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Inzego zitandukanye ndetse nabantu ku giti cyabo bagiye bakora

ubushakashatsi ku ndangagaciro zumuco nyarwanda, ariko hakomeza


kugaragazwa icyifuzo ko habaho inyandiko imwe ikubiyemo ibitekerezo
byingenzi ku ndangagaciro abantu bahurizaho.

REPUBULIKA
PUBU
PUBULIKA
ULIKA YURWANDA
YURWAND
YURW

Inteko Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco, ishingiye ku nshingano zayo,


yasuzumye izo nyandiko, irazihuza kandi yongeramo numwihariko
wayo, maze yandika igitabo yise INDANGAGACIRO ZUMUCO WU
RWANDA; ikaba inejejwe no kukigeza ku Banyarwanda nabakunda
umuco wu Rwanda bose.
Iki gitabo ni ikusanyirizo riboneye ryibitekerezo ku ndangaciro zumuco
wu Rwanda bikomoka ku bushakashatsi bunyuranye, ari ubwa kera ari
nubwubu.
Inteko yahise ishaka kumenya bimwe na bimwe mu byakozwe muri
ubwo bushakashatsi, byaba ibitabo, cyangwa inyandiko zindi zihariye.
Zimwe muri izo nyandiko zibanze zifashishijwe ni izi :
Indangagaciro zingenzi mu muco Nyarwanda yakozwe nInteko
Izirikana;
Indangagaciro zUmuco Nyarwanda mu Iterambere yakozwe
nItorero ryIgihugu;
Raporo ku ndangagaciro zumuco nyarwanda zigomba gutezwa
imbere nimyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe
iterambere rirambye ryu Rwanda nAbanyarwanda yakozwe na
Unity Club.
Uburere mboneragihugu kuri demokarasi namatora mu Rwanda
yakozwe na Komisiyo yAmatora.

INTEKO
NTE
EKO NYARWANDA
NYARWANDA
YURURIMI NUMUCO

O
R
I
C
A
AG
G
N
A
D
IN
UCO
ZUM
ANDA
W
R
U

BAN
I
O
ISH
G
I
Y
AN
H
S
A
IMF

Indangagaciro na kirazira zatoranijwe ni izishobora gushingirwaho muri


iki gihe mu kuboneza uburezi nuburere mu muryango, bigamije kubaka
Umunyarwanda ufite imbaraga, akura mu muco zo kwiha agaciro no
kwihutisha iteramberere ryIgihugu; Umunyarwanda ushobora guhanga
ibikorwa byumwimerere no guhiganwa imbere mu Gihugu no mu
mahanga.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

ZA

Kigali, Gicurasi 2013

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

IJAMBO RYIBANZE
Nyuma yigihe kirekire Abanyarwanda bingeri zose bayifuza, Inteko
Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco yashyizweho nItegeko Nshinga
rya Repubulika yu Rwanda ryo ku wa 4 Kamena 2003, nkuko
ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ngingo yaryo ya 50. Iyi ngingo yunganiwe
nItegeko No 01/2010 ryo ku wa 29/01/2010 rigena Inshingano,
Imiterere nImikorere byInteko Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco.
Aya mategeko yombi yemeza uburenganzira bwumwenegihugu ku
biteza imbere umuco1 kandi agaha iyi Nteko inshingano rusange yo
kurengera no guteza imbere ururimi numuco2 byu Rwanda.
Zimwe mu nshingano zihariye zayo nkuko tuzisanga mu ngingo ya 5 yiri
tegeko No 01/2010:
i.

kwemeza amahame shingiro yumuco wu Rwanda nkisoko


ninkingi byamajyambere aramba;

ii.

kwemeza indangagaciro zumuco nyarwanda no kugaragaza


uruhare rwazo mu bumenyi rusange;

iii.

guharanira ko umuco wu Rwanda uhorana agaciro ukwiye


mu burezi nuburere byumuryango nyarwanda muri rusange
nibyurubyiruko byumwihariko;

iv.

kurengera ubusugire bwumuco wu Rwanda mu ruhando


rwimico yahandi;3

Inteko Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco yemera ko iterambere ridashingiye


ku muco riba rimeze nkinzu itagira umusingi.
Koko rero, Inama Mpuzamahanga ku Iterambere ryUmuco yabereye
i Mexico mu 1982 yagaragaje ko amajyambere adashingiye ku muco
wigihugu ataramba.
1 Ingingo ya 50 yItegeko Nshinga.
2 Ingingo ya 5, 10 yItegeko No 01/2010 ryo kuwa 29/01/2010
3 Ingingo ya 5, 130, 140, 150, 160 yItegeko No 01/2010 ryo ku wa 29/01/2010

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

IBIRIMO

INAMA ZUMUHANZI SIPIRIYANI RUGAMBA.


IKIVI

UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANUROBYAMAGAMBO

12

1.1. UMUCO

12

1.2. INDANGAGACIRO

14

1.3. IKIZIRA

15

Usoze ibyanjye kandi uterure ibyawe,

1.4. INDINDAGACIRO

16

Mwana wanjye

UMUTWE WA KABIRI:

17

INDANGAGACIRO ZUMUCO WU RWANDA

17

2.1. KUBAHA IMANA

17

2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana

17

2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha Imana

18

2.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU

18

2.2.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bakunda Igihugu

18

2.2.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no gukunda Igihugu

19

2.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu

21

2.3. KUBAHA UMURYANGO

22

2.3.1. Umuryango

22

2.3.2.. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha umuryango


2.3.2

22

2.3.3. Kirazira kwangiza umubano mu bantu

23

2.4 KUBAHA UBUZIMA

24

2.4.1 Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzima

24

Urumve shami nashibutse,...


Uzase nanjye, urenzeho
Unsumbye,
Ndabigusabye

Jya utuganya utwaza.


NTUMPEHO
Umuco mwiza wakureze,
Ntugatume udindira.
Mu byabandi jya utoranya ibyiza,
ibifutamye ujugunye.
Niba urabukwa ibyahandi
Ugata nurwo wambaye,
Ntumpeho.
UMUCO WACU
Uwanga umuco wamubyaye
Asa nishami ryihakana aho ryatoshye.
Umwana mwiza ni umwe uvuga
Ivuko ryiza ryamubyaye,
Agahora arisingiza.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

2.4.2 Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha ubuzima

25

2.5. KUGIRA UMUTIMA

26

2.5.1 Kugira umutima ni iki ku munyarwanda?

26

2.5.2 Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kugira umutima

27

2.6. KUGIRA UBUPFURA

28

2.6.1. Ubupfura

28

2.6.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano n ubupfura

28

2.7. KUNGA UBUMWE

31

2.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe

31

2.7.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kunga ubumwe

32

2.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO

33

2.8.1.
2.8.
1.

Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo

33

2.8.2.
2.8.
2.

Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no gukunda umurimo

34

2.8.3. Kirazira kudaha agaciro umurimo

36

2.9. KWAGURA AMAREMBO

36

UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO NINGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA


NO KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO ZUMUCO WU RWANDA
HAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYE

39

3.1. INGERO ZIBYAGEZWEHO

39

3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA

40

3.3.

Abafite uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza


indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere
riramba.

43

UMWANZURO

45

IBITABO
BITABO NINYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE

46

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Imico cyangwa imyitwarire mibi Umunyarwanda wese agomba kuyirinda


akanayirinda abandi;
Ikizira Umunyarwanda akigendera kure kugira ngo akomeze
kuba umuntu mu bandi, ibyo bigatuma agira ubumuntu,
agakunda icyiza, kandi akanga ikibi;
Kwirinda ikizira bituma umuntu yihesha agaciro mu bandi.
1.4. INDINDAGACIRO

Indindagaciro ni umurinzi windangagaciro uhoraho uko ibihe bizagenda


biha ibindi, zigaragarira cyane cyane mu bizira nibiziririzwa mu muco
wu Rwanda.
Indindagaciro zisigasira indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda , zikadufasha
mu myitwarire yacu, mu kugirira akamaro abandi nIgihugu no kwirengera
ubwacu.

Ni byo Perezida wa Repubulika, Nyakubahwa Paul


yatwibukije agira ati:

KAGAME,

[...]Mu Rwanda hari imbaraga nyinshi tutarashobora gukoresha


uko bikwiye ngo tuzibyaze umusaruro ugaragara.
Hari imbaraga twavana mu muco wacu, uduhuza, ukatugira
umwe, ukaduha byinshi dusangiye.
Uyu muco kandi uba ukwiye kutuyobora, ukatwereka uko dukwiye
kwifata nuko dukwiye guhangana nibibazo biriho nibizaza.4
Tuboneyeho gushishikariza buri Munyarwanda, aho ari hose, kwihatira
kurangwa nizi ndangagaciro kuko ari zo shingiro ninkingi byiterambere
ryIgihugu cyacu.

Intiti NIYOMUGABO Cyprien


Intebe y Inteko Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco.

Kuzirengaho bitesha agaciro nyirubwite, umuryango nIgihugu.

