Estimation and Mapping of Carbon Stocks in Bosomkese Forest Reserve

International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications (IJRSA) Volume 6, 2016
doi: 10.14355/ijrsa.2016.06.005
www.ijrsa.org
Estimation and Mapping of Carbon Stocks in

Bosomkese Forest Reserve
Emmanuel Donkor1, Edward Matthew Osei Jnr2, Benjamin E. K. Prah2, Adwoa Sarpong Amoah3, Yakubu
Mohammed1
Resource Management Support Centre of Forestry Commission, Kumasi, Ghana, 2Kwame Nkrumah University of
Science and technology, Kumasi, Ghana, 3Kumasi Polytechnic, Ghana
1
dadad105@yahoo.com, 2chief_osei@yahoo.com, 2benprah@yahoo.com, 3lawrena80@yahoo.com,

myakubu89@hotmail.com
1
1
Abstract
Biomass estimation has become a critical element in global environmental studies, because the change in biomass is deemed as
an important component of climate change. The aim of this research is to estimate and map carbon stocks in Bosomkese forest
reserve using remote sensing, GIS applications and field measurement method. Out of the six carbon pools of terrestrial
ecosystem involving biomass (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, deadwood, non tree, litter and soil organic matter),
carbon sequestration of three (aboveground, belowground and deadwood) were assessed. Advanced Land Observing Satellite
(ALOS) image acquired in 2010 was classified using Erdas Imagine. Total of five land use/cover classes were identified; Closed
canopy natural forest, open canopy natural forest, plantation, farmland and fallow land. Diameter at breast height and total
height of standing trees as well as the end diameters and the length of downed deadwood were measured in fifty sample plots
in the five land use classes. These measurements were converted into aboveground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC)
and deadwood carbon (DWC) using allometric equations developed in 2012 by Forest Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG).
Total carbon for each plot was the summation of AGC, BGC and DWC. This research showed that closed canopy natural forest
(1748.37 ton/Ha) contained more carbon than the rest of the land use/cover classes. This was followed by open canopy natural
forest (1164.12 ton/Ha), plantation (775 ton/Ha), fallow land (110.69 ton/Ha) and farmland (45.13 ton/Ha) in descending order of
total carbon stocks. The carbon/carbon dioxide equivalent values together with the plots coordinates were used to generate
carbon stock and carbon dioxide equivalent map using Geostatistics tool of ArcGIS 10.0. The total carbon stock for the whole
Bosomkese forest is in the range of 2,236,938.90 2,865,148.33 tons and carbon dioxide equivalent in the range of 8,534,225.45
10,507,952.05 tons.
Keywords
Carbon Stocks; Bosomkese Forest Reserve; Biomass Estimation; Climate Change; Above Ground Carbon; Below Ground Carbon; Deadwood
Carbon
Introduction
Biomass estimation for tropical forest has received much attention in recent years because the change in biomass is
considered as a vital component of climate change (Richardson & Oosterom, 2013). Biomass determines potential
carbon emission due to deforestation, forest degradation and conversion of natural forest lands. Therefore, accurate
biomass estimation is necessary for better understanding of deforestation and forest degradation impacts on global
warming and environmental degradation (Richardson & Oosterom, 2013). Natural forests accumulate a large
quantity of carbon and when these forests are cleared the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere (Chave et al., 2004).
Forest covers nearly one-third of the Earths land surface and accounts for half of terrestrial carbon pool (CPFC,
2008). The important role played by forest in global carbon cycle has been discussed in some papers of Kyoto
protocol (Brown, 2002). Deforestation and forest degradation of the tropical forest account for about 15-25% annual
global green house gas emission (Gibbs et al., 2007). Reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation (REDD) as major effort to combat climate change has been taken up by United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (Gibbs et al., 2007).
Global warming statistics collected by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute for
Space Studies have revealed that the average global temperatures have been increased by 0.8C over the last
century alone. Temperatures are increasing at startling rate of 0.15-0.2C per decade (Butler, 2007). This rise in
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temperature is termed as global warming; this is caused by increase in some atmospheric gases, especially CO2,
methane, fluorinated gases, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide (Cline, 2007).
The mass of living organisms in a forest is called forest biomass. It is simply the weight of all organisms living in a
precisely delineated area and it could be determined accurately by capturing every living organism and putting it
on a scale (Hogan, 2014). But this would involve destroying the forest and moreover it would be extremely timeconsuming. A far more efficient method, with well-established accuracy, is to measure the size of organisms and
from their dimensions estimate the weight. Estimates of carbon stocks are usually focused on living trees, fallen
branches and dead standing trees (Chave et al., 2003). Soil also contains substantial amount of carbon (Lal, 2005;
Kumar et al., 2006).
Forest inventories have often been used as starting points for the estimation of biomass and carbon storage in
natural forests (Talbot et al., 2014). Often, biomass equations have been developed on the basis of forest inventory
data (Segura & Kanninen, 2005). Forest inventories usually include counting and measuring the tree diameter at
breast height and total height.
Many researchers have developed generalised biomass prediction equations for different types of forest and tree
species (Basuki et al., 2009; Vashum & Jayakumar, 2012). Generally, the carbon concentration of the different parts
of a tree is assumed to be 50% or 45% of the dry biomass (Malik et al., 2014). However, (Losi et al., 2003) in their
