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Ques 1 -12 [1.5 marks] / Ques 13-25 [3 marks] / Ques 26-40 x 4.5 marks
-ve marks are one third
Test duration 2 hour
Q1. The triangle with vertices (1, 5); (3, 1) and (3, 5) is
(a) isosceles
(b)equilateral
(c) right angled
(d)None of these
Q2. If the points (4, 4), ( 4, 4) and (x, y) form an equilateral triangle then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)None of these
Q3. If (4, 6), (2, 3) and (2, 5) are vertices of a triangle, then its incentre is
(a) (1, 2)
(b)(2, 1)
(c) (1, 2)
(d) (2, 1)
Q4.Circumcentre of a triangle whose vertex are (0, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 6) is
(a)
(b)(0, 0)
(c) (2, 3)
(d) (4, 6)
Q5.Orthocentre of a triangle whose vertex are (8, 2), (2, 2) and (8, 6) is
(a) (8, 2)
(b)(8, 6)
(c)
(d) (0, 0)
Q6.The area of a triangle with vertices (3, 8); (4, 2) and (5, 1) is
3.75
(a) 40.5
(b)36.5
(c)
(d) 37.5
Q7.If D, E, F are mid points of the sides AB, BC and CA of a triangle formed by the points A(5, -1)
B(-7, 6) and C(1, 3), then area of DDEF is
(a) 2/5
(b)5/2
(c) 5
(d) 10
Q8. The point (4, 1) undergoes two successive transformations
(i) Reflection about the line y = x
(ii) Translation through a distance 2 units along the positive direction of x axis
The final position of the point is given by the coordinates
(a) (4, 3)
(b)
(3, 4)
(c)
(7/2, 7/2)
(d) (1, 4)
Q9.If A(c, 0) and B( c, 0) are two points, then the locus of a point P which moves such that
PA2+ PB2 = AB2 is
(a) x2 y2 =c2
(b)y2 = 4cx
(c) x2 + y2 = c2
(d)None of these
Q10. Let A(2, 3) and B(4, 5) are two fixed points. A point P moves in such a way that DPAB = 12
sq. units, then its locus is
(a) x2 + 6xy + 9y2 + 22 x + 66y 23 = 0
Q11.If sum of square of distances of a point from axes is 4, then its locus is
(a) x + y = 2
(b)x2 + y2 = 16
(c) x + y = 4
(d)x2 + y2 = 4
Q12.The extremities of diagonal of a right-angled triangle are (2, 0) and (0, 2), then locus of its third
vertex is
(a) x2 + y2 2x 2y = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 2x 2y = 0
(c) x2 + y2 2x + 2y = 0
(d) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y = 0
Q13.Keeping coordinate axes parallel, the origin is shifted to a point (1, 2), then transformed
equation of
x2 + y2 = 2 is
(a) x2 + y2 + 2x 4y + 3 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 3 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 2x 4y + 3 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 3 = 0
Q14.To remove xy term from the second degree equation 5x2 + 8xy + 5y2 + 3x + 2y + 5 = 0, the
coordinates axes are rotated through an angle q, then q equals
p/8
(a) p/2
(b) p/4
(c) 3p/8
(d)
Q15.The ratio in which the line y x + 2 = 0 divides the line joining (3, 1) and (8, 9) is
(a) 2 : 3
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 3 : 2
Q16.The area of the triangle, formed by the straight lines 7x 2y + 10 = 0, 7x + 2y 10 = 0 and 9x +
y + 2 = 0, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)None of these
Q17.Two vertices of a triangle are (3, 1) and ( 2, 3) and its orthocenter is origin, the coordinates of
the third vertex are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q18.The equation of the internal bisector of BAC of DABC with vertices A(5, 2), B(2, 3) and C(6,
5) is
(a) 2x + y + 12 = 0
(b) x + 2y 12 = 0
(c) 2x + y 12 = 0
(d)None of these
Q19.The equation of the straight line upon which the length of perpendicular from origin is
and this perpendicular makes an angle of 75 with the positive direction of x axis, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
units
Q20.The image of the point ( 8, 12) with respect to the line mirror 4x + 7y + 13 = 0 is
(a) (16, 2)
(b) ( 16, 2)
(c) (16, 2)
(d)( 16, 2)
Q21.The equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of lines 3x 4y 7 =
0 and 12x 5y 13 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 2x 3y + 5 = 0 is
(a) 33x + 22y + 13 = 0 (b) 33x + 22y 13 =
