AIRLINE RESERVATION

SYSTEM

Project by :
Dimpy Chugh
Drishti Bhalla
Shweta Arya

OBJECTIVE OF OUR PROJECT

The Aim of our project is to design and develop a software which would automate
the major airline operations like providing the facilities for the reservation of online
air tickets or any other operations through an effective and yet simple GUI for a
normal passenger intending to travel through airways.

PROPOSED RESERVATION
SYSTEM
This Airline Reservation System Project will provide the user with the following
functions:
Flight Booking System: The system allows the airline passenger to search for
flights that are available between the two travel cities, namely the Departure city
and Arrival city for a particular departure date. The system gives the list of
available flights with certain flight details and allows customer to choose a particular
flight suiting his comforts. If the seats are available in a particular flight, then the
system allows the passenger to book a seat of his/her choice. Otherwise it asks the
user to choose another flight. He can also cancel the current reservations without
any problem.

Flight Status System: Our system allows the registered users to check the flight
status if there is any delay in their flight timings due to inclement weather or any
other reason. It automatically notifies by sending a voice message to the authorised
passengers who have their tickets booked.

 User Accounts System: Creating and maintaining an online account on the

system, in order to see status and updates on booked flights. A User can login
into his account by providing its authorised username and password and
alternatively a new user can register into the system and hence become an
authorised user.
Web Check-In: Passengers can get their boarding pass in advance through
web check in and go straight to the baggage drop-counter. This will surely save
their time.
After all the necessary details needed for reservation are provided by the
passenger, the screen then takes the traveller to confirm details and online pay the
payment by online transaction screen.

ADVANTAGES OF THE
PROPOSED SYSTEM

Results are received very quickly.

It uses concept of user friendliness.
Increases security, speed, storing and accuracy.
Customer services can not only be satisfied but also enhanced to the extent that
one can obtain or cancel a reservation from anywhere.
Managing and maintaining data becomes easier.
Provide convenience to travellers.

PROCESS MODEL
We have used LINEAR SEQUENTIAL MODEL or WATERFALL MODEL for
our system which is a software development model in which development is seen
as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of
requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing .

We have used this process model because of the following reasons: As our system proceeds from one phase to another in sequential and
systematic manner i.e. the phases are well segregated and only after the
completion of one phase, the development of software moves to the next
phase.
As our system is simple to implement and represents processes which are easy
to manage and measure.
All the requirements stated by the user are known before hand and are well
understood .
As this is a short duration project.

PROJECT SCHEDULING
The degree of rigor is a function of many project characteristics .
Various Task sets are designed to accommodate different types of projects and
different degrees of rigor.
Our project is basically a New application development project (NDev.) which
is undertaken as a consequence of a specific customer request.

Structured Degree of Rigor- The process framework activities will be applied

for this project. Framework activities and related tasks appropriate to the project
type will be applied and umbrella activities necessary to ensure high quality will
be applied. Software Quality Assurance (SQA), Software Configuration
Management (SCM), documentation, and measurement tasks will be conducted
in a streamlined manner.
Task set selector value for degree of rigor (Structured)
1.0<TSS<3.0

COMPUTING THE TASK SET

SELECTOR TABLE
ADAPTATION CRITERIA

GRADE

WEIGHT

ENTRY
POINT
MULTIPLIER
NDEV.
1
1
1
1

PRODUCT

Size of project
Number of users
Business criticality
Longevity

2
2
1
2

1.20
1.10
1.10
0.90

Stability of requirements

1.20

2.40

Ease of communication

0.90

0.90

Maturity of technology

0.90

0.00

Performance constraints

0.80

1.60

Embedded
Project staffing
Interoperability

2
1
0

1.20
1.00
1.10

1
1
1

2.40
1.00
0.00

Reengineering factors

1.20

0.00

Task set selector(TSS)

Task set selector (TSS) = [ (Product)]/12]

=[15.8/12]
= 1.32

2.40
2.20
1.10
1.80

1.32

HARDWARE INTERFACES
Our software is compatible with Microsoft Windows based machines.
The database connectivity requires a hardware configuration with a fast
database system running on hard-disk permitting back-up systems to support
the primary goal of reliability.
The system must interface with the standard output device, keyboard and
mouse to interact with the software.