study estimated the carbon concentration of dry bole sample to be approximately 48% of the dry bole biomass.
Precise information about global biomass is limited and therefore there is the need for accurate estimation of
biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests for the understanding of global carbon cycle, formulation and
evaluation of initiatives to reduce global warming and management of ecosystems carbon sequestration (Sierra et
al., 2007).
In Ghana, detailed information about carbon stock for the entire country is scanty and therefore there is to need to
have comprehensive data on carbon stocks to help our decision makers in their planning on climate change.
Accurate estimation of forest biomass is vital for many purposes including national development planning,
scientific studies of ecosystem productivity and to evaluate the role of forest lands in carbon cycle (Basuki et al.,
2009). The estimation of the above-ground biomass to assess the amount of Carbon stored in the forest is becoming
progressively more important (Ketterings et al., 2001; Chave et al., 2005). This project is focused on estimation and
mapping of Carbon stocks using remote sensing, GIS applications and field measurement (forest inventory)
method. Bosomkese Forest reserve in Bechem forest district is used as case study in this project because of its
variability in land use/cover as well as various forest development initiatives in the area.
Methods
Study Area
Bosomkese forest reserve is within latitude 659N to 710N and longitude 211W to 219 W. It falls within Tano
South and Asutifi political districts of Brong Ahafo region. Bosumkese forest reserve was demarcated in 1936 and
constituted in 1939. It has a total area of 138.41 square kilometers (13,841 hectares) and managed by Bechem forest
district of forestry commission of Ghana. Figure 1 below shows the map of the study area.
Methodology
1)
Pre-Processing and Image Classification
The pre-processing aims to correct distorted or degraded image data to create more accurate representation of
the original scene. This typically involves the initial processing of raw data to correct for geometric distortion, to
calibrate the data radiometrically and to eliminate noise present in the data (Lillesand & Kiefer, 2008).
Supervised classification was used and the ALOS image was classified into five main land use/cover classes;
closed canopy natural forest, open canopy natural forest, plantation, farmland and fallow land. Garmin 62Sc
hand held GPS was used to pick 150 points and 100 were used as training points representing the various land
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cover classes and the remaining 50 were used for validation. The Maximum Likelihood algorithm which
classifies image according to the variance and covariance of the spectral response patterns of a pixel was used.
In Erdas maximum likelihood algorithm gives the best classification results.
FIG. 1 MAP OF STUDY AREA
2)
Accuracy Assessment
Accuracy Assessment is a process of testing the classification result from satellite images against any reference
data or ground truth data (Foody, 2002). In the light of this it is important to test the result before using the
outcome of the classification from satellite images for any land cover work. In this project all the reference data
were obtained from the field work to perform accuracy assessment which yielded overall accuracy of 76% using
the Classifier toolbar of Erdas Imagine. In all 50 reference points were used for the accuracy assessment. This
project assessed the accuracy of the classified image from the confusion matrix generated. Area of each land
cover class in hectares was generated by the classifier tool.
3)
Selection of Enumeration Plots
A land cover map was prepared and sample intensity of 0.015% was adopted which yielded 50 enumeration
plots. The distribution of the plots within the entire study area are as follows; closed forest 10 plots, open forest
20 plots, plantation 15 plots, farmland 3 plots and fallow land 2 plots. The plots allotment was based on the area
of each land use/cover class. The coordinates for each plot were extracted using data management tools of
ArcGIS 10.0.
4)
Field Work (Plot Enumeration)
The purpose of the field work was to measure the diameter and the height of the trees to calculate their biomass
using allometric equations. For each plot, the extracted coordinates were entered into the Garmin 62Sc hand
held GPS which were used to navigate to the plot centre. 20m x 20m plot with 10m x 10m and 5m x 5m subplots
within it were laid as shown in Figure 2 below.
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3150
10
mm
m
10
m
5m
5m
20m
2250
5m
14.1
mm
m
4mm
m
20
mm
mm
mm
450
14.1
mm
m4m
mm
mm
m
20
mm
m
14.1
4mm
m
1350
20
m
FIG. 2 PLOT LAYOUT
DESIGN
The enumerations were carried out for live standing trees and dead wood. The live standing trees consist of
tally trees, juvenile trees and seedlings. The dead woods were made up of dead standing trees and downed
deadwood. Table 1 gives information about the various trees category.
TABLE 1 TREE CATEGORY AND LOCATION
Tree
Tallyt
Tally
Diameter class(cm)
Location within plot
Stand area (Ha)
10 and above
20m x 20m
0.04
Juvenile
5 9.9
10m x 10m
0.01
Seedling
2 4.9
5m x 5m
0.0025
Dead standing
10 and above
20m x 20m
0.04
Downed deadwood
1 and above
10m x 10m
0.01
For the live and dead standing trees, their diameters at breast height (DBH- 1.3m from ground) and total tree
height were measured. For downed deadwoods, their diameters at the two ends and lengths were measured as
well as the decomposition states were recorded.
5)
Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Stock Determination for Living Trees
The above ground biomass (AGB) for tally trees, juvenile trees and seedlings were calculated using allometric
equations developed in 2012 by Forest Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) for the moist semi deciduous
ecological zone which the study area falls within. The following allometric equation was used to calculate AGB
per tree.
Y (Kg / tree) = 0.0124 x x (dbh2 )1.5423
(1)
Where Y: Above ground biomass per tree.