(c) 33x 22y + 13 = 0 (d)None of these
0
Q22.If the family of lines x(a + 2b) + y(a + 3b) = a + b passes through the point for all values of a
and b, then the coordinates of the points are
(a) (2, 1)
(b) (2, 1)
(c) ( 2, 1)
(d)None of these
Q23.The value of k so that the lines 2x 3y + k = 0, 3x 4y 13 = 0 and 8x 11y 33 = 0 are
concurrent, is
(a) 7
(b) 7
(c) 5
(d) 5
Q24.Let P be the image of the point ( 3, 2) with respect to x-axis. Keeping the origin as same, the
coordinate axes are rotated through an angle 60 in the clockwise sense. The coordinates of point P
with respect to the new axes are
(a)
(b)
(c)
x2 + y2 =
(b) x2 + y2 = 2c2
(c) x2 + y2 = c2
(d)x2 y2 = c2
(d)none of these
=0;xR
Q28.If sets A and B are defined as : A = {(x, y) : y = , x 0, x R} , B = {(x, y) : y =-x, x R}, then
(a) A B = A
(b) A B = B
(c) A B = f
(d)none of these
Q29.Let R be reflexive relation on a finite set A having n elements, and let there be m ordered pairs
in R. Then
(a) m n
(b) m n
(c) m = n
(d)none of these
Q30.f(x) = | sin x | has an inverse if its domain is :
(a) [ 0, p ]
(b)
(c)
(d)none of these
(c) 2 and 3
(d)1 and 2
Q32.If a is the set of the divisors of the number 15, B is the set of prime numbers smaller than 10 and
C is the set of even numbers smaller than 9, then (A C) B is the set
(a) {1, 3, 5}
(b) {1, 2, 3}
(c) {2, 3, 5}
(d){2, 5}
Q33.x, y and z are rational numbers. Consider the following statements in this regard
(1) x + 3 = y + z x = y
(2) xz = yz x = y
Which of the above statement(s) is / are correct ?
(a) 1 alone
(b) 2 alone
(d)Neither 1 nor 2
Q34.If second term of an AP is 2 and 7th term is 22, then sum of 9 terms is
(a) 126
(b) 126
(c) 90
(d)252
Q35.If Sn denotes the sum of the first n terms of an AP and S2n = 3Sn, then
(a) 7
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d)10
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q37.A square is drawn by joining the mid points of the given square a third square in the same way
and this process continues indefinitely. If a side of the first square is 16 cm, then the sum of the areas
of all the squares
(a) 128 sq cm
(b) 256 sq cm
(c) 512 sq cm
(d)1024 sq cm
Q38.If the pth term of an AP is
(a) 0
(b)
(pq 1)
(d)
(pq + 1)
Q39.If the AM between pth and qth terms of an AP be equal to AM between rth and sth terms of the AP,
then
(a) p + s = q + r
(b) p + q = r + s
(c) p + r = q + s
(d)p + q + r + s = 0
Q40.The value of 5 + 55 + 555 + to n terms is
(a) 10n + 1 10
Answers
Questi
on
Answ
er
Questi
on
(b)
(c)
(d)
[10n + 1 1 + 9n]
(10n + 1 10)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
d b b c
d a
b a
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
b c
d a
b b a
Answ
er
b d a
d a
b d c
b b
(d)
None of these
Q2. The equation of the circle which touches the axis of y at a distance + 4 from the origin and cuts off an intercept 6
from the axis of x is
(a)
x2 + y2 10x 8y + 16 = 0
(b)
x2 + y2 + 10x 8y + 16 = 0
(c)
x2 + y2 10x + 8y + 16 = 0
(d)
None of these
Q3. A circle of radius 2 lies in the first quadrant and touches both the axes of coordinates. The equation of the circle with
centre at (6, 5) and touching the above circle externally is
(a)
x2 + y2 + 12x 10y + 52 = 0
(b)
x2 + y2 12x + 10y + 52 = 0
(c)
x2 + y2 12x 10y + 52 = 0
(d)
None of these
Q4. The equation of the circle which has two normals (x 1) (y 2) = 0 and a tangent 3x + 4y = 6 is
(a)
(c)
x2 + y2 2x 4y + 4 = 0
x2 + y2 = 5
(b)
x2 + y2 + 2x 4y + 5 = 0
(d)
(x + 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 5
Q5. The coordinates of the middle point of the chord which the circle x2 + y2 + 4x 2y 3 = 0 cuts off on the line y = x +
2, are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q6. The equation of tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 25, which is inclined at an angle of 30 to the axis of x, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q7. The limiting points of the coaxal system determined by the circle x2 + y2 2x 6y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x 2y + 1 =