4 Ijambo risoza Inama yUmushyikirano yo kuwa 28 Ukuboza 2007.

16

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

INTANGIRIRO

buri muryango, bitewe nimibereho wihariye cyangwa amateka yawo


hamwe ninyungu zawo bwite, ugira indangagaciro zumwihariko
wawo.8

AMAVU NAMAVUKO YIKI GITABO


Iki gitabo cyanditswe mu gihe u Rwanda rwibaza ku birebana numuco
wumuryango nyarwanda kandi rukaba rwifuza kuwushingiraho
iterambere; kuko byagaragaye ko iterimbere ryose ryIgihugu rishingiye
ku muco riramba. Kandi birazwi neza ko iterambere iyo ryihuta rigasiga
umuco risenyuka vuba.
Hashize igihe kirekire Abanyarwanda bagerageza gukemura ibibazo
bijyanye niterambere kandi bikaba bigira ingaruka ku muco cyane cyane
ku rubyiruko.
Mu burezi, imfashanyigisho zigamije guteza imbere umuco ntizihagije.
Umwana ashobora kwiga amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, akarinda
arangiza kaminuza adasobanukiwe neza umuco umuranga
nkUmunyarwanda.
Iki gitabo cyanditswe kandi mu gihe u Rwanda rwafashe gahunda
ihamye yo kureba ibyaba byaribagiranye mu muco bishobora kugirira
umumaro bene byo, ariko bikaba byitwa ibya kera.
Hari kandi ubushake bwo gufasha Umunyarwanda kugira uruhare mu
bikorwa ndangamuco bigamije guteza imbere Igihugu n umwenegihugu:
-

Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika yu Rwanda ryo kuwa 4 Kamena


2003, nkuko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ngingo yaryo ya
50 rishyiraho Inteko Nyarwanda yUrurimi nUmuco ishinzwe
kurengera no guteza imbere ururimi numuco byu Rwanda.
Ingingo ya 186 yiryo Tegeko ishyiraho Urwego rushinzwe Intwari
zIgihugu, Imidari nImpeta byishimwe rugamije kwimakaza
umuco wubutwari mu muryango nyarwanda.

Muri Komisiyo yIgihugu Ishinzwe Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG),


basobanuye indangagaciro bagira bati: Indangagaciro zumuco
nyarwanda zari imigenzo myiza yimbonezabupfura Abanyarwanda
bose bari bahuriyeho kandi bagombaga kubahiriza kugira ngo babashe
kubahana, kubana neza, gusobeka ubumwe, kubana mu mahoro no
kugira ishema, ishyaka, icyubahiro nigitinyiro.
Kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bagire Indangagaciro basangiye kandi
banagire uburyo bunoze bwo kuzitoza abato, bari barashyizeho irerero
(Itorero) ribatoza hanashyirwaho umurongo wo kurinda izo Ndangagaciro.
Itorero ryari irerero abakurambere bAbanyarwanda bihangiye bashingiye
ku mibereho, imibanire nimitekerereze gakondo no ku biranga umuco
wigihugu cyu Rwanda, bagamije gutoza Abanyarwanda imyumvire,
imyifatire nimyitwarire iboneye ndetse nimigenzo myiza byimakaza
ubumwe, ubwangamugayo, amahoro, ituze numutekano mu muryango
mugari wAbanyarwanda.
Dusoze tuvuga ko:
Indangagaciro ari ibimenyetso- ngiro, ni imyifatire myiza
igaragaza cyangwa se iranga abantu batuye Igihugu iki niki;
Indangagaciro ari ibikorwa ndangamuco abanyagihugu bemera,
bogeza kandi bifuza ko byahora bibaranga, bikanabitirirwa uko
ibihe biha ibindi;
Indangaciro ari amahame yuburere atozwa abana bumuryango
runaka.
1.3. IKIZIRA
Mu Bumenyamuntu, ikizira ni Umuntu, inyamaswa, ikintu kitemerewe
ko bagikoraho kuko kiba gifite, mu gihe runaka, ububasha buturutse ku
Mana babona ko bwakora ku muntu cyangwa bwamuhumanya.
Mu Rwanda:
Rwanda:

Koko rero, umuco wu Rwanda ugomba gutezwa imbere, indangagaciro


na kirazira byawo bikamenyekana, bikigishwa Abanyarwanda bose,

10

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

8 Mukamurenzi,B.,Education aux valeurs thiques et culturelles dans le renforcement de


lidentit rwandaise: cas de la valeur dubupfura, Huye dcembre 2008, p.21
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

15

maze bazigire izabo bityo biborohere kuzigeraho kandi zirambe, ni


ngombwa ko gahunda zose zamajyambere zishingira ku muco wu
Rwanda. Byagaragaye ko gahunda zishingiye ku muco zirushaho
kwihuta no kuramba;
Umuco ugomba kuba imwe mu nzira zubukungu; ugakiza umuhanzi
kandi ukongera umutungo wIgihugu biciye mu bukerarugendo
ninganda ndangamuco.
Ingero zumuvuduko wterambere rishingiye ku muco:
- Ibihugu byAziya yamajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba:
Maleziya, Singapuru .
- U Rwanda : imihigo mu Turere nInkiko Gacaca.

cyane cyane urubyiruko. Ni muri urwo rwego, Inteko Nyarwanda


yUrurimi numuco yanditse igitabo cyitwa Indangagaciro zumuco wu
Rwanda. Imfashanyigisho ibanza
INTEGO ZIGITABO
Inteko yifuza ko iki gitabo cyaba igisubizo kuri buri munyarwanda nundi
wese wifuzaga kubona imfashanyigisho ku muco wu Rwanda.
Iki gitabo kirasesengura umuco wu Rwanda cyerekana imyumvire,
imitekerereze, imikorere nimibanire byUmuryango wAbanyarwanda
byaje guhinduka indangagaciro na kirazira bibaranga, nkuko byagiye
bihinduka mu mateka yIgihugu.
IMITERERE YIGITABO

1.2. INDANGAGACIRO

Iki gitabo kigizwe nibice bitatu bitandukanye ariko byuzuzanya byose


bigamije gusesengura indangagaciro na kirazira dusanga mu muco
wAbanyarwanda.

Mu byukuri, ntibyoroshye gutandukanya Umuco nIndangagaciro


ziwugize, kuko ahanini umuco wabantu ugaragarira mu ndangagaciro
ziwuranga.

Umutwe wa mbere: Ibisobanuro byamagambo yingenzi

Ariko byabaye ngombwa ko dutanga ibisobanuro byaya magambo


yombi yingenzi akubiye muri iki gitabo kugira ngo abasomyi barusheho
kuyasobanukirwa.

Uyu mutwe wa mbere ukubiyemo ibisobanuro byamagambo yingenzi


yakoreshejwe muri iki gitabo. Hasobanuwe ijambo umuco, indangagaciro
na kirazira.

Duhereye ku Inkoranya ya Filozofiya, Indangagaciro ni ikintu umuntu


abona ko gikwiye gushimwa kandi giha ubuzima bwe umurongo
uboneye , ni igitekerezo kiba nkitegeko mu mibanire yabantu, kigaha
imyitwarire yabantu amategeko ngenderwaho mu muryango.7

Umutwe wa kabiri: Indangagaciro zUmuco wu Rwanda

Mukamurenzi B. we avuga ko:


Iyo bavuze indangagaciro, twumva igikorwa cyose cyimibereho
yabantu cyangwa cyumuco kinogeye ubwenge, kamere muntu kandi
gitanga igisubizo cyukuri ku bibazo bya benshi mu bagize umuryango
wabantu.
Indangagaciro zijyana nibihe kandi zituma umuntu abaho mu mutuzo
muri we no mu mibano ye nabandi.
Nubwo aho habaho indangagaciro rusange imiryango yose isangiye,
7 Dictionnaire de Philosophie, Lalande, 2005 p.324

14

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Uyu mutwe ufite umwihariko wo gusesengura indangagaciro remezo


nizindi ndangagaciro zifitanye isano nazo Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho,
bibonamo yewe zikabaha akarangamuntu kihariye ari nazo twibandaho
kuko arizo musemburo nimbaraga zubaka Umunyarwanda ufite
agaciro, zigahesha ishema Igihugu.
Uyu mutwe uragenda ugaruka kandi ku ndindagaciro zirengera umuco,
ziwurinda ibyuririzi byingeso mbi.
Umutwe wa gatatu: Ingamba zafatwa
Uyu mutwe urerekana ingamba zingenzi zikwiye gufatwa kugira ngo
gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco wu
Rwanda irusheho kwihuta.
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

11

UMUTWE WA MBERE: IBISOBANURO BYAMAGAMBO

Uko ibihe bisimburana mu mateka yumuryango wabantu, umuco


wiyubaka mu buryo butatu:

1.1. UMUCO

- Umurage: ni ibyo abasekuru badusigiye kandi tugenderaho: ibyivugo,


ibisigo, amazina yinka, ubudehe, gusaba no gukwa, gushyingira no
gutwikurura umugeni, guhemba umubyeyi, gusohora no kwita umwana
izina, iyobokamana, imitekerereze, imikorere, imyitwarire nibindi;

Bimaze kugaragara ko gusobanura umuco bitoroshye; abashakashatsi


bagiye batanga ibisobanuro byumuco binyuranye kandi byuzuzanya.
Dufatemo bike:
Kamanzi Thomas yasobanuye ko ijambo umuco rituruka ku nshinga
guca nkuko bavuga bati: uyu mwana afite ingeso nziza aca kuri se;
ngo iriya nka ica gukamwa kuri nyirakuru. Ibi bikaba byasobanura ko
umuco ari ibyo dukomora ku bandi cyangwa dusangiye nabo.5
UNESCO ivuga ko umuco ari uruhurirane rwuburyo nubushobozi
abantu bubaka amateka yimibereho nimibanire byabo bahereye ku
bumenyi bakomora ku basekuru nabasekuruza babo. Ubwo bumenyi
bugaragarira mu bimenyetso byubugeni, ubuhanzi, ururimi namarenga
bakoresha mu kuganira no guhererekanya amakuru cyangwa
gutumanaho. Ibyo byose bikababera nkigicumbi shingiro cyimihango
nimigenzo bemeranywaho, ibafasha kubaho no kwitwara neza ndetse
no gukora ibikwiye mu muryango wabo. 6
Twongereho ko umuco ari wo shingiro remezo ryubumwe
bwabenegihugu kuko bawusangiye, ukabaranga.Umuco ni ishingiro
ryituze mu muryango wabantu kuko uhuza abenegihugu mu mikorere,
mu mihango, mu migenzo no mu bihangano byabo. Umuco niwo uyobora
abawusangiye mu ruhando rwamahanga, bigatuma abenegihugu bagira
uko bateye nimyifatire ibatandukanya nabandi.