dbh: Measured tree diameter at breast height ( cm )
: Wood density (kg / m3).
Biomass for other living trees like palm trees, pawpaw trees, etc found within the plots were calculated using
the allometric equation;
Y (Kg / tree) = 0.00388 x (dbh2)1.6063
(2)
The AGB per tree was then summed up for all trees to obtain a stand-level AGB estimate. Each stand-level has
different area (Ha) as shown in Table 1.
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The total stand-level AGB was converted to tons by dividing it by 1000 and further expressed it as ton / Ha by
dividing the tons by its stand area.
AGB values for stand-level were transformed to AGC using standard carbon fraction value of 0.48 as;
AGC (Ton / Ha) = 0.48 x AGB
(3)
Total AGC per plot was obtained by summing AGC (ton / Ha) for tally trees, juvenile trees, seedlings and others.
6)
2.2.6 Below Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock Determination
The below ground biomass (BGB) for tally trees, juvenile trees, seedlings and others were calculated using the
allometric equation;
Y (Kg / tree) = 2.169 x (AGB )0.6098
(4)
Where AGB: The above ground biomass of the tree.

The BGB per tree was then summed up for all trees to obtain a stand-level BGB estimate. The total stand-level
BGB was converted to tons and further expressed it as ton / Ha by dividing the tons by its stand area.
BGB values for stand-level were converted to BGC using the equation;
BGC (Ton/Ha) = 0.48 x BGB
(5)
Total BGC per plot was obtained by summing BGC (ton/Ha) for tally trees, juvenile trees, seedlings and others.
7)
Determination of Carbon Stock for Dead Standing Trees
Standing dead trees are classified into 4 different classes based on the trees decomposition level. The different
levels are;
(i) Tree with branches and twigs and resembles a live tree (except for leaves).
(ii) Tree with no twig, but with persistent small and large branches.
(iii) Tree with large branches only.
(iv) Bole (trunk) only, no branches.
The model for calculating the carbon of standing dead tree is
Z (Kg / tree) = 0.48 x DC x AGB
(6)
where Z: AGC for dead standing tree