SOFTWARE INTERFACES
FRONT END DESCRIPTION
The Front End for ARS is designed using HTML. The front end contains a
very user-friendly interface.
It contains various screens such as 1. Login
2. Registration
3. Online Reservation
4. Reservation Form
5. Online Transaction
6. Flight Status
7. Web Check-In
8. Cancel Reservation.

Screen Name
Login

Description
Allows to login as an administrator or a user.

Registration

Interface for registering a new member.

Online Reservation

Allows user to search flights by specifying

journey details and accordingly reserve
seats.
Asks for user details and preferred seat
location for booking.

Reservation Form
Online Transaction

Enables the user to make online payment by

providing card details.

Flight Status

Accepts flight details as input and display

current status of flight in accordance with
them.

Web Check-in

Allow to acquire a print of boarding pass by

verifying reservation details.

Cancel Reservation

Interface which enables the user to cancel

reservation by providing e-ticket number.

SCREEN 1
LOGIN SYSTEM

SCREEN 2
REGISTRATION

SCREEN 3
ONLINE RESERVATION

SCREEN 4
RESERVATION FORM

SCREEN 5
ONLINE TRANSACTION

SCREEN 6
FLIGHT STATUS

SCREEN 7
WEB-CHECK IN

SCREEN 8
CANCEL RESERVATION

 BACK END DESCRIPTION

The Back End for ARS is designed using MS Access. This includes passenger,
reservation, flights, flight status, account info, web check-in, payment and
cancellation relations.
The account info relation contains the information of the users like its valid
username and password, first name, last name, email-id, contact no and gender.
The passenger relation will contain unique e-ticket number, first name, last
name, gender, D.O.B, seat no, flight no, departure date, e-contact no, booking
username.
The flights relation contains the information about all the flights available
between different cities such as flight number, the two cities to which the flight
connects i.e. the origin and destination, total seats and the days on which it flies.

 The web check-in relation includes the e-ticket number corresponding to which
the boarding pass has been printed.
The reservation relation will include the e-ticket numbers corresponding to which
reservations have been made.
The payment relation contains the transaction Id, the total fare calculated and the
username using which the booking was done.
The cancellation relation consists of e-ticket numbers corresponding to which the
reservations have been cancelled due to some reasons and the amount refunded to
the user.
The flight status relation contains flight no, status, departure date, arrival date,
scheduled departure and arrival time and estimated/actual departure and arrival
time of different available flights.

DATA DICTIONARY
ACCOUNT INFO
SNO.

Attributes

Data Type

Field Length

Constraints

Description

USERNAME

Alpha-numeric

20

Primary Key

A name that
Uniquely identifies
each user.

PASSWORD

Alpha-numeric

20

Not Null

Password of the User

for secure account.

FIRST NAME

String

20

Not Null

First Name of the User.

LAST NAME

String

20

Not Null

Last Name of the User.

GENDER

Character

Not Null

Gender of the
User.

CONTACT NO.

Numeric

20

Not Null

Contact Number
Of Passenger.

E-MAIL ID

Alpha-numeric

20

E -Mail Address
Of the User.

PASSENGER
SNO.

Attributes

Data Type

Field Length

Constraints

Description

E-TICKET NUMBER Numeric

10

Primary Key

FIRST NAME

String

20

Not Null

LAST NAME

String

20

Not Null

GENDER

Character

Not Null

DOB

Numeric

20

Not Null

BOOKING_USERN
AME

Alpha-numeric

20

Foreign Key

FLIGHT NUMBER

Alpha-numeric

10

Foreign Key

SEAT NUMBER

Integer

Not Null

DEPARTURE DATE

Numeric

20

Not Null

10

E-CONTACT NO.