- Ibitirano ni ibyo tuvana mu mico yibindi bihugu ariko bifitiye


Abanyarwanda akamaro:
Nkamagambo ava mu ndimi zamahanga: demokarasi, depite,
minisitiri, ishuri;
Nkibikorwa twiganye: gutora abayobozi, niyabacamanza;
Nkiyobokamana rishya rishingiye ku madini: abagatolika,
abaporotesitanti, abadive, abayisilamu, imirimo yabapadiri,
abapasitori, ya bamufuti;
Nkimikorere mishya: kuzirika umugozi mu mutwe uhetse ikivomesho,
imirimo yumuvunyi nibindi.
- Ibihangano ni ibyo abantu bahanga bigamije gusubiza ibibazo barimo:
Bishobora gushingira ku murage nkibikorwa cyangwa imirimo
itandukanye: inkiko gacaca, imihigo, umuganda, ingando, ubudehe;
Cyangwa bigashingira ku bitirano bivanze numurage: nko mu
rwego rwa muzika, ikinamico, umutekano mu baturanyi;
Ndetse hakaba nubwo ari igihangano cyumwimerere: Abunzi.

Umuco wumuntu ntuvukanwa, utandukanye na kamere muntu kuko


ari imyitwarire, imitekerereze, ubumenyi, imyemerere umuntu agenda
ahererekanya nabandi bitewe nahantu batuye, amateka yabo
nibibakikije. Umuco twawita indangagihugu akaba ariyo mpamvu
bavuga ngo: Agahugu umuco, akandi umuco.
5 Byavuzwe nInteko izirikana mu gitabo Indangagaciro zingenzi mu Muco Nyarwanda, Agatabo ka
mbere, Nzeli 2008, p.9.
6 Unesco, Dclaration de Mexico sur les Politiques Culturelles, Mexico City ,26 Juillet- 6 Aot 1982.

12

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Iyo witegereje ibi byose, usanga umuco ufite inshingano ebyiri zingenzi
mu iterambere ryIgihugu:
Kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bumve intera zitandukanye ziterambere
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

13

buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kirazira kubavutsa ubuzima, kutabitaho


mu gihe babikeneye, bari mu zabukuru, barwaye cyangwa bafite izindi
ngorane.

UMUTWE WA KABIRI:
INDANGAGACIRO ZUMUCO WU RWANDA

Mu rwego rwumubano wabantu nabandi, kirazira kubeshya no


kubeshyera, guhemuka, kurenganya no kwambura, kugambana,
kwirata no gusuzugura. Kirazira kandi kuvugaguzwa, kuvuga impuha,
gutera urubwa, kubeshyerana, kwirata no gusuzugura, kutoroherana,
kudatabarana, kugambana, no guhemuka, nibindi.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, uyu mutwe ufite umwihariko wo gusesengura


indangagaciro Abanyarwanda bahuriyeho kandi bibonamo. Ni zo
zibatandukanya nabanyamahanga zikagira uruhare mu iterambere
ryIgihugu.

Kirazira gusenya umubano nabandi ukurura amacakubiri ashingiye


ku myemerere, ku gitsina, ku moko, ku karere, ku ibara ryuruhu, ku
mutungo nibindi.

Izo ndangagaciro remezo zigaragarira mu myemerere, mu myumvire,


mu migenzereze, mu mivugire no mu mibanire byAbanyarwanda.
Izo ndangagaciro zirimo ibyiciro bibiri: indangagaciro remezo ari zo
ndangagaciro zingenzi nizindi ndangagaciro zizishamikiyeho.

2.4 KUBAHA UBUZIMA


2.4.1 Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha ubuzima
Mu muco wu Rwanda kugira ubuzima ni indangagaciro mpuzabantu
kuko ubwo buzima umuntu abwifuriza abandi; akabuhabwa nabandi
nawe akabuha abandi.
Kugira ubuzima bisobanura kugubwa neza, kuramba no kurama;
ubuzima burangwa no kugira impagarike nubugingo. Abanyarwanda
mu mibanire yabo ya buri munsi baba bifurizanya ubuzima bwiza:
a) Kuramukanya
Waramutse/waramutseho, waraye, wiriwe/wiriweho, uraho, urakoma,
urakomeye;
b) Gusezera
Wirirwe/wirirweho, uririrwe/uririrweho, uramuke/uramukeho, uramuke
neza, uramuke amahoro; urare aharyana, ahataryana harare umwanzi;
urote Imana; ubeho, ubeho neza, urabeho, ugende amahoro, Imana
ikurinde, Imana ikuragire; ugire impagarike;

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

2.1. KUBAHA IMANA


2.1.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana
Abanyarwanda bubaha Imana mu buryo budashidikanywa, ndetse
bakayita Imana yi Rwanda. Babigaragariza mu buzima bwabo bwa
buri munsi: mu mazina bayita, mu migani baca, mu mazina bita
abana babo no mu burere bwabo.
a) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana itagira intangiriro ntigire niherezo:
Shyerezo, Iyakare, Iyambere, Maniraho;
b) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo yahanze byose: Rugira,
Rurema, Habarurema, Habarugira;
c) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo itanga byose: Itangishaka,
Ntigura; Ntigurirwa, Imana iraguha ntimugura, iyo muguze
iraguhenda;
d) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana izi byose kandi itabeshya:
Bizimana, Niyibizi, Ntihinyurwa; Imana ntifatana ku maso,
irahamya;
e) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana iragira byose kandi irusha byose
imbaraga: Agati gateretswe nImana ntigahungabanywa
numuyaga,
Imana
imena
impigi,
Niyitunga,
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

17

Niragire,Ndagijimana;
f) Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana itera inkunga ibikorwa byabantu:
Imana ifasha uwifashishe, Abagiye inama, Imana irabasanga,
Niyitanga, Manirafasha;
g) Abanyarwanda babuza uwo Imana yafashije kuba yakwishyira
hejuru: Uwo Imana ihaye irobe, agira ngo arusha abandi
guhinga, Ukwerewe nImana, agira ngo yakwerewe na se,
Mukeshimana.

c) Kubahana
Mu muryango, umugabo numugore bafite inshingano yo kubahana, ibyo
bigatuma barushaho kumvikana. Ubwubahane ni ukwemera ko abagize
umuryango bashobora kugira ibitekerezo bitandukanye ariko babihuza
bikaba imbarutso yiterambere. Abana ni ejo hazaza hIgihugu, bagomba
gukura batozwa kubaha ababyeyi, abakuru muri rusange, kwiyubaha bo
ubwabo, kubaha abo baruta nabo bangana.
d) Kugira ubwuzu nurugwiro

2.1.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha Imana


a) Amahoro
Abanyarwanda bazi ko Imana ari yo itanga amahoro (amahoro mu mutima
kuri buri muntu namahoro yo mu muryango muto, mugari nayigihugu).

Abagize umuryango bakwiye kurangwa nubwuzu nurugwiro


mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Bakwiye kwakira neza no
kugoboka ababagana bose kuko urugo ari urugendwa. Urukundo
rwabashakanye ntirukwiye gusaza.
2.3.3. Kirazira kwangiza umubano mu bantu

b) Umugisha nihirwe
Abanyarwanda bemera ko umugisha nihirwe biva ku Mana. Ibi kandi ni
nabyo bifurizanya bakanabisaba Imana.
c) Ubumuntu
Abanyarwanda bemera ko umuntu ari ikiremwa cyImana, ko imushyiramo
ubumuntu bigatuma yubaha abandi bantu hamwe nubuzima bwabo.

Umubano mu bantu uhera ku muntu ku giti cye. Nyamara umuntu si


nyamwigendaho, abantu ni magirirane. Kugira ngo umuntu abeho,
ni ngombwa kubana nabandi kandi akitwararika ibyahungabanya
umutekano we nuwabandi. Bityo, kirazira kwangiza ubuzima bwawe
nubwabandi harimo no kwihekura.
Kirazira kandi kudashishoza, kwiyandarika, kwitesha agaciro, kutiyubaha
mu myambarire, mu mivugire, mu mirire no mu minywere no kwisuzugura.
Nanone umuntu ku giti cye agomba kwirinda kugira inda nini,
umururumba, kuba igisambo, no kwikubira.

2.2. GUKUNDA IGIHUGU


Ku babyeyi, kirazira:
2.2.1. Uko Abanyarwanda bakunda Igihugu
Abanyarwanda baha agaciro Igihugu kandi bagashishikarira kugikunda
ari nabyo bibafasha kugikorera no kukitangira.
Ibyo bigaragazwa namateka yIgihugu, ubuvanganzo nimikorere yabo
ya buri munsi.
Gukunda Igihugu kugera naho uhara amagara yawe ukirwanira mu
kukirengera ni imwe mu ndangaciro zingenzi zaranze Abanyarwanda
kuva kera.