0 are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
None of these
Q9.The equation of the circle passing through (1, 0) and (0, 1) and having smallest possible radius is
(a)
x2 + y2 x y = 0
(b)
x2 + y2 + x + y = 0
(c)
x2 + y2 2x y = 0
(d)
x2 + y2 x 2y = 0
Q10.The radical axis of the circles, belonging to the coaxal system of circles whose limiting points are (1, 3) and (2, 6),
is
(a)
x 3y 15 = 0
(b)
x + 3y 15 = 0
(c)
x 3y + 15 = 0
(d)
2x + 3y 15 = 0
Q11. The equation of the circle, which touches the circle x2 + y2 6x + 6y + 17 = 0 externally and to which the lines x2
3xy 3x + 9y = 0 are normal, is
(a)
x2 + y2 6x 2y 1 = 0
(b)
x2 + y2 + 6x 2y + 1 = 0
(c)
x2 + y2 6x 2y + 1 = 0
(d)
None of these
Q12.A line meets the coordinate axes in A and B, and a circle is circumscribing triangle AOB where O is the origin. If m,
n are the distances of the tangents to this circle at the origin from the points A and B respectively, then the diameter of
the circle is
m+n
(a)
m(m + n)
(b)
n(m + n)
(c)
mn
(d)
Q13. Four distinct points (2K, 3K) , (1, 0), (0, 1) and (0, 0) lie on a circle when
(a)
(c)
K<0
(b)
0<K<1
(d)
Q14.The length of the tangent from any point on the circle 15x2 + 15y2 48x + 64y = 0 to the two circles
5x2 + 5y2 24x + 32y + 75 = 0 and 5x2 + 5y2 48x + 64y + 300 = 0 are in the ratio of
(a)
1: 2
(b)
2:3
(c)
3:4
(d)
none of these
Q15.The circles x2 + y2 + x + y = 0 and x2 + y2 + x y = 0 intersect at an angle of
(a)
p/6
(b)
p/4
(c)
p/3
(d)
p/2
Q16. The difference of the tangents of the angles which the lines
x2(sec 2q - sin 2q) 2xy tan q + y2 sin 2q = 0 with the x axis is
(a)
2 tan q
(b)
2
(c)
Q17. If the line y =
OC is
(a)
2 cot q
(d)
sin 2 q
cuts the curve x3 + y3 + 3xy + 5x2 + 3y3 + 4x + 5y -1 = 0 at the points A, B, C then OA . OB.
(b)
(c)
(d)
None of these
Q18.A variable line drawn through the point (1, 3) meets the x-axis at A and y-axis at B. If the rectangle OAPB is
completed, where O is the origin, then locus of P is
(a)
(b)
x + 3y = 1
(c)
(d)
3x + y = 1
Q19.ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle, right angled at A(2, 1). If the equation of side BC is 2x + y = 3, then the
combined equation of lines AB and AC is
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
None of these
Q20. If the line y = x is one of the angle bisector of the pair of lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, then
(a)
a+b=0
(b)
h=0
(c)
ab=0
(d)
None of these
Q21. If the sum of the slopes of the lines given by x2 2cxy 7y2 = 0 is four times their product, then c has the value:
(a)
1
(b)
1
(c)
2
(d)
2
Q22. If one of the lines given by 6x2 xy + 4cy2 = 0 is 3x + 4y = 0, then c equals:
(a)
1
(b)
1
(c)
3
(d)
Q23. If the pair of straight lines x2 2pxy y2 = 0 and x2 2qxy y2 = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle
between the other pair, then
(a)
p=q
(b)
p=q
(c)
pq = 1
(d)
pq = 1
Q24. The orthocenter of the triangle formed by the lines xy = 0 and x + y = 1 is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(0, 0)
(d)
Q25. Let L1 be a straight line passing through the origin and L2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the intercepts made by
the circle x2 + y2 x + 3y = 0 on L1 and L2 are equal, then which of the following equations can represents L1?
(a)
x+y=0
(b)
xy=0
(c) x + 7y = 0
(d)
x 7y = 0
Q26.The number of numbers are there between 100 and 1000 in which all the digits are distinct is
(a)
648
(b)
548
(c)
448
(d)
none of these
Q27.The number of arrangements of the letters of the word CALCUTTA is
(a)
5040
(b)
2550
(c) 40320
(d)
10080
Q28. How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word PATLIPUTRA without changing the position
of the vowels and consonants?
(a) 2160
(b)
180
(c) 720
(d)
none of these
Q29. How many different words ending and beginning with a consonant can be formed with the letters of the word
EQUATION?