Numeric

20

Not Null

Unique Ticket No.

generated at the time
of reservation.
First Name of the
Passenger.
Last Name of the
Passenger.
Gender of the
Passenger.
Date of Birth
of Passenger .
A unique username
under which
reservations(s) were
made.
Unique Id /No. of a
Particular Flight.
Specific number
for identification of
every seat.
Date of Departure of
Flight.
Emergency Contact
Number Of Passenger.

RESERVATION
SNO.
1

Attributes
Data type
E-TICKET NUMBER Numeric

Field length
10

Constraints
Primary Key, Foreign
Key

Description
Unique Ticket No.
generated at the
time of reservation.

FLIGHT
SNO.

Attributes

Data Type

Field Length

Constraints

Description

FLIGHT NUMBER

Alpha-numeric

10

Primary Key

ORIGIN

String

20

Not Null

DESTINATION

String

20

Not Null

TOTAL SEATS

Numeric

Not Null

DAYS

String

10

Not Null

Unique Id /No. of a
Particular Flight.
The Place From Where
The Flight Will Depart.
The Place Where The
Flight is Destined to
Reach.
Total No. of Seats in a
Particular Flight.
Days when the flight
departs.

WEB CHECK-IN
SNO.

Attributes

Data type

E-TICKET NUMBER Numeric

Field length

Constraints

Description

10

Primary Key, Foreign Key Unique Ticket No.

generated at the
time of reservation.

PAYMENT
SNO.

Attributes

Data type

Field length

Constraints

Description

TRANSACTION ID

Alpha-numeric

20

Primary Key

Unique Id generated
at the time of
payment.

BOOKING_USERNA Alpha-numeric
ME

20

Foreign Key

TOTAL FARE
GENERATED

10

Not Null

A unique username
under which
reservations(s) were
made.
Total Price of the
Reservations made.

Integer

CANCELLATION
SNO.
1

Attributes
Data type
E-TICKET NUMBER Numeric

Field length
10

REFUNDED
AMOUNT

10

Integer

Constraints
Description
Primary Key, Foreign Key Unique Ticket No.
generated at the
time of reservation.
Amount refunded(if
any ) to the user.

FLIGHT STATUS
SNO.
1

Attributes
FLIGHT NUMBER

Data Type
Alpha-numeric

Field Length
10

DEPARTURE DATE

Numeric

20

Constraints
Primary Key, Foreign
Key
Primary Key

ARRIVAL DATE

Numeric

20

Not Null

SCHEDULED
DEPARTURE TIME
SCHEDULED
ARRIVAL TIME
ESTIMATED
/ACTUAL
DEPARTURE TIME
ESTIMATED
/ACTUAL ARRIVAL
TIME
STATUS

Timestamp

10

Not Null

Timestamp

10

Not Null

Timestamp

10

Not Null

Timestamp

10

Not Null

String

30

Not Null

5
6

Description
Unique Id /No. of a
Particular Flight.
Date of Departure of
Flight.
Date of Arrival of Flight.
Time when the Flight is
scheduled to depart.
Time when the Flight is
scheduled to arrive.
Time when the Flight is
estimated to depart or
departed.
Time when the Flight is
estimated to arrive or
arrived.
Status of the Flight.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of
data through an information system. A DFD is created to provide an
overview of the system.