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Kutita ku bo wabyaye utabaha ibyibanze bikenewe: ibibatunga,


imyambaro, ishuri, umunani nibindi bya ngombwa.
Kirazira kubarenganya no kubahohotera mu buryo ubwo ari bwo
bwose. Kirazira kwihekura no gushora abo wabyaye mu ngeso mbi
nimigambi mibisha: Uwiba ahetse aba yigisha uwo mu mugongo
Ku bana, kirazira:
Kutubaha ababyeyi, gushira isoni, kububahuka no kubahohotera mu
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

23

2.3. KUBAHA UMURYANGO


2.3.1. Umuryango
Umuryango ni ipfundo fatizo ryubumwe nubuzima bwabawugize, ni
ishingiro ryumuryango rusange wabantu ukaba nigicumbi gitorezwamo
umuntu kuba umuntu nyamuntu no kugira ubumuntu, kikigirwamo
kubana nabandi.
Umuryango ni isangano ryabawugize: abakurambere, abakambwe,
ababyeyi, abana , abuzukuru nabuzukuruza.
Umuryango ni urubuga rwibiganiro byabasangiye byose: ibibi nibyiza,
ibyishimo namakuba.
Umuryango ni ishuri ryigirwamo ubwenegihugu kuko ababyeyi aribo
batuma abana bamenya neza igihugu cyabo kandi bakagikunda.
Umuryango mwiza uba urangwa ningeso nziza zisangiwe nabawugize:
gukundana, kubahana, kwihanganirana, guhana imbabazi, kujya inama,
kugira ibanga, kwizerana, gushimana nibindi..
Umuryango urangwa kandi nurukundo, niho abana barererwa
ubwuzuzanye bwabawugize bashyize hamwe ibyo bahuriyeho nibyo
batandukaniyeho.
Iyo umuryango utuje kandi ushinze imizi bituma abawugize batera
imbere muri byose: mu kubana kwabashakanye, mu guhuza kwabana
nababyeyi no hagati yabana ubwabo.
2.3.2.. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha umuryango
2.3.2
a) Kugira ubumwe, ubufatanye nubusabane
Iyo abagize umuryango bafite ubumwe kandi bakubahana, bagira
ubufatanye bakanasabana; umugore, umugabo nabana bafatanya
kwita ku rugo rwabo ngo rugwize ibirutunga no kurwubaka rugakomera.

Gukunda Igihugu ni ugukunda benecyo , abagituye nibikigize byose


nkubutaka, ururimi, amateka numuco.
Abanyarwanda bahurira ku mutimanama utuma bakunda igihugu cyabo
kuko bumva bafite inyungu zimwe, umurage umwe, basangiye ibihe
barimo bakanagira icyerekezo cyahazaza kimwe.
Kuva kera, Abanyarwanda bashima ingirakamaro nabaharanira
ubusugire bwIgihugu, haba ku rugamba rwumuheto, haba mu butegetsi,
ndetse no mu bukungu, ubutabera nimibereho myiza.
2.2.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no gukunda Igihugu
Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku gukunda Igihugu, harimo kugira
ubwitange, kugira ubutwari, kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byIgihugu,
kwirinda amacakubiri, gucunga neza ibya rubanda, kubungabunga
umutekano no kugira ishyaka.
a) Kugira ubwitange
Umunyarwanda ukunda Igihugu arakitangira. Mu Rwanda rwa kera,
hari abatasi nabatabazi bajyaga ku rugamba bazi neza ko bashobora
kugwayo, hari nabacengeri bemeraga kuba ibitambo, bakamenera
amaraso yabo ishyanga ku nyungu zIgihugu.
Ubwitange bugomba kugaragarira mu bikorwa bigamije guteza imbere
Igihugu. Uwitanze ntagomba kwiyitirira ibyo yakoze, ahubwo inyungu
zivuyemo azisangira nabandi Banyarwanda.
b) Kugira ishyaka nubutwari9
Ubutwari bujyana nishyaka ryo gukurikirana ibyo umuntu yiyemeje
kugeraho bikavamo igikorwa cyikirenga gifitiye abandi akamaro,
akabikora mu bupfura, mu kwihangana no mu bwitange buhebuje kandi
akirinda ubugwari mu migirire ye, ntagamburuzwe namananiza.

b) Kwizerana no kujya inama


Ushyirwa mu rwego rwintwari ni uwaranzwe nindangagaciro zikurikira:
Abagize umuryango bakwiye kugirirana icyizere, buri wese agatega
amatwi mugenzi we, bakungurana ibitekerezo maze ibyo bemeje
bikaborohera kubishyira mu bikorwa.

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

9 Ibiri muri iyi ngingo byavuye mu gatabo Intwari zu Rwanda kanditswe na Minisiteri
yUrubyiruko, Umuco na Siporo, Kigali, 2004, p. 11
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

19

1 kugira umutima ukomeye kandi ukeye: kugira umutima udatinya,


gushyigikira icyiza, kugaragaza ikibi no guhangara kukirwanya kandi uzi
neza ingaruka;
2 gukunda Igihugu: gushyira imbere no guharanira ubusugire,
iterambere, ishema byIgihugu nubumwe bwabagituye;
3 kwitanga: kwigomwa inyungu zawe bwite, guharanira inyungu rusange
byaba ngombwa ugahara ubuzima;
4 kugira ubushishozi: kureba kure no kumenya ukuri kutagaragarira
buri wese;
5 kugira ubwamamare mu butwari: kurangwa nibikorwa byubutwari
bizwi kandi bishimwa na benshi;
6 kuba intangarugero: kurangwa nibikorwa bihebuje, bibera abandi
urugero rwiza;

mu ikurikiranabikorwa no mu isuzumabikorwa ryabyo; bagatora


abayobozi kandi na bo bagatorerwa kujya mu nzego zubuyobozi nizifata
ibyemezo.
d) Kwirinda amacakubiri nivangura
Umunyarwanda nyawe yirinda, akumira, akanarwanya amacakubiri
nivangura aho bivava bikagera: byaba bishingiye ku moko, ku gitsina,
ku madini, ku turere, ku kimenyane, ku cyenewabo, ku bumuga cyangwa
uburwayi no ku nzego zimibereho nubukungu.
e) Gucunga neza ibya rubanda
Umunyarwanda ukunda igihugu amenya gutandukanya ibye bwite
nibyo acungiye rubanda. Ushinzwe gucunga ibya rubanda arabyubaha
akanagira inshingano zo kubiteza imbere.
f) Kubungabunga umutekano

7 kuba umunyakuri: kurangwa nukuri kandi ukaguharanira ntutinye no


kuba wakuzira;

Umunyarwanda uboneye amenya ko ashinzwe umutekano wabantu


nibintu muri rusange. Umutekano we bwite awukesha umutekano
rusange wabungabunzwe na bose.

8 kugira ubupfura: umuco ugaragarira mu matwara meza, imibereho,


imyifatire nimibanire nabandi;

2.2.3. Kirazira gutatira Igihugu

9 kugira ubumuntu: kurangwa numutima ukunda abantu ku buryo


buhebuje aho kubarutisha ibintu.
Indangagaciro remezo zubutwari ni izi uko ari eshatu:
Ubwitange buhebuje;
Akamaro gahebuje, akamaro gahanitse nakamaro gakomeye;
Urugero ruhebuje nurugero ruhanitse.
c) Kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byIgihugu

Igihugu ni ingobyi iduhetse kirazira kugitatira; ukigambanira, ugisebya,


umena ibanga ryacyo.
Byongeye kandi, Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko, kirazira kwishyira
hejuru yayo, kurenganya abandi no gutegekesha igitugu, kwica nkana
amategeko namasezerano.
Igihugu nanone kigomba kuyoborwa neza kikaba kizira kuvangura,
kubogama, kwaka, kurya no gutanga ruswa, gutonesha, gukoresha
icyenewabo, kutavugisha ukuri no guhisha rubanda ibyo bagomba
kumenya.
Tugomba kwirinda gusamira hejuru imico yahandi
wacu.

yangiza umuco

Kubera ko umuturage ari we byose bikorerwa, imiyoborere igomba


kumushingiraho. Ni ngombwa ko abaturage bose bagira uruhare mu
bikorwa byIgihugu: mu gukora igenamigambi, mu ishyirwamubikorwa,

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

21

Kumva ko abandi bagira uruhare mu kwigira kwawe: nta


mukungu wikunga, akungwa na rubanda.

b) Ibiranga ubumwe mu muryango, mu baturanyi, mu itorero, ku


rugerero, mu kazi

Urakabaho, karame, urakarama, urakaramba, gira ubugingo, gira


amahoro, ugire amahoro, ugende amahoro; Karame mu nka urambe
mu ngabo.
d) Kwifurizanya kugira umuryango no gutunga

Ibi bigaragarira mu migani nkiyi:


-

c) Kwifurizanya kubaho neza no kuramba

Uguhiga ubutwari, muratabarana;


Ukubeshye ubumwe, muraturana;
Incuti idahemuka ingana amagara;
Akebo kajya iwamugarura, nibindi.

Gira so, gira umugabo, gira umugore, gira abana, gira iwanyu, gira aho
uvuka, urakabyara, urakabyara hungu na kobwa, urakabyara uhinguye,
gira inka, gira inka nabana, urakabyara ubyaje inka, gira umugisha,
urakagwira, utunge kandi utunganirwe, gira ishya nihirwe;

c) Ibimenyetso bishimangira ubumwe

Ariko kandi ukubaho ni ukubana; ukagira aho uvuka nabo ubyara,


ndetse nibyo utunze. Uko kubana gusaba kubana mu mahoro; ukagira
amahoro yawe uha abandi na bo bakayaguha cyangwa bakagufasha
kuyagira; ukagira amahoro muri wowe, ntugire umuze kandi ntuhagarike
umutima.

Guhana inka, kugabirana, kuremera, kohererezanya intashyo, guhana


impano, kugemurirana, guhana umusanzu cyangwa umuganda.
2.7.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kunga ubumwe
Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kunga ubumwe ni nyinshi ariko hari
zimwe twatangaho ingero:
a) Gutabarana
Abunze ubumwe baragobokana mu bibazo no mu byago; gutabara
uwapfushije, uwagwiriwe nibiza cyangwa uwarwaye. Gutabarana birimo
no kwita ku batishoboye nabanyantege nke batagira kivurira.
b) Gufatanya
Iyo abantu bafite ubumwe bafatanya muri byose. Ubufatanye butuviramo
imbaraga zo gukorera hamwe: Abanyarwanda bagomba gufatanya,
bakisungana muri byose, haba mu buvuzi, mu bukungu, bakazamurana,
bityo bakumva ko abantu ari magirirane . Ubufatanye bubyara
ubuvandimwe.