(a) 720
(b)
4320
(c)
1440
(d)
none of these
Q30.The number of 4 digit numbers divisible by 5 which can be formed by using the digits 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 is
(a)
36
(b) 42
(c)
48
(d)
none of these
Q31.The number of ways in which 5 biscuits can be distributed among two children is
(a)
32
(b) 31
(c) 30
(d)
none of these
Q32.How many five-letter words containing 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be formed using the letters of the word
EQUATION so that the two consonants occur together?
(a)
1380
(b)
1420
(c) 1440
(d)
none
Q33.If the letters of the word RACHIT are arranged in all possible ways and these words are written out as in a
dictionary, then the rank of this word is
(a)
365
(b)
702
(c) 481
(d)
none of these
Q34.On the occasion of Dipawali festival each student of a class sends greeting cards to the others. If there are 20
students in the class, then the total number of greeting cards exchanged by the students is
20
(a)
C2
(b)
2 . 20C2
(c) 2 . 20P2
(d)
none of these
Q35.The sum of the digits in the unit place of all the numbers formed with the help of 3, 4, 5, 6 taken all at a time is
(a)
18
(b)
108
(c) 432
(d)
144
Q36.How many six digits numbers can be formed in decimal system in which every succeeding digit is greater than its
preceding digit
9
10
(a)
P6
(b)
P6
(c) 9P3
(d)
none of these
Q37.How many ways are there to arrange the letters in the work GARDEN with the vowels in alphabetical order?
(a)
120
(b)
240
(c) 360
(d)
480
Q38.A five-digit numbers divisible by 3 is to be formed using the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, without repetition. The
total number of ways this can be done is
(a)
216
(b)
240
(c) 600
(d)
3125
Q39.How many different nine digit numbers can be formed from the number 223355888 by rearranging its digits so that
the odd digits occupy even positions?
(a)
16
(b) 36
(c)
60
(d)
180
Q40.The number of arrangements of the letters of the word BANANA in which the two Ns do not appear adjacently is
(a)
40
(b) 60
(c) 80
(d)
100
Questio
n
Answer
Questio
n
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
c
d
3
1
Answer
Answers
1 1 1
1 2 3
1
0
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
25
bc
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
8
3
9
4
0
(d)
none of these
Q2.The equation of the parabola whose focus is (3, 4) and directrix is the line x + y 2 = 0, is
(a)
x2 + 2xy + y2 8x + 20y + 46 = 0
(b)
x2 2xy + y2 8x + 20y + 46 = 0
(c)
x2 2xy + y2 + 8x 20y + 46 = 0
(d)
None of these
Q3.The equation of the tangent to the parabola y2 = 6x at the point whose ordinate is 6, is
(a)
x + 2y + 6 = 0
(b)
2x y + 6 = 0
(c) x 2y + 6 = 0
(d)
None of these
(d)
None of these
Q5.The equation of the tangent to the parabola y2 = 16x inclined at an angle of 60 to x axis, is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q6.The point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to a parabola lies on the
(a)
axis
(b) tangent at the vertex
(c)
directrix
None of these
(d)
None of these
(b)
(c)
(d)
None of these
Q8.The locus of the poles of tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax w.r.t. the parabola y2 = 4bx is the parabola
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1/2
(d)
Q10.If the focal distance of a point on the parabola y2 = 4x is 6, then the coordinates of the point are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
None of these
Q11.The equation of the ellipse referred to its axes as the axes of coordinates with length of major axis 8 and
eccentricity
, is
(a)
4x2 + 3y2 = 48
(b)
3x2 + 4y2 = 48
(c)
4x2 + 3y2 = 24
(d)
None of these
Q12.The equation of the ellipse with focus ( 1, 1), directrix x y + 3 = 0 and eccentricity
, is
(a)
7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x + 10y + 7 = 0
(b)
7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x 10y + 7 = 0
(c)
7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x 10y 7 = 0
(d)
None of these
Q14.The condition that the line x cos a + y sin a = p may be a tangent to the ellipse
is
(a)
a2 cos2 a + b2 sin2 a = p2
(b)
a2 cos2 a + b2 sin2 a = 2p2
(c)
a2 sin2 a + b2 cos2 a = p2
(d)
None of these
Q15.If the normal at the end of a latus rectum of an ellipse passes through one extremity of the minor axis, then
(a)
e4 + e2 1 = 0
(b)
e4 e2 + 1 = 0
(c)
e4 e2 1 = 0
(d) None of these
Q16.In how many ways can 5 beads out 7 different beads be strung into a string?