DC: Decomposition coefficient
0.48: Carbon fraction
The AGB is calculated using the living tree above ground biomass equation (1).
Nslunds equations were used to calculate decomposition coefficients as follows;
For levels (i) and (ii)
DC=
(dbh)2
(0.844533 + 0.995373 x dbh)2
(7)
(dbh)2
(2.95999 +1.08769 x dbh) 2
(8)
For levels (iii) and (iV)

DC=
The AGC per dead standing tree was then summed up for all dead standing trees to obtain the total AGC
estimate. The total AGC (Kg) was converted to tons and further expressed it as ton/Ha by dividing the tons by
its stand area (0.04).
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8)
Determination of Carbon Stock for Downed Deadwood
The volume of downed deadwood (particle) is calculated using the frusto-conical formula
Volume = x LP X (r21+ r22 + r1 r2) / 3
Using wood density, decomposition level and carbon fraction, the volume is transformed into carbon as;
Z (gr / particle) = DL x CF x WD x x LP x 100 x (r21+ r22 + r1 r2) / 3
(9)
Where Z: carbon per particle (downed deadwood) in grammes.

DL: Decomposition level
CF: Carbon fraction = 0.48
WD: Wood density
LP : Length of particle (m)
r1 : Radius at the base (cm)
r2 : Radius at the tip (cm)
= 3.142
There are three decomposition levels for downed deadwood:
Sound (blade does not sink or is bounced off) and has DL value of 1.0.
Medium (blade partly sinks into the piece of wood or there has been some wood loss) and has DL value
of 0.71.
Rotten (blade sinks well into the piece, there is extensive wood loss and the piece is crumbly) and has
DL value of 0.31.
The carbon per particle was summed up for all the particles to obtain the total carbon (gr). The total carbon (gr)
was converted to tons by dividing it by 1,000,000 and further expressed as ton/Ha by dividing the tons by its
stand area (0.01).
Grand total carbon per plot (ton / Ha) was obtained by summing up the total carbon (ton/ Ha) for AGC (tally
trees, juvenile trees, seedlings and others), BGC (tally trees, juvenile trees, seedlings and others) and deadwood
carbon (dead standing trees and downed deadwood).
9)
Conversion of Carbon Stock to Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
Aboveground, belowground and deadwood carbon in tonnes were converted to carbon dioxide equivalent (t
CO2e) as;
Atomic mass of Carbon (C) = 12
Molecular mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = 12 + 16 X 2 = 44
Tonnes of Carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) ton / Ha per plot were obtained from the equation
tCO2e (ton/Ha) / plot = carbon stock x (44/12)
(10)
10) Carbon Stock and Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Mapping

Geostatistical tool of ArcGIS 10.0 using ordinary Kriging technique was used to generate the carbon and the
carbon dioxide equivalent maps of the study area. This technique was used because it provided more accurate
and visually appealing map output.
With the plot numbers, the coordinates of each plot in UTM coordinate system and the carbon or carbon
dioxide values were entered in an excel sheet . The excel file was imported into ArcGIS 10.0 and geostatistics
tool was used to generate carbon or carbon dioxide map.
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Results
Classification
Supervised classification was used and the ALOS image was classified into five major land use/cover classes;
closed canopy natural forest, open canopy natural forest, plantation, farmland and fallow land as shown in Figure
3.
FIG. 3 LAND USE/COVER MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
From the classification results, the area of each land use/cover and the total area are presented in Table 2.
TABLE 2 AREA OF EACH LAND USE / COVER CLASS
Land use / cover
Area (Ha)
Area (%)
Closed canopy natural forest
2938.39
21.23
Open canopy natural forest
5756.38
41.59
Plantation
4380.31
31.65
Farmland
474.64
3.43
Fallow land
291.28
2.10
Total
13,841
100
The classification results were validated using 50 sample points; 6 in closed forest, 14 in open forest, 17 in
plantation, 4 in farmland and 9 in fallow land. Erdas imagine was used to generate the producer accuracy, user
accuracy and overall accuracy of the classification.
Field Sample Plots Enumeration
Total of 123 different tree species were enumerated in the 50 sample plots. About 90% of these species were found
within closed and open canopy natural forest.
Carbon Stocks in the Three Carbon Pools
Carbon stocks were estimated for three pools; aboveground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC) and
deadwood carbon (DWC) and summary are shown in Table 3.
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TABLE 3 TOTAL CARBON STOCK FOR EACH CARBON POOL
Carbon Pool
Total Carbon (Ton/Ha)
AGC
3033.69
BGC
572.53
DWC
237.09
Grand Total
3843.31
Total Carbon Stocks in the Land Use/Cover Classes