2.4.2 Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kubaha ubuzima


Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kubaha ubuzima hakubiyemo kubaha
uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwirinda ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryose,
kwiyitaho, kubaha igihango.
a) Kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu
Uburenganzira bwa muntu bwa mbere ni ukubaho kuko agaciro ka
muntu ari ntagereranywa kandi amagara akaba aseseka ntayorwe.
Bityo, Umuturarwanda yubaha ubuzima bwa mugenzi we nkuko yifuza
ko abandi bubaha ubwe.
b) Kwirinda ihohotera iryo ari ryo ryose
Umunyarwanda wese agomba kwirinda no kurwanya guhohotera
mugenzi we nko gufata abakobwa nabagore ku ngufu, kwangiza
abana no kubakoresha imirimo ivunanye, gukoresha imvugo isesereza,
gusebanya nibindi.

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

25

c) Kwiyitaho

g) Gushima no gushimira

Buri wese akwiye kubungabunga ubuzima bwe bwumubiri nko kurya


neza (amagara aramirwa ntamerwa), kugira isuku (isuku ni isoko
yubuzima), kuba heza, kwirinda indwara no kwivuriza igihe. Agomba
kandi guharanira uburenganzira bwe bwo kubaho no kwitunga. Ni
umuziro kwiyambura ubuzima, bisa numuvumo.

2.5. KUGIRA UMUTIMA


2.5.1 Kugira umutima ni iki ku munyarwanda?
Mu muco wu Rwanda, kugira umutima bihuza indangagaciro nyinshi
zitandukanya umuntu nundi, umuntu nikintu cyangwa umuntu
ninyamaswa: nkubwenge, ubuhanga, ubushishozi, ubumenyi,
ubwende, ugushaka, ubwitonzi, ukwibuka, gushyira mu gaciro, ituze,
impungenge nibindi.
Kugira umutima rero, ku Munyarwanda, ni ukugira uruhurirane rwingeso
nziza zikuranga mu mibanire yawe nabandi kandi nawe ubwawe
bigatuma uhora uganira nundi muntu uri muri wowe utuma ugera ku
byiza. Dore ingero zaho Abanyarwanda bakoresha ijambo umutima:

Gushima ni ukwemera agaciro nakamaro byikintu cyiza; naho gushimira


ni ukugaragariza uwakugirirye neza ko wanyuzwe nagaciro nakamaro
kibyo yagukoreye. Imfura iyo yanyuzwe nigikorwa cyiza cyangwa
ijambo ryiza irabigaragaza mu mvugo no mu ngiro.
h)

Gushishoza

Imfura yirinda guhubuka no kwigerezaho: imfura ifata icyemezo igamije


ukuri yabanje gutekereza no gushyira mu gaciro.
i)

Kwanga umugayo

Imfura yirinda gukora ikintu cyayitesha agaciro. Kugira ngo umuntu


abane neza nabandi kandi bamushima ahora yirinze
ibikorwa
bigayitse. Muri make, imfura ni iyo musangira ntigucure, mwagendana
ntigusige, mwaganira ntikuvemo, mwasezerana ntiguhemukire, waterwa
ikagutabara, yasonza ntiyibe, yakira ntigusuzugure, wapfa ikakurerera11.
2.7. KUNGA UBUMWE
2.7.1. Uko abanyarwanda bumva ubumwe

a) Amarangamutima
Kugira umutima uhagaze, gukuka umutima, kubunza imitima, umutima
usobetse amaganya ntusobanura amagambo, umutima wimfubyi
watanze umutwe kumera imvi, afite igikomere ku mutima, kugira umutima
hubu, ibyo bintu byamvuye ku mutima, gushyitsa umutima hamwe,
gusubiza umutima mu nda, kuvugana umutima, urampeka ku mutima,
reka kundya umutima, umutima wo kugukunda uri hafi nkirembo, uwo
kukwanga uri kure nkukwezi, nibindi.

b) Gushaka no kurarikira
Agatima kawe gahora kararikiye inzoga, icyo umutima ushaka amata
aguranwa itabi, afite agatima karehareha, akababaje umutima kazindura
amaguru, akananiye umutima ntiwirirwa ubanga ingata, nibindi.

Mu kinyarwanda bavuga ko kubaho ari ukubana. Niyo mpamvu ubumwe


bwAbanyarwanda ari indangagaciro yingenzi.
Ni inkingi mwikorezi yiterambere.
a) Ibiranga ubumwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi
-

Kugirirana ikinyabupfura aho muri hose;


Kwakira umushyitsi: gufata nkamata yabashyitsi;
Gusurana: ifuni ibagara ubucuti ni akarenge;
Kwemera kwigomwa cyangwa kuvunika: uwawe akuvuna
utamwikoreye;
Ubucuti burusha agaciro ibintu: inshuti iruta inshuro, gusangira
no kubana neza: aho umwaga utari uruhu rwurukwavu rwisasira
batanu; nta gihanga kimwe kigira inama;

11 Byavuzwe na Padiri Byusa Eustache.

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

31

adakwiye, ashyira mu gaciro kandi yemera ibitekerezo byuzuza ibye.


b) Kujya inama
Umuntu wimfura arangwa no kujya inama: yemera kugisha inama,
kugirwa inama no kuyigira abandi.
c) Kuzuza amasezerano, kubaha ijambo, indahiro nigihango
Abanyarwanda bashima umuntu wubahiriza ibyo yemeye gukora, haba
mu masezerano, haba mu byo yemereye abandi mu ijambo, haba mu
ndahiro yarahiye nigihango yahanye nabandi. Ibyo bigaragarira mu
migani ikurikira: aho imfura zisezeraniye niho zihurira, ihatanze indi
ikahaborera; imvugo niyo ngiro.

Ijambo ririca cyangwa rigakiza: ururimi ni rwiza kuko rurengera abantu,


rusaba umugeni, rugaba inka, ruhoza abana, ruvuga ibisigo nibyivugo
( nicyo gituma Abanyarwanda bavuga ngo Ijambo ryiza ni mugenzi
wImana); ariko kandi ururimi ni rubi kuko ruteranya, rubeshyera abandi,
rurega abandi , rutukana, rusebanya, rusarikana nibindi. Abanyarwanda
bavuga ko nyirikirimi kibi yatanze umurozi gupfa!

d) Umutimanama
Umutima umwe uti oya undi uti yee; umutima muhanano ntiwuzura
igituza, kami ka muntu ni umutima we nibindi.
e) Imyitwarire nImyifatire
Umubaji wimitima ntiyayiringanije, nta muzindutsi wa cyane watashye
ku mutima wundi, nta mutindi ukira ubwo mu mutima, nibindi.
Ubumuntu nubuntu

Abanyarwanda bagira ibyo bashima nibyo bagaya bavuga ku bumuntu


nubuntu bwumutima.
Mu byo bashima twavuga nkibi: naka agira umutima mwiza, afite
umutima utuje, afite umutima utunganye, agira umutima woroshye,
agira umutima woroshya, umukobwa wumutima, umugore ni umutima
wurugo, nibindi.
Mu byo bagaya twavuga nkibi: naka ameze nkigikoko, ntagira umutima,
nta mutima ugira wa mwana we, nibindi.

e) Kwihangana
Abanyarwanda bagira bati: Imfura ishinjagira ishira. Intore ntiganya
ishaka ibisubizo. Imfura ikomeza umutima mu bizazane ihura na byo.

g) Gushira ubwoba
Uyu mukobwa afite umutima wa gitwari, gukomeza umutima.

Kudahemuka

Ubudahemuka ni imyitwarire irangwa no kutanyuranya nicyo ugomba


cyangwa ukwiye gukorera undi. Imfura ni izirikana uwayigiriye neza
nuwayigiriye akamaro, ikamwitura.

30

Kugira umutima wumva, akuzuye umutima gasesekara ku munwa; kugira


umutima muke (urumve mutima muke wo mu rutiba), kugira imitima ibiri;
kugisha umutima inama, kugenza umutima, nibindi.

f)

d) Ijambo ryiza

f)

c) Ubwenge

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

2.5.2 Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no kugira umutima


Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kugira umutima dusangamo
indangagaciro yubumanzi, ubucuti, ubwuzu, ubwenge nubuntu.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

27

a) Ubumanzi
Iyo Abanyarwanda bavuga ko umuntu afite ubumanzi bisobanura
ko afite umutima ukomeye, udapfa guhungabanywa nicyo ari cyo
cyose.
Ubumanzi rero ni ubutwari bushingiye ku mutima.

a) Ubupfura butandukanye nuburanga

b) Ubucuti
Abanyarwanda bashima ubucuti kuko buhuza abantu. Kandi ubucuti
bugashingira ku mutima ukunda bitari byanyirarureshwa. Ubwo
bucuti bukomezwa nibikorwa bigaragara biturutse ku mutima nko
gushyira hamwe, gusurana, gutabarana, gufashanya, gutwererana no
gushyingirana.
c) Ubwuzu
Abanyarwanda bashima umuntu ugira ubwuzu. Ubwuzu ni ibyishimo
byumutima umuntu yakirana abandi. Ibyo byishimo bigaragarira mu
binezaneza, mu nseko, mu kwakirana imbabazi, mu rukundo no mu
mwete ushyira mu kwakira ugusanze.
d) Ubuntu
Umuntu ugira ubuntu arangwa numutima wo gutanga nta nyungu
agamije.

2.6. KUGIRA UBUPFURA


2.6.1. Ubupfura
Imfura ni umuntu wumunyakuri, utajenjeka kandi wiha agaciro; ariko,
ufite umutima mwiza, wiyoroshya kandi akicisha bugufi.
Inteko Izirikana isobanura10 ko ubupfura ari umwambaro wumutima
ugaragarira mu myifatire nimigirire byintangarugero.