CONTEXT LEVEL DIAGRAM

LEVEL -1 DFD

LEVEL -2 DFD OF LOGIN

LEVEL -2 DFD OF ONLINE

RESERVATION

LEVEL -2 DFD OF ONLINE

TRANSACTION

LEVEL -2 DFD OF WEB CHECK -IN

LEVEL -2 DFD OF FLIGHT STATUS

LEVEL-2 DFD OF CANCELLATION

FUNCTION POINT METRICS

Function-point (FP) metric can be used effectively as a means for measuring the
functionality delivered by a system.
Information
Domain Value
Number of external inputs
Number of external outputs
Number of external inquiries
Number of internal logical files
Number of external interfaces

Weighting Factor
Count
Average
45
10
3
1
1

X
X
X
X
X

4
5
4
10
7

=
=
=
=
=

180
50
12
10
7

Count total------------------------------------------------------------------------------> 259

(Fi) = (2+2+0+0+2+4+2+2+0+0+2+2+2+0) = 20
FP = count total x [0.65+0.01 x (Fi)]
= 220.15

EFFORT ESTIMATION
The COCOMO model or the Constructive Cost Model is a method for evaluating
and estimating the cost /effort of software development product based on inputs
relating to the size of the software and a number of scale factors that effect
productivity.
COMPLEXITY WEIGHTING TABLE

OBJECT TYPE

NUMBER OF
INSTANCES

Screens

16

Reports

Objects
Point (Total)

COMPLEXITY WEIGHT:
MEDIUM

21

NOP = (Object points) x [(100-%reuse)/100]

= 21 x [(100-0)/100]
= 21 x 1
=21

[NOP = new object points]

[%reuse = 0]

PRODUCTIVITY RATES TABLE

Developers experience/capability

Low

Environment maturity/capability

Low

PROD

The Productivity rate for different levels of developer experience and development
environment maturity is Low that is 7.
Estimated effort = NOP/PROD
= 21/7
= 3 person-month

RISK ANALYSIS
A risk analysis is a series of steps that help a software team to understand and
manage uncertainty.
A risk is a potential problem which should be identified, its probability of
occurrence should be assessed, its impact should be estimated and a contingency
plan should be prepared.
DEVELOPING A RISK TABLE
RISK NAME

CATEGORY

PROBABILITY

IMPACT

Staff
inexperienced

ST

50%

Delivery deadline
will be tightened

BU

60%

Customer will
change
requirements

PS

20%

WHITE- BOX TESTING

White-box testing, sometimes called glass-box testing is a test case design method
that uses the control structure of the procedural design to derive test cases.
ALGORITHM FOR LOGIN SCREEN
1. Identify role.
2. If role = administrator and username and password are valid
Then
3. Proceed to administrator functions
Else
4. If role = user and username and password are valid
Then
5. Proceed to either online reservation screen or cancel reservation screen or Flight
status screen
Else
6. Display error message
7. Else If user has no account and registration details entered are valid
Then
8. Create account and then login
Else
9. Display error message and enter the details again

FLOW CHART OF LOGIN SCREEN

FLOW GRAPH OF LOGIN SCREEN

CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY
1. Number of regions of flow graph = 6
2. V (G) = E-N+2
[where E = no. of edges, N = no. of nodes]
= 15-11+2
[where E = 15, N = 11]
= 6.
3. V (G) = P+1
[where P = predicate nodes]
= 5+1
[where P = 5(1, 2, 3, 6, 10)]
=6
Therefore, the Cyclomatic Complexity of the flow graph is 6.

TEST CASES
Test case ID

Input value

Actual output

1.

For user
Username U
Password xxxxxx
(valid input)

2.

For user
Username U
Password xxxxxx
(invalid input)

3.

For administrator
Username U
Password xxxxxx
(valid input)

4.

For administrator
Username U
Password xxxxx
(invalid input)

5.

For new user

Enter Registration details
(valid input)

To be observed after
execution

6.

For new user

Enter details
(Invalid input)

To be observed after
execution

Expected output

To be observed after
execution

Proceed to online
reservation or cancel
reservation or flight status.

To be observed after
execution

Display error message

and login again.

To be observed after
execution

To be observed after
execution

Proceed to administrator
functions.

Display error message

and login again.
Account created and
proceed to login.
Display error message.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach by R. S. Pressman,
McGraw-Hill, Ed-7, 2010.
An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering by P. Jalote, Narosa
Publishing House, Ed-3, 2011.

THANK YOU!!!