Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Ajuste de curvas
0011 0010
12
45
Sumrio:
1 Introduo
2 Quadrados Mnimos (Caso discreto Modelo linear)
3 Quadrados Mnimos (Caso discreto Modelo no linear)
3.1 Teste de alinhamento
4 Quadrados Mnimos (Caso contnuo)
0011 0010
12
45
1 Introduo
0011 0010
12
45
12
45
x1
x2
x3
...
xn
Yk
y1
y2
y3
...
yn
0011 0010
12
45
2 Mnimos Quadrados
Caso discreto - Modelo linear
0011 0010
12
45
0011 0010
12
45
0011 0010
12
45
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.23 1.35
1.5
1.7
1.8
yk
0.19 0.36 0.75 0.91 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.87 0.75 0.51 0.35
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.5
12
45
j(x)
1
yk
dk
0.5
-0.5
d2
d1
-1
0011 0010
-1.5
-2
d3
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5
12
45
d
k 1
2
k
d
k 1
2
k
j(x
k 1
k ) yk
a
g
(
x
)
a
g
(
x
)
a
g
(
x
)
y
1 1 k 2 2 k
n
n
k
k
k 1
k 1
0011 0010
12
45
j 1, 2,..., n.
(a1 ,...,a n )
0011 0010
12
45
a1
m
k1 g1(xk)g2(xk)
a1
m
m
y g (x )
k1 g2(xk)g1(xk) a 2 k1 gn(xk)g1(xk) a n k1 k 1 k
g
(x
)g
(x
)
k 1 1 k n k a1
m
k1 g2(xk)g2(xk)
m
a
2
k1 gn(xk)g2(xk)
n k1 yk g2(xk)
m
k1 g2(xk)gn(xk) a 2 k1 gn(xk)gn(xk)
a n k1 yk gn(xk)
A21
A
31
A
n1
A22 A23 A2 n
A32 A33 A3n
An 2 An 3 Ann
0011 0010
a1 b1
a 2 b2
a b
3 3
a b
n n
onde,
Aij gi(xk)gj(xk)
k 1
bi yk gi(xk)
k 1
12
45
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.23 1.35
1.5
1.7
1.8
yk
0.19 0.36 0.75 0.91 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.87 0.75 0.51 0.35
deve ser ajustada por uma parbola do tipo j(x) = a1 + a2x + a3x2.
12
12
F
2 [a1 + a2xk + a3xk2 yk] (1) = 0
a1
k 1
12
F
2 [a + a x + a x 2 y ] (x ) = 0
1
2 k
3 k
k
k
a 2
k 1
12
F
2 [a1 + a2xk + a3xk2 yk](xk2) = 0
a 3
k 1
0011 0010
12
45
12
12
2)
k 1
k 1
12
12
k 1
k 1
12
12
k 1
k 1
2 3
x
a
+
x
a
+
x
a
=
x
y
k
1
k
2
k
3
k
k
xk2a1 + xk3 a2 + xk4 a3 = xk2 yk
12
12
k1 1 a1 + k1
xk a2
12 2
+ xk a3
k 1
12
k1 yk
12
12
12
12
k 1
k 1
k 1
k 1
12
12
12
12
k 1
k 1
k 1
k 1
0011 0010
12
45
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0011 0010
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12
45
d [ yk j ( xk )]2
k 1
0011 0010
12
45
j ( x) 0.0136 1.0193sen
2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0011 0010
0.5
1.5
12
45
Parbola:
Sr [ y ( xk ) j ( xk )]2 0.00011
k 1
Senide:
12
Sr [ y ( xk ) j ( xk )]2 0.02835
k 1
0011 0010
12
45
St S r
r
St
2
Onde:
S t ( yk ym )
m
k 1
ym
yk
k 1
S r ( yk ji )
m
k 1
0011 0010
12
45