(a)
504
(b)
2520
(c)
252
(d)
none of these
Q17.A person has 12 friends, out of them 8 are his relatives. In how many ways can he invite his 7 friends so as to
include his 5 relatives?
8
12
12
(a)
C3 x 4 C2
(b)
C7
(c)
C5 x 4 C3
(d)
none of these
Q18.It is essential for a student to pass in 5 different subjects of an examination then the no. of method so that he may
failure
(a)
31
(b)
32
(c)
10
(d)
15
Q19.The number of ways of dividing 20 persons into 10 couples is
(a)
20
(b)
C10
(c)
(d)
none of these
Q20.The number of words by taking 4 letters out of the letters of the word COURTESY, when T and S are always
included are
(a)
120
(b)
720
(c)
360
(d)
none of these
Q21.The number of ways to put five letters in five envelopes when one letter is kept in right envelope and four letters in
wrong envelopes are
(a)
40
(b)
45
(c)
30
(d)
70
Q22.
(a)
is equal to
51
C4
(b)
52
C4
(c)
53
C4
(d)
none of these
Q23.A candidate is required to answer 6 out of 10 questions which are divided into two groups each containing 5
questions and he is not permitted to attempt more than 4 from each group. The number of ways in which he can make
up his choice is
(a)
100
(b)
200
(c)
300
(d)
400
Q24.Out of 10 white, 9 black and 7 red balls, the number of ways in which selection of one or more balls can be made,
is
(a)
881
(b)
891
(c) 879
(d)
892
Q25.The number of diagonals in an octagon are
(a)
28
(b)
48
(c)
20
(d)
none of these
Q26.Out of 10 given points 6 are in a straight line. The number of the triangles formed by joining any three of them is
(a)
100
(b)
150
(c) 120
(d)
none of these
Q27.In how many ways the letters AAAAA, BBB, CCC, D, EE, F can be arranged in a row when the letter C occur at
different places?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
none of these
Q28.A is a set containing n elements. A subset P of A is chosen. The set A is reconstructed by replacing the elements of
P. A subset Q of A is again chosen. The number of ways of chosen P and Q so that P Q = f is
(a)
22n 2nCn
(b)
2n
(c)
2n 1
(d)
3n
Q29.A parallelogram is cut by two sets of m lines parallel to the sides, the number of parallelograms thus formed is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Q30.Along a railway line there are 20 stations. The number of different tickets required in order so that it may be
possible to travel from every station to every station is
(a)
380
(b)
225
(c)
196
(d)
105
Q31.The number of ordered triplets of positive integers which are solutions of the equation x + y + z = 100 is
(a)
5081
(b)
6005
(c)
4851
(d)
none of these
Q32.The number of numbers less than 1000 that can be formed out of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, no digit being
repeated, is
(a)
130
(b)
131
(c)
156
(d)
none of these
Q33.A variable name in certain computer language must be either a alphabet or alphabet followed by a decimal digit.
Total number of different variable names that can exist in that language is equal to
(a)
280
(b)
290
(c)
286
(d)
296
Q34.The total number of ways of selecting 10 balls out of an unlimited number of identical white, red and blue balls is
equal to
12
12
10
10
(a)
C2
(b)
C3
(c)
C2
(d)
C3
Q35.Total number of ways in which 15 identical blankets can be distributed among 4 persons so that each of them get
atleast two blankets equal to
10
9
11
(a)
C3
(b)
C3
(c)
C3
(d)
none of these
Q36.The number of ways in which three distinct numbers in AP can be selected from the set {1, 2, 3, , 24}, is equal to
(a)
66
(b)
132
(c) 198
(d)
none of these
Q37.The number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is:
8
(a)
5
(b)
21
(c) 38
(d)
C3
Q38.The number of ways in which 6 men and 5 women can dine at a round table if no two women are to sit together is
given by:
(a)
6! x 5!
(b)
30
(c) 5! x 4!
(d)
7! x 5!