Total carbon stock is the sum of all the three carbon pools. Table 4 below presents summary of total carbon stock
for each land use / cover class.
TABLE 4 TOTAL CARBON STOCK FOR EACH LAND USE / COVER CLASS
LAND USE/ COVER CLASS
AGC
(Ton/ Ha)
BGC
(Ton/ Ha)
DWC
(Ton/ Ha)
TOTAL CARBON
(Ton/ Ha)
Closed Forest
1458.32
199.18
90.87
1748.37
Open Forest
903.07
170.98
90.07
1164.12
Plantation
589.54
180.55
4.91
775
Farmland
33.38
11.07
0.68
45.13
Fallow land
49.38
10.05
51.26
110.69
TOTAL
3033.69
572.53
237.09
3843.31
Mapping of Carbon Stocks and Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Total carbon stocks, carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and UTM coordinates for each plot in the study area were
used to generate carbon and carbon dioxide equivalent maps as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively.
FIG. 4 CARBON MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
FIG. 5 CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
Total Carbon Stocks and Carbon Dioxide Equivalent for the Entire Study Area
Tables 5 and 6 show the total carbon stocks and carbon dioxide equivalent respectively for the whole Bosomkese
forest reserve.
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TABLE 5 TOTAL CARBON STOCKS FOR BOSOMKESE FOREST RESERVE
CLASS
(TON / Ha)
CLASS AREA
(Ha)
LOWER LIMIT CARBON

