter consists of input voltage source, switch,

inductor, diode, capacitor and resistor which is
considered as load. The switch can be closed or open
depends on the output requirement . The output voltage
across the load is always greator than the input voltage .
A boost converter will step up the voltage . The nature of
the current will always continous . The output votage is
very sensitive to change as duty cycle changes. The
average output current is less than the average inductor
current by the factor of ( 1- D) , and a much higher
current flows through filter .

VII.

VIII.

SIMULATION
SIMULINK

OF

MODEL

IN

MAXIMUM POWER POINT

TRACKING ALGORITHM

Fig.7 Complete SIMULINK Model of proposed work

IX.

Fig. 6 Flow chart of Perturb and Observation algorithm

The Perturb and Observation method is used in wind
energy conversion system. This is the simplest method
of MPPT. In this method perturbation is introduce in
system. This perturb causes the change in power.

SIMULATION RESULTS

The block shown above in simulation is a wind

generation block which consists of wind turbine block,
two mass drive train and PMSG whose output
waveforms are shown below. ABC are three phase
output ports connected to the rectifier. After then
implementation of boost converter for MPPT . Output is
than fed to inverter, from there we get the inverter output
voltage waveform shown below. LC filter is used in
order to remove harmonics and a resistive type of load is
connected at the grid side. The voltage at the grid side
will be of sinusoidal nature. By implementing MPPT
technique it ensures the maximum power extraction
from the wind.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

Fig. 8 Constant Input Wind Speed

Fig. 10 Represent waveform of (i) current through

inductor (ii) dc link voltage (iii) inverter output voltage
of three phase line to line voltages (iv) line to line grid
voltage (v) modulation index

Fig. 9 Waveform of (i) generator speed of two mass

drive train (ii) synchronous generator wind speed wm
(rad/sec) (iii) pitch angle (iv) electromagnetic
torque(Tm) (v) mechanical torque (Te).

Fig. 11 Waveform of Instantaneous active and reactive

power

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

[4] Bhende, C.N., Misra, S. and Malla, S.G., Permanent

magnet synchronous generator based standalone wind
energy supply system, IEEE Transactions on
Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 4, pp.361-373, Oct 2011.

Fig 12 Waveform of three phase grid voltage

TABLE : PMSG Parameter
No. of poles
P
Stator resistance
RS
Armature inductance
L
Viscous damping
B
Moment of inertia
J
Flux

X.

6
0.425
0.000835H
0.0011N.m.s
0.0119Kg.m2
0.433Wb

CONCLUTION

This paper presents modeling of entire wind energy

conversion system with PMSG using boost converter.
MPPT has been proposed in this paper, this technique
uses dc link voltage and current as input. The duty ratio
of the boost converter is adjusted. There is no
requirement for wind speed measurement .This
technique implement simplest method. The system is
simulated under fixed and variable speed condition with
resistive type of load.

REFERENCES
[1] Haque, M.E., Negnevitsky, M. and Muttaqi, K.M. ,
A novel control strategy for a variable speed wind
turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous
generator IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,
vol. 46, no.1, pp. 331-339, Jan/Feb. 2010.
[2] Eduardo Giraldo, and Alejandro Graces, An
Adaptive Control Strategy for Wind Energy Conversion
System Based on PWM-CSC and PMSG IEEE
Transactions on power systems, vol. 29, no. 3, May
2014.
[3] Xia, Y., Ahmed, K.H. Williams, B.W. A New
Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind
Energy Conversion System, IEEE Transactions on
power electronics, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3609-3620, Dec
2011.

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