Q39.If nCr denotes the number of combinations of n things taken r at a time, then the expression nCr + 1 + nCr 1 + 2 x nCr
equals:
n+2
n+2
n+1
n+1
(a)
Cr
(b)
Cr + 1
(c)
Cr
(d)
Cr + 1
Q40.If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all possible ways and these are written out as in dictionary, then
the word SACHIN appears at serial number
(a)
600
(b)
601
(c)
602
(d)
603
Answers
1 1 1
1 2 3
Questio
n
1
0
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
25
Answer
Questio
n
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
8
3
9
4
0
Answer
Center
Genreal second degree equationax2+ by2 + 2hxy + 2yx +2fy +C = 0
this equation refresent circle when,
a = b,h = 0 , g2 + f2
Equation of circle in different forms (1) Centre(h1K) radius a :(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = a2
standard form (when center is origin):x2 + y2 = a2
(2).center (h,k)and pass through originx2 + y2 - 2hx - 2ky = 0
Why :here
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2 = h2 + k2
x2+ y2 - 2hx - 22ky = 0
Center(h,k) and touches the axis of x-y
x2+y2- 2hx - 2ky + h2= 0
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = k2
or, x2+ y2 - 2hx - l2ky + h2 = 0
(4)Center(h,k) and touches the axis of yx2 + y2-2hx -2ky + k2 = 0
Why :From fig it is clear that radius will be h .
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = h2
or, x2+ y2- 2hx - 2ky +k2 = 0
Circle which touches both the axis:Center will be(h, h)and radius will be h. But since center would be in any of the four quadrants its coordinates can be taken as
radius h.
Illustration -1-. Find the equation of circle passing through (-2, 3) and touching both the axes.
Solution- As the circle toucher both theaxed and lies in 2ndquadrant, lits centre is
from (- 2, 3) = radius .
(6) Circle whose diameter is the line joining two point A (s1, y1 ) and B (x2, y2)Diametric form:(xx- x1)(x - x2) + (y - y1(y - y2) = 0
isparameter (radius)
Illustration -2- Find the equation a circle which touches the .y axis at (0, 4) and cuts an intercept of length .6 units on x axis .
Solution- The equation of circle toching x = 0 at (0,4) can be taken as (x - 0)2 + (y - 42 ) + kx = 0
x2 + y2 + kx - 8y + 16 = 0
the circle cuts x -axis point (x1, 0) .8 (x2, 0 )given by, x2 + kx + 16 = 0
Xintercept difference of root of this quadratic equation 6 = | x2 - x1|
36 = (x2 + x1)2 - 4x1 .x2
36 = k2- 4 (16)
k = 10
Hence the required circle is ,
x2 + y2
10 x - 8y + 16 = 0
2)s =1x12 + y1 2 - a2
3) T = xx1 + yy1 - a2
* If s1> 0
* If s1< 0
* If s1 0
Ans-
and r =
Now PC > r
=> PC2 > r2
=> (x1 +y)2+(y1 +f)2 > y2 + f 2- c
=> x12 + y12 2gx, + 2fy1 + c > 0
(1) A line L and a circle intersed in two point A and B .
=> d < r
=> Perpendi cular distance of line L from the centre of circle is less than the radius, and the length of te chors AB is :(2) A line L and +a circle touch each other at a point P.
=> d = r
=> Perpendicular distance of L from the centre of circle = radius.
(3) A line L and a circle may not intersect at all
=> .d > r
=> Perpendicular distance of line from the centre of circle is greater than the radius .
(4) A line y = mx + c touches circle x2 + y2 = a2
If :- perpendicular distance of line from centre of the circle
= radius of the circle
Illustration- For what value of m, will line y = mx does not intersect the circle x2+y2 + 20 X +20y + 20 = 0
Solution- IF the line y = mx does not intersect the circle ; the perpendicular distance of the line from the centre of the circle must be
greater than its radius .
Centre of circle (-10, -10) ; radius
distance of line mx - y = 0 from (-10, -10)
=> |m(-10)-(-10)|
=>(2m + 1) (m + 2) < 0
=> -2 < m < - 1/2
Intersection of line with circleLet the line be y = mx + d and circle is x2+ y2 +2gx + 2fy + c
thes x. Coordinate of their point of intersection are given by, (1 + m2)x2+ (2g + 2fm +2dm) x + d2+ 2fd + = o
Why :When the two curves intersect, both the curves will be simultaneously satisfied.
So y = mx + d can be replaced in
x2y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =0
=> x2 + (mx + d )2 + 2gx + 2f (mx + d) + c =0
=> (1 + m)2 + (2g + 2fm + 2dm) x + d2 + 2fd + c = 0
if. (i) B2 - 4AC = 0 then line touches the circle.
2
(ii) B - 4AC = > 0 then the line intersect circle at 2 different point.
(iii) B2 - 4AC = < 0 then no real intersecti takes place.
Illustration 4- Find the point on the circle x2 + y2
= 4 whose distance from the line 4x + 3y = 12 is 4/5 .