10 Inteko Izirikana, Indangagaciro zingenzi mu muco wu Rwanda, agatabo ka mbere,Nzeli 2008 p.12.

28

Abanyarwanda bemera ko kuba imfura umuntu abyitoza: mu muco wu


Rwanda, kugira uburere ni byo bituma umuntu agera ku ntera ndende
yubupfura. Uburere ni uruhurirane rwumuco ukwiye umuryango utoza
umwana numwete we bwite mu kwimenyereza ingeso nziza.
Dore uko Abanyarwanda bumva ubupfura:

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Uburanga ni ubwiza bwumubiri, bugaragarira inyuma. Ntabwo rero


bwerekana ingeso za nyirabwo kandi ingeso zumuntu, nziza cyangwa
mbi, ni zo zigaragaza ko umuntu ari imfura cyangwa atari yo.
b) Ubupfura butandukanye namavuko cyangwa inkomoko
Abanyarwanda baravuga ngo uburere buruta ubuvuke, uburere umuntu
arabuhabwa na we akagira uruhare mu kubwakira naho ubuvuke bwo
nta ruhare abugiraho;
c) Ubupfura buhesha agaciro nyirabwo
Bimwe mu bimenyetso biranga ubupfura ni ibi: ubwangamugayo,
ubudahemuka, kubaha igihango, indahiro nijambo, koroherana,
ubugabo, ubutwari, ubwitange, ubumanzi, kwihangana, ubuntu
nubumuntu, urugwiro, ubwuzu, ishyaka, ishema, kwicisha bugufi,
kwiyoroshya, kubaha , kwiyubaha, kwiramira, kwigomwa, kwihangana,
kuzirikana, gushishoza nibindi.
Ufite iyi mico myiza agira agaciro mu bandi; bituma abantu bamushima,
bamwubaha, bamugirira icyizere ndetse bakamukunda.
2.6.2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano n ubupfura
Mu ndangagaciro zishamikiye ku kugira ubupfura hakubiyemo
kwiyoroshya, kujya inama, kuzuza amasezerano, kubaha ijambo,
kuvugisha ukuri, kwihangana, kudahemuka, gushima no gushimira,
gushishoza no kwanga umugayo.
a) Kwiyoroshya
Indangagaciro yo kwiyoroshya ni imwe mu ziranga imfura. Uwiyoroshya
yakirana buri wese urugwiro, ntiyirata, ntiyikuza, ntashaka ibyubahiro
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

29

3.2. INGAMBA ZIKWIYE GUFATWA12


Ingamba zikwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo gahunda yo gusakaza
no kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda
hagamijwe
iterambere riramba irusheho kwihuta, hakubiyemo nkibiganiro mu
ngo, ubukangurambaga, amahugurwa ninama ku baturage, kongerera
abayobozi ninzego ubushobozi mu iterambere riramba, gukora ubuvugizi
no kugera ku bisubizo bishingira ku bipimo bifatika nibarurishamibare.

c) Kuganura
Mu rwego rwumuryango mugari no mu gihugu hose, abantu bakoraga
umuhango wo gusangira umusaruro, bikaba ari ukwishimira ibyo
bagezeho bivuye mu maboko yabo kandi bafatanyije. Uwo muco mwiza
nubu uracyariho kandi ukwiye guhabwa agaciro.
2.8. GUKUNDA UMURIMO
2.8.1.
2.8.
1. Uko abanyarwanda baha agaciro umurimo

a)

Gutegura imfashanyigisho nabazikoresha

Mu bihe byose no mu myanya yose, gahunda yo gusakaza no


kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere
riramba ikeneye imfashanyigisho nabazikoresha. Ni ngombwa rero ko
hategurwa inyandiko zingeri zitandukanye zishingiye ku byiciro inyigisho
zigenewe. Bizaba kandi ngombwa ko hategurwa abakangurambaga
bafite ubumenyingiro nubushishozi bihagije kugira ngo bashobore
kumvikanisha ubuhame bwumuco mu iterambere riramba.
b) Ibiganiro mu ngo
Abanyarwanda bemera ko urugo ari intangiriro yimibereho myiza
yIgihugu (ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo/nama cyangwa ngo umwana apfa
mu iterura). Koko rero, nkuko Itegeko Nshinga ribivuga, urugo ni rwo
muryango fatizo wIgihugu.
Uburere bwumwana butangirira mu rugo iwabo kwa se na nyina. Niyo
mpamvu ibiganiro byubaka hagati yiyo nyabutatu, ababyeyi (= umugore
n umugabo) nabana bagize urugo, ari ngirakamaro mu muryango.
c) Ubukagurambaga
Muri iki gihe, bimaze kugaragara ko ubutumwa buciye mu nzego
zibanze, cyane cyane mu Mudugudu, burushaho kwihuta kuko buhita
bukwira mu baturage bose. Kugira ngo izi ndangagaciro zumuco wu
Rwanda zisakare kandi zimakazwe mu Gihugu hose ni ngombwa ko
zisobanurwa mu nzego zibanze binyujijwe mu biganiro byahuza abantu
12 Iyi ngingo yifashishije inyandiko ya UNITY CLUB., Raporo ku ndangagaciro zumuco nyarwanda
zigomba gutezwa imbere nimyifatire igayitse ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ryu
Rwanda nAbanyarwanda, Kigali, 2010.

40

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Abanyarwanda bemera ko gukora ari inshingano ya buri wese mu


muryango wabantu. Ibyo bituma abantu barushaho kuba magirirane
nko mu bwisungane, mu bwishingizi, mu masezerano yakazi, no mu
kurengera inyungu zabakozi; bityo, iterambere rirambye rikihuta kandi
rikagera kuri bose.
Akamaro kumurimo kagaragarira mu ngero zikurikira:
a) Umurimo ukiza uwukora: gutunga ugatunganirwa bituruka ku
mwete, ubuhanga, ubushishozi umuntu akorana; bituma kandi
agera ku masaziro meza kuko akabando kiminsi gacibwa kare
kakabikwa kure; bisaba rero gukora hakiri kare kandi ugakora
uzigama;
b) Umurimo uha agaciro uwukora kuko umuntu yumva ubwe ko
hari icyo yigejejeho, kandi umugabo akaba ari mugirwa nake;
umurimo ukoze neza uhesha uwawukoze ishema mu bandi:
ukora neza araboneka;
c) Umurimo ukoze neza utuma uwawukoze yitwa ingirakamaro mu
muryango we no mu gihugu;
d) Umurimo ukoze neza ushimisha uwakoze; kuko yigira(
akimuhana kaza imvura ihise);
e) Imihigo yakazi ni uburyo bwo kwibohora kuko uhiga yihitiramo
imihigo ye; bikanamuha uburenganzira bwo guha icyerekezo
ibyo akora; ituma kandi umuntu adakorera ijisho kuko aba azi
aho agana;
f) Umurimo wungura ubwenge kuko ukora ahora atekereza
bigatuma agera ku bisubizo bituma umurimo we urushaho
kugenda neza;
g) Gukorana ubuhanga byoroshya umurimo kandi bikawihutisha.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

33

2.8.2.
2.8.
2. Indangagaciro zifitanye isano no gukunda umurimo
Gukora neza bituma utunganyiriza abakugana, bikagaragazwa no
kutarangarana umuntu mu byo umugomba, kuzuza inshingano, gukorera
mu mucyo, kwihutisha akazi, kwakira neza abakugana, kugira uruhare
mu bikorwa byIgihugu no gukorera kuri gahunda.
a) Gushishikarira umurimo
Ukora umurimo akwiriye kuwukorana umwete, akawitaho, akihutira
kuwurangiza neza ntakuzarira.
Mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere no
guteza Igihugu imbere, u Rwanda rwashyizeho icyerekezo kigaragaza
uko Abanyarwanda bagomba kuba bifashe mu mwaka wa 2020. Buri
munyarwanda agomba gukorera ku ntego kugira ngo agere kuri icyo
cyerekezo. Gukorera ku ntego bimufasha kujya yisuzuma akamenya
intambwe yateye, aho afite intege nke agashyiramo ingufu bishingiye ku
muhigo yihaye.
b)

Gukora umurimo unoze kandi ufite ireme

Kugira ngo ibyo buri wese akora bimugirire akamaro binakagirire


Igihugu, umurimo ukorwa ugomba kuba utunganye kandi unoze: ibyo
umuntu akora akabiha ireme yirinda guhangika.
c) Gukorera hamwe
Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira . Kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke,
abantu bagomba kugira ibyo bakorera hamwe bagafatanya.
Gukorera hamwe bituma abantu badatatanya ingufu. Bibabuza kuba
nyamwigendaho.
d) Gukorera ku gihe
Gukunda umurimo bisaba kuwitabira ku gihe, ukawukorana umwete,
ukaba ugomba kubahiriza igihe. Gukunda umurimo bisaba kugira
gahunda ukoreraho: buri kintu ukagiha umwanya wacyo.