(TON)
UPPER LIMIT CARBON

(TON)
4.0-42.9
236.21
944.84
10,133.41
42.9-81.8
1392.44
59,735.68
113,901.59
81.8- 120.7
2154.98
176,277.36
260,106.09
120.7- 159.6
1954.37
235,892.46
311,917.45
159.6- 198.4
2054.67
327,925.33
407,646.53
198.4- 237.3
1754.53
348,098.75
416,349.97
237.3 - 276.2
1455.15
345,307.10
401,912.43
276.2 - 315.1
1643.89
454,042.42
517,989.74
315.1 - 354.0
1137.02
358,275.00
402,505.08
354.0 - 392.9
57.74
20,439.96
22,686.05
13841
2,326,938.90
2,865,148.33
TOTAL
TABLE 6 TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT FOR BOSOMKESE FOREST RESERVE
CLASS (TON / Ha)
CLASS AREA
(Ha)
LOWER LIMIT CO2 (TON)
UPPER LIMIT CO2(TON)
14.8 - 157.4
236.21
3,495.91
37,179.45
157.4 - 300.0
1392.44
219,170.06
417,732.00
300.0 - 442.6
2154.98
646,494.00
953,794.15
442.6 - 585.2
1954.37
865,004.16
1,143,697.32
585.2 - 727.8
2054.67
1,202,392.88
1,495,388.83
727.8 - 870.4
1754.53
1,276,946.93
1,527,142.91
870.4 - 1013.0
1455.15
1,266,562.56
1,474,066.95
1013.0 - 1155.6
1643.89
1,665,260.57
1,899,679.28
1155.6 - 1298.2
1137.02
1,313,940.31
1,476,079.36
1298.2 - 1440.8
57.74
74,958.07
83,191.79
TOTAL
13841
8,534,225.45
10,507,952.05
Discussions
Image Classification
From the classification results, open canopy natural forest had the largest land use/cover of 5756.38 Ha, followed
by plantation of 4380.31 Ha, next to it is closed canopy natural forest of 2938.39 Ha, with farmland of 474.64 Ha and
fallow land with least area of 291.28 Ha. These results show that reasonable amount of closed canopy natural forest
has been converted to open canopy natural forest and this indicates forest degradation. With large plantation area
within the forest reserve means the reserve is suitable for plantation development which serve as alternative to
natural forest.
Based on the area of each land use class, the highest number of sampling plots was allotted to open forest (20), next
in plantation (15), closed forest (10), farmland (3) and fallow land (2) in descending order.
Overall classification accuracy obtained was 76.0% with overall kappa statistics of 0.6830. Kappa statistic is a
measure of agreement between the reference data and the classified image (Lillesand and Kiefer, 2008).
Biomass and Carbon Stocks
Biomass of a given tree species is a function of DBH, tree height and wood density which depends on tree age,
sivilculture management practices, environmental and genetic factors (Kasischke and Christenen, 1990).
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1)
Carbon Stocks in the Three Carbon Pools
IPCC has identified six carbon pools of terrestrial ecosystem, namely the AGC, BGC, deadwood, non tree
carbon, litter and soil organic matter (Eggleston et al., 2006). This research was able to identify 3 carbon pools;
AGC, BGC and deadwood.
Aboveground carbon pool had the highest carbon of 3085.80 ton/Ha, followed by below ground with 575.35 ton
/ Ha and deadwood with least carbon of 237.09 ton/Ha. This shows that above ground carbon pool sequesters
large amount of CO2 and the least by deadwood. In this study above ground carbon pool sequesters 79.16%,
14.76% by below ground and 6.08% of carbon by deadwood.
2)
Total Carbon Stocks in the Land Use/Cover Classes
In this research, the total carbon stock is the sum of all the three carbon pools (AGC, BGC and deadwood), was
the highest in closed canopy natural forest with total carbon of 1748.37 ton/Ha, followed by open canopy
natural forest with total carbon of 1164.12 ton/Ha. The next is plantation with summed carbon of 775.0 of
ton/Ha, followed by fallow land with carbon of 110.69 ton/Ha and the least in farmland with total carbon of
45.13 ton/Ha.
The high total carbon stock of natural forest is an indication that natural forest sequesters the greatest amount of
CO2. Plantation also sequester reasonable amount of CO2 and therefore serve as an alternative to natural forest
in terms of terrestrial carbon sink.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
The research showed that closed canopy natural forest contained more carbon than the rest of the land use/cover
classes (1748.37 ton/Ha with CO2e of 6410.69 ton/Ha). This is followed by open canopy natural forest (1164.12 ton
/Ha with CO2e of 4268.44 ton/Ha), plantation (775 ton/Ha with CO2e of 2841.67 ton/Ha), fallow land (110.69 ton/Ha
with CO2e of 405.86 ton/Ha) and farmland (45.13 ton/Ha with CO2e of 165.48 ton/Ha) in descending order of total
carbon stocks and carbon dioxide equivalent respectively.
Also aboveground had more carbon (3033.69 ton/Ha) in the terrestrial carbon pools, followed by belowground
(572.53 ton/Ha) and the least in deadwood (237.09 ton/Ha).
Terrestrial carbon and its corresponding carbon dioxide equivalent were successfully estimated from forest
inventory data using allometric equations and mapped using Geostatistical tool of ArcGIS. The total carbon stock
for the whole Bosomkese forest is in the range of 2,236,938.90 2,865,148.33 tons and carbon dioxide equivalent in
the range of 8,534,225.45 10,507,952.05 tons.
Recommendations
It is recommended that:
(1) More field sample plots are to be selected in future because the geostatistical tool of ArcGIS 10.0 uses
interpolation method to determine the carbon values for unsampled points. The closer the sample plots,
the better the values for the unsampled points.
(2) Using lidar method for the biomass assessment. Lidar offers tremendous potential for monitoring forest
biomass with major advantage as the acquisition of three dimensional data of forest structure and canopy
cover.
(3) Below ground biomass values in this project depend on the aboveground ones. Below ground allometric
equation which is not function of above ground should be used in calculating BGB in future and
subsequently determine the BGC. The reason is that if a mistake is made in calculating the AGB, it is going
to affect the BGB.
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Estimation and Mapping of Carbon Stocks in Bosomkese Forest Reserve

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International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications (IJRSA) Volume 6, 2016