Soluction- Let A,B be the point on x2/u> + y2 = 4 luing ar a distance 4/5 from 4x + 3y = 12
=> AB will be parallel to 4x + 3y = 12
=>
=> 25 x2 - 64x + 28 = 0
=> x = 2, 14/25
y = 0, 48/25
AB (4x + 3y - 16 = 0)
be the point on the circle x2 + y2= 4 distance . 4/5 from given line. the distsnce from line = 4/5
Solve for
to get the point .
Equation of tangent in general form is :xx1 + yy1+ g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c = 0
equation of tangent on standard form :xx1 + yy1 a2 = 0
Why :-
y - y1 (x - x1)
(y - y1) (y1 + f) = - (x1 + y) (x - x1)
on solving we get,
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + = 0
Equation of tangen
T=0>
Equation of tangent.
Lngth of tangent:-
length
Why :let equation of circle be
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
then center is c (-g, -f) and radius = f
length of tangent = PA
on solving we get ,
length of tangent
length
Condition of or line y = mx + c to be a ltangent to x2+ y2 = a2 Condition:c2 = a2 (1 + m2)
Equation of tangent:y = mx
Why -?
putting y = mx + c in x2 + y2 = a2
x2 + (mx + c)2 = a2
(1 + m2) x2 + 2mxc + c2 - a2 = 0
4m 2 - c2 -4 (c2 - a2 ) (1 + m2) = 0
c2 = a2(1 + m2)
Similarily when circle equation is (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = a2
equation of tangent with slope m
=> (y - k) = m (x - h)
Dumb question :- Why D is taken zero ?
Ans- Line is touching circle.
It means on ksolving line and circle We will get only are solution It means quadratic of x will lhave repeated roots if means D = 0
Illustration- Find the equation of two tangents drawn to the circle x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 from point (0, 1)
Solution- let m be the slope of the tangent .
For true lengths here will be two values of m which are requited.
As the regent pases through (0, 1) its equation will be .
(y - 1) = m(x - 0)
mx - y + 1 = 0
Now the centre of circle (x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y = 0) is (1,-2) and radius r =
So using the condition of tangencu distance of centre (1, - 2) from line = radius (r)
=> m = 2, -
1/2
=> h + k - 2 = (h - k - 2)
Case(I)- h + k - 2 = h - k -2 => k = 0
radius =
Circle is :
Case(II) - h + k - 2 = - (h - k - 2)
=> k2 = 72 + 2 (k - 3)2
=> k2 = 12 k + 90 = 0
The equation has no real roots. Hence no circle is possible for h = 2 .
Hence only two circle are possible (k = 0)
Equation of normalThe normal to a curve at any P of a curve is the straight line which passes through P and is perpendicular to the tangent at P .
The equation of normal to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at any point l(x1,y1) is :y(x1 + g) - x (y1 + f) +fx1 + gy1 = 0
Why :normal will be OP
slope OP =
equation of normal -
on sloving we get,
y(x1 + y) - x(y1 + f) + fx1 - gy1 = 0
With respect to circle S = 0
Equation of chord of contact:-
T=0
Why :Equation of circle S = 0
Whose, S = x2 + y2 - a2
Equation of AP => xx2 + yy2 - a2 = 0
Equation of BP => xx3 + yy3 - a2 = 0
Both passes through P .
x1x2+ y1y2 - a2 = 0 ..............(1)
x1x3+ y1y3 - a2 = 0 ..............(2)
Now consider
xx1+ yy1 - a2 = 0 ..............(3)
from (1), (2) and (3) it is lvery that clear that A and B
lies on (3)
equation of AB is
xx1+ yy1 - a2 = 0
=> T = 0
Equation of chord lhaving mid point (x1, y1)
Only one such chord is possible
Equation of chord
T - s1 = 0
xx1+ yy1 +g(x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c
= x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
(y - y1) = (x - x1)
on solving we get,
T = S1
T - S1 = 0
Illustration- Find the co-ordinates of the point from which tangen are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y + 3= 0 such that mid point of its
chord of contact is (1, 1).
Ans- S = x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y + 3
on solving, .
x1 = - 1, y1 = 0
In previous illastration why .
Why not x1 - 3 =2
y x1 - 3 =2 ?
Solution - On comparing two equation a1 x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2 x + b2y + c2 = 0
If both the above equation are of some line, then we get :-
r1 ; r 2
Illustration- Examine if the two circle x2 + y2 - 8y - 4 = 0 & x2 + y2 - 2x -4y = 0 touch each other find the point contact if they touch.