34

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

UMUTWE WA GATATU: INGERO NINGAMBA ZO GUSAKAZA


NO KWIMAKAZA INDANGAGACIRO ZUMUCO WU RWANDA
HAGAMIJWE AMAJYAMBERE ARAMBYE
Muri rusange, Umunyarwanda nyakuri ni ubereye umuryango
Nyarwanda nigihugu cyu Rwanda; ahora aharanira kuba intore
irangwa nindangagaciro zumuco zigenga imyitwarire myiza.
Ibyo bisaba buri wese gukurikira za nzira ebyiri zumuco wu Rwanda:
guhora yiyubakamo indangagaciro zimugeza ku bupfura kandi yubaha
za ndindagaciro zimurinda gukora ibizira nibiziririzwa.
Naho uruhare rwe rukenewe cyane, ntabwo yabigeraho adafatanyije
nabandi gufata ingamba za gahunda yo kwamamaza no kwimakaza
indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba
kuko bimaze kuba ihame ko amajyambere ashingiye ku muco gakondo
ari yo aramba.
3.1. INGERO ZIBYAGEZWEHO
Mu rwego rwo kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda,
Guverinoma yarabirebye isanga bikwiye kujya kuvoma mwisoko
yumuco, ikuramo gahunda nziza zimaze kugira akamaro kagaragara
mu iterambere ryu Rwanda: Imihigo, Itorero, Urugerero, Girinka
Munyarwanda, Kuremera abatishoboye, Inkiko Gacaca, Ubudehe,
Umuganda, Akagoroba kababyeyi, nibindi byose bigenda bikorwa.
Ibi byose ni ibyubaka umuryango nyarwanda, bikawuteza imbere
hashingiwe ku muco wacu.
Umuco kandi uhatse byinshi byashingirwaho mu kongera ubukungu
nkubukererugendo ndangamuco nizindi nganda ndangamuco.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

39

yayo, ngo akubuze kubana nabandi, akubuze kubonera uwanya urugo


rwawe niba urufite, ngo uyaririkire uhemuke, etc.
h)

Kwita ku bidukikije

Biragaragara ko kwita ku bidukikije ari indangagaciro ikomeye kuko


bituma umuryango ubungabunga ibyiza wasanze nibyo ugenda ugeraho
kandi ukabishyikiriza abawukomokaho.
Twibuke ko nAbanyarwanda bari bafite uko bubaha ibidukikije nko kutica
inyamaswa zikunze kuba nkeya kinyamanza, kwimana inyamaswa

e)

Guhanga imirimo mishya no kuvugurura imikorere

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umurimo tugomba guhanga indi mirimo


yingirakamaro: ibyara inyungu kandi itanga akazi kuri benshi. Tugomba
kandi kuvugurura imikorere dukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho kandi
twinjiza ikoranabuhanga mu mirimo yacu. Bituma twihutisha iterambere,
iryacu bwite niryIgihugu .
f) Kurangiza ibyo watangiye
Mu guhesha agaciro umurimo wawe, ni byiza kurangiza neza ibyo
watangiye mbere yo gutangira ibindi.

yahungiye mu rugo nibindi.


g) Gucunga neza umutungo
Buri munyarwanda agomba kwirinda gusesagura no gupfusha ubusa
umutungo yabonye. Agomba kwirinda kurya atabara cyangwa kurya
ibirenze ibyo atunze.
h) Guteganya
Muri iki gihe, guteganya bigomba
kwitabwaho: Abanyarwanda
bagakorana namabanki nibigo byimari iciriritse, bagashora imari mu
bikorwa bibazanira inyungu, bagahunika igice cyumusaruro wabo
hagamijwe kongera umutungo no guteganyiriza ahazaza.
i)

Kwiyubakamo ubushobozi

Tuzi neza ko akimuhana kaza imvura ihise. Buri munyarwanda agomba


kwigira, akareba ubushobozi afite nubwIgihugu, akaba ari bwo akoresha
aho gutegereza imfashanyo atazi aho zizava.
j) Kugira umuco wo guhiganwa no kuba indashyikirwa
Buri wese agomba guharanira kuba intangarugero, bareberaho mu
rwego rwakazi: akora neza umurimo ashinzwe cyangwa yiyemeje,
agwiza umusaruro; bityo akaba indashyikirwa.

38

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

35

2.8.3. Kirazira kudaha agaciro umurimo


Umurimo niwo utunga umuntu ku giti cye ugatunga nimbaga yabantu
kandi ugateza Igihugu imbere. Ni cyo gituma kizira gusuzugura umurimo
uwo ari wo wose, kuba imburamukoro, kunebwa, kuzarira no kutarangiza
ibyo watangiye.
Ni ngombwa kubungabunga no kongera ibyagezweho numurimo bityo
kirazira kuba inyangabirama,kwangiza umutungo wawe, uwabandi
nuwIgihugu.

Ku bwibyo, guha agaciro kangana abagore nabagabo, abakobwa


nabahungu bijyana no kubahiriza ihame ryuburinganire nubwuzuzanye:
- Mu kutarobanura abana mu burere no mu burezi;
- Mu kutarobanura abagore nabagabo, abakobwa nabahungu mu
mirimo;
- Mu kutabasumbanya mu izungura no mu micungire yumutungo
yumuryango;
- Mu kubaha uruhare rungana mu miyoborere yIgihugu;
- Mu kubarinda ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose;
d)

Ubumenyi bushya

2.9. KWAGURA AMAREMBO


Kubera impamvu zitandukanye zishingiye ku mateka yIgihugu,
imibereho, imibanire nimyitwarire byAbanyarwanda byarahindutse.
Umuco wu Rwanda wakiriye imico ituruka hanze ugira ibyo wunguka
nibindi utakaza: imiturire, imibanire yabagize umuryango niyabaturanyi,
imyambarire nibindi.
Dore zimwe mu ndangagaciro nshya:
a) Imyemerere ishingiye ku madini yavuye hanze
Amadini yavuye hanze yarushije ingufu iryo Abanyarwanda bari
basanganywe maze bayoboka amadini atandukanye.
Ayo madini yazanye indangagaciro zihindura zimwe mu zo
Abanyarwanda bemeraga. Haza uburyo bushya nko mu kubatizwa,
gushyingirwa, guherekeza uwitabye Imana nibindi.

Ishuri ryasimbuye itorero, rizana ubumenyi bushya nindangagaciro


zabwo. Uruhare rwababyeyi mu burere bwabana babo ruragabanuka;
mwarimu agira uruhare runini mu burere bwumwana. Bityo ubumenyi
bushya buhabwa umwanya kuruta uburere bwababyeyi.
Ishuri rero ni aho umuntu ajya kwiyungura ubumenyi bigatuma anoza
imikorere nimibereho ye. Kwiga kandi ntibijya birangira, ntabwo umuntu
yigira ku ntebe yishuri gusa, ashobora nawe ubwe kwiyigisha no kwigira
ku bandi ahura nabo.
e)

Ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye isi umudugudu umwe, ryigisha itumanaho


ryihuta kandi rigera kuri benshi: ibyiza byaryo bigera no mu Rwanda
ariko bidasize nibibi byaryo bigomba kwirindwa.
f)

b) Amatwara ya demokarasi

Ikoranabuhanga

Indimi zamahanga

byahinduye amatwara

Abanyarwanda bakiranye umwete indimi zamahanga bituma Igihugu


cyacu cyagura amarembo kiragendwa. Abanyarwanda nabo bagenda
amahanga. Ni byiza, ariko tukirinda ko indimi zamahanga zimira ururimi
kavukire

Muri ibi bihe guteza imbere umuryango nigihugu bisaba uruhare


rwabagore nabagabo, abakobwa nabahungu.

g)
Gukoresha ifaranga
Gukoresha ifaranga byazanye uburyo bushya bwo guhahirana, kugura
ibintu no kugirana amasezerano. Ifaranga rero ryinjiye mu buzima
bwAbanyarwanda. Ni byiza kumenya kuyakorera ariko ntube imbata

Demokarasi nandi mahame ayishingiyeho


yimiyoborere yu Rwanda.
c ) Uburinganire nubwuzuzanye

36

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

37

ku nzego nkInteko yUmudugudu, iyAkagari cyangwa mu muganda.


Hari izindi nzira zigera ku baturage bidatinze kandi zikemerwa.
Izi ndangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda zakwigishwa binyuze mu
binyamakuru, hakoreshejwe itumanaho, amakinamico, indirimbo,
amarushanwa yimikino nibindi.
Ndetse hanakwifashishwa ibihembo byajya bihabwa abantu barushije
abandi guhanga ibikorwa byumwimere byimakaza iterambere ryubakiye
ku muco.
Gukora ku buryo abaturage bingeri zose no mu byiciro bitandukanye
bumva ko ari bo shingiro ryimpinduramatwara rivoma imigambi mu
muco wu Rwanda, ko ari bo pfundo rifashe urufunguzo rwo guhindura
imyifatire, ko kandi ari no mu nyungu zabo gufata ingamba nshya kugira
ngo bagere ku iterambere riramba. Bakeneye rero ibiganiro mpaka kugira
ngo buri wese asobanukirwe neza impamvu umuco nindangagaciro
ziwuranga ari ingenzi mu kumufasha kuboneza imibereho ye no
kumurikira intambwe ze mu iterambere.
Kugira ngo iyo ntego igerweho ni ngombwa kubaka ubushobozi
bwabakangurambaga bashinzwe guhugura abaturage ku nzego zose,
bakabafasha kwiha intego no kwihitiramo inzira iboneye yo kuzigeraho.
d) Amahugurwa ninama zibyiciro byabaturage
Ubwo bukangurambaga buvuzwe mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi ntabwo
buzaba buhagije, bizaba na ngombwa ko habaho inama namahugurwa
bigenewe ibyiciro bitandukanye byAbanyarwanda biciye mu mirimo
bakora cyangwa serivisi barimo: abakozi bo mu nzego za Leta cyangwa
izabikorera, nabo mu mirimo yindi itegamiye kuri Leta, abakozi bo mu
bitangazamakuru, mu nzego zishinzwe umutekano, abana nurubyiruko
bo mu mashuri yingeri zose, abarezi , urubyiruko rukora imyuga
inyuranye namashyirahamwe.

Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

41

nayisumbuye mu Rwanda, Kigali, Nzeri 2009.


e) Kongerera abayobozi ninzego ubushobozi mu iterambere
rishingiye ku muco
Muri iyi gahunda yo kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda,
abayobozi ku nzego zose bagomba kuba baracengewe nindangagaciro
zumuco kuko zikenewe mu gushyigikira no kwihutisha ibikorwa
byamajyambere. Bagomba kuba bariyubatsemo ubumenyingiro,
ubuhanga ndetse nubushobozi butuma bahindura ibyari inzitizi; ibyo
byose babikesha gushyira hamwe imbaraga zabo no guhuza imyumvire
ku cyerekezo nintego bahisemo.
Mu bikorwa byingenzi byakwitabwaho muri iyo ngamba, harimo
kwigisha abayobozi ku nzego zose bagatozwa gutegura igenamigambi
na gahunda ihamye kandi ifite ireme, iha umuco uruhare rusesuye mu
bikorwa byiterambere ku buryo abashinzwe gufata ibyemezo, abatowe
nabaturage, inzobere, amashyirahamwe nimiryango irengera inyungu
zabaturage bose bibona muri iyo gahunda nimigambi yiterambere
yateguwe, bagafatanya kuyishyira mu bikorwa.
f) Gukora ubuvugizi
Mu bihe biri imbere, u Rwanda rugomba kuba rwizihiwe nAbanyarwanda
bakomeye ku muco wabo, bazi kuwubyaza umusaruro, ubafasha kugera
ku iterambere riramba kandi rinogeye buri wese. Ibyo birasaba guha
imbaraga ubufatanye no kunoza imikoranire hagati yabafatanyabikorwa
bose ku rwego rwIgihugu, mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga
hagamijwe gusembura no gushyigikira byimazeyo ibikorwa byiza
byumwimerere biturutse mu baturage; ibyo bikorwa bikongererwa
ingufu, bigahabwa agaciro kandi bigashingirwaho mu guhanga ibishya.
Ubwo bunararibonye aho gupfushwa ubusa bukaba bwanabafasha
gutekereza ibikorwa nibisubizo byumwimerere hakurikijwe imiterere
yibibazo byihariye bigenda bivuka.

12) MUKAMURENZI B., Education aux valeurs thiques et


culturelles dans le renforcement de lidentit rwandaise
Cas de la valeur dUbupfura, Huye, Dcembre 2008
(Mmoire ISPC- Butare).
13) NOTHOMB D, P.B., Un Humanisme Africain, Valeurs et
Pierres dAttente, Editions Lumen Vitae, Bruxelles, 1965.
14) RUSAGARA F. K., Resilience of a Nation: A History of the
Military in Rwanda, Fountain Publishers Rwanda.
15) SINDAYIGAYA A., Inkomoko nImimaro yImiziro nImiziririzo
mu muco Nyarwanda: Icyerekezo cyUbumenyamuntu,
Kigali, 2007 ( Mmoire KIE).
16) SMITH P.,Lefficacit des interdits. In: LHomme, 1979,
tome 19 n01.
17) TYLOR E.B., Primitive Culture, New York, J.P. Putnams
Sons, 1871.
18) UNITY CLUB, Raporo ku ndangagaciro zumuco
nyarwanda zigomba gutezwa imbere nimyifatire igayitse
ikwiye guhindurwa hagamijwe iterambere rirambye ryu
Rwanda nAbanyarwanda, Kigali, 2010.
19) UNESCO, Dclaration de Mexico sur les Politiques
Culturelles, Mexico City, 26 Juillet-6 Aot 1982.

g) Kugera ku bisubizo bishingiye ku bipimo bifatika


nibarurishamibare
Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana iyinjizwa ryindangagaciro zumuco
muri gahunda zose ziterambere ku nzego zose no mu baturage bose.
Hagashyirwaho nibimenyetso fatizo byashingirwaho mu gusuzuma uko
kwimakaza umuco wu Rwanda byagezweho, hakoreshejwe ubuhanga,

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

47

IBITABO
BITABO NINYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE

ibarurishamibare nubundi buhanga butandukanye.

1) BIGIRUMWAMI A., Imihango, imigenzo nimiziririzo mu


Rwanda, Nyundo, 1974.
2) BIMENYIMANA J., La Rwandisation de lenseignement
secondaire. Contribution ltude et lapprofondissement
des valeurs culturelles de marque travers une vision
rwandaise du monde pour lEducation dans le secondaire,
Rome, 1985. ( Thse de doctorat)
3) GALABERT J. L., Les enfants dImana: Histoire sociale et
culturelle du Rwanda ancien, Editions Izuba, 2011, Paris.
4) Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Turirimbane
indirimbo zahimbwe na
Sipiriyani RUGAMBA,
I.N.R.S.Butare-Rwanda, Publication No 38, 1987.
5) Inteko Izirikana, Indangagaciro
Nyarwanda, Kigali, 2008.

zingenzi

mu

muco

6) IRYAGARAGAYE J., Les valeurs ducatives et thiques


travers les proverbes et dictons du Kinyarwanda. Approche
thmatique, Kigali, 2005.
7) Itorero ryIgihugu, Indangagaciro zUmuco Nyarwanda mu
Iterambere, Kigali, 2011.
8) KAGAME A., Introduction aux Grands Genres Lyriques
de lAncien Rwanda, Editions Universitaires du Rwanda,
Butare, 1969.
9) Komisiyo yIgihugu yAmatora, Uburere mboneragihugu ku
matora mu Rwanda, Kigali, 2002.
10) Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture, Shared values and
promoting a culture of Peace in Rwanda, Imprimerie de
Kigali, Kigali, 1998.
11) Minisiteri yUburezi, Ubugenzuzi bukuru bwUburezi,
Indangagaciro ngenderwaho mu mashuri yincuke, abanza

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Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

3.3.

Abafite uruhare muri gahunda yo gusakaza no kwimakaza


indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere
riramba.

Gahunda yo kwamamaza no kwimakaza indangagaciro zumuco


wu Rwanda hagamijwe iterambere riramba ni inshingano zIgihugu,
umwenegihugu ndetse nincuti zigihugu; igomba gahagurukirwa na buri
wese ninzego zose. Bisaba ubufatanye nubwuzuzanye hagati yabantu
ubwabo no hagati yinzego zitandukanye:
Abayobozi bakuru bIgihugu ku giti cyabo no mu mirimo yabo;
Inzego zose za Leta yu Rwanda (za Minisiteri nibigo
biyishamikiyeho);
Abafatanyabikorwa nabaterankunga nibindi bihugu nImiryango
Mpuzamahanga;
Abikorera nImiryango Itegamiye kuri Leta ;
Abayobozi mu nzego zibanze (Umudugudu, Umurenge, Akarere
nIntara) ;
Abayobozi nabayoboke bAmadini atandukanye ;
Komisiyo nInzego zashyiriweho inshingano zihariye (Inama
yIgihugu yAbagore, Inama yIgihugu yUrubyiruko, Komisiyo
yUbumwe nUbwiyunge, Itorero ryIgihugu, Komisiyo yIgihugu
yUburenganzira bwa Muntu, Komisiyo yigihugu yo Kurwanya
Jenoside, Komisiyo yIgihugu yAmatora, Komisiyo yIgihugu
ishinzwe Abakozi ba Leta, Urwego rwUmuvunyi, Urwego
rwUbugenzuzi Bukuru, Urwego Rushinzwe Kugenzura
Iyubahirizwa
ryUburinganire
bwAbagore
nAbagabo
mwIterambere ryIgihugu, Urwego Rushinzwe Intwari zIgihugu,
Imidari nImpeta byishimwe, Inama yIgihugu yAbantu bafite
ubumuga, Inama yIgihugu yAbana, Ikigo Gishinzwe Imisoro
nAmahoro, Komite y Abunzi, ) ;
Ibitangazamakuru nabakozi babyo ;
Abahanzi.
Birumvikana ko buri rwego, hakurikijwe inshingano na gahunda
rusanganywe, ruzihatira gucengeza indangagaciro zumuco mu
migambi yarwo; byaba na ngombwa rugafata ingamba nshya
zirufasha kwitabira ibikorwa byavuzwe byubukangurambaga,
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda

43

ubuvugizi namahugurwa yo kongera ubumenyi no kubaka ubushobozi


bwabarugize namatsinda arugize.

UMWANZURO
Indangagaciro zumuco wu Rwanda zikubiye muri iki gitabo zizafasha
gukemura ikibazo cyimyumvire, imyitwarire no kunoza imikorere bya buri
Munyarwanda. Bizatuma aba koko umusemburo witerambere riramba
kandi riboneye ryimiyoborere myiza, ubutabera, ubukungu nimibereho
myiza, bityo Abanyarwanda biheshe agaciro.
Kubera ko umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere yimbaga yAbanyarwanda,
imibereho yabawugize igomba kurangwa nindangagaciro zubahiriza
ihame ryuburinganire nubwuzuzanye bwabagore nabagabo,
abakobwa nabahungu kandi abana bakigishwa indangagaciro zumuco
wu Rwanda kuva bakiri bato.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko Abanyarwanda
bibyiciro byose, abato nabakuru, abayobora nabayoborwa, abize
nabatarize, abo mu mijyi nabo mu cyaro, abimpande zose zIgihugu
bahuriye kuri izi ndangagaciro.
Izi ndangagaciro zigomba gukwirakwizwa mu Gihugu hose ndetse no
hanze yacyo kugira ngo buri munyarwanda aho ari hose azigire ize
kandi zijye zimuyobora buri munsi.
Kugira ngo izo ndangagaciro zimakazwe, buri wese akwiye kugira
uruhare rwo gukumira no kwamagana ingeso mbi nimyitwarire igayitse
izibangamira, akubahiriza
kirazira zigomba gufatwa nkuruzitiro
ntarengwa rwo kurinda indangagaciro.
Mu kuzikwirakwiza, twashimangira uruhare rwababyeyi nabagisha,
umuryango mugari, ibitangazamakuru, abanyamadini ninzego
zubuyobozi zitandukanye, zaba iza Leta cyangwa izabikorera,
nimiryango itari iya Leta.
Kubahiriza indangagaciro bizubaka Abanyarwanda baharanira ishema
ryabo, bashaka impinduramatwara nziza kandi zihuta, bagamije
iterambere rirambye ryu Rwanda n imibereho myiza yabarutuye.

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