Solution- For x2 + y2 -2x - 4y = 0 centre c1 (1, 2)
& x2 + y2 -8x - 4 = 0 centre c2 (0, 4)
using
Now c1c2 =
=> r2 - r1=
Parabola
Introduction
Parabola is a curve of infinite extent and is not often obsened in real life as circles or shaight line are . However, the parabplaic curres
are very important and have some vert good propertvies like the light raus reflected from parabolic surface passes through one foxed
point. This property of parabola is luidely used in making lenses and in optics.
The brridges also take parabolic shape have been centuries lod. So, now let us start studying this interesting curre in more detail.
Parabola is locus of point which moves such that its distance from fixed point (focus) is always equat to its distance from fixed line
(directrix) i.e. eccentricity, e = 1 .
Note: The distance from fixed point to the distance from fixed line is calle
General second degree equation: eccentncity.
The equation ax2 by + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
(1) Second degrel thrms make a perfict square. or n 2 = ab.
Why ?
Let the fixed point be
. and fixed line ax + by + 1 = 0 Let variable point be (h,k).
Now,according to the definition of parabola.
the distance of (h,K) from (
So locus of
On simplification, we get
(a2 + b2)
=(ax + by + 1)2
The expression reduces to
b2 x 2 + a2 y2 - 2abxy + .....linear terms .... + conjtant=(bx - ay)2 + ......linear terms + constant = 0.
So, second deqree terms make perfect squarc.
Dumb Question: Why is h2= ab same as second term making a perfect squarc ?
Ans The second degree terms in equation are
ax2 + by2+ 2hxy .
Now if h2 = ab
then
(2)
Illustration 1
Ide ntify the locus of point which move such that its distance from given point and line is equal ?
(i) (-3,7) is the point and x + 2y - 8 = 0 is given line .
Ans Now according to the question, let the point whose locus is to be determined be (x,y).
or,
=>. 5 (x2 + 9 + bx + y2 + 49 -14y)
= x24y2 + 64 -16 x - 32y +4xy
= 4x2 + y2 - 4xy + 46x - 38y + 226 = 0
Considening 20 term, 4x2 y2 - 4xy = (2x - y)2 which is a perfect square.
Now consider
Important properties
(i) Vertex 0 (0,0)
(ii) Focus s(9,0)
(iii) Foot of directrix (-9,0)
(iv) Directrix x + a = 0
(v) Equation of catus rectum x = a
and length of Latus retum = 4a .
(vi) Axis y= 0.
(vii) Extremiofies of latus retum (91 2a) & (91-2a)
Note : Two parabolas are said to be equal if their length of latus rectii are equal .
Parabola
Introduction
Types of parabola
x + a = 0 y2 = 4ax, a > 0
s
Y2 = - 4ax, a > 0
Transformation of parabola.
(a) (y - R)2 = 4a (x - h) , a > 0
The vcetex will be (h , k), openitng of parabola will be on = ve side of axis, axis will be || to x axis and dire ctrox well be || to y axis.
s
(c) (x -h 2) = 4a (y - yR), a > 0
The vertex will be at (h,K) opening of parabola will be on +ve side of yaxis , axis will be || t y - axid and directrix || to x - axis
Illustration 2.
Find the vertex, axis, focus, and latus rectum of parabola
4y2+ 12x -x - 20y + 67 = 0
Ans The equation can be written as
y2- 5y = - 3x - 67/4 .
i.e. (y-5/22) = - 3x - 64/2 + 25/4 .
= - 3(x + 7/2)
So, this a transformed parabola whose vertex is (-7/2, 5/2), the axis is y = 5/2.
The length of latus rectum = |4a| = 3
and a = -3/4 .
So, focis is (-7/2 - 3/4 1 5/52)
= (-17/4 1 5/2).
Natations :
For standard parabola (y2 = 4ax)
1) S y2- 4ax
2) S1 y 12- 4ax1
3) T yy1-2a(x + x1)
4) F (at ,2 2at)
Position of a point (x1,y1) w. r. t y2 = 4ax
If S1 > 0 => Outside parabola.
S1 < 0 => Inside parabola.
S1 0 => On parabola.
Why ?
Suppose a point is outside parabola .
Dumb Question:- What dose inside and outside the parabola mean in a curre like parabola which is not closed ?
Ans :- the wird "outside" refers to the region from where tangent can be drawn . On other hand, the region from where tangent cannot
be drawn is fefference as "in side" the parabola.
Par ame tric form.
x = at2, y = 2at where t is a parameter represents the parametric form.
(at2, 2at) is general point on parabola y2 = 4ax .
Illustration 2.
Find the equations of the parabola if the extremeties of its latus ractum are (3,5) and (3,7).
Ans.
Now the length of latus ractuin is
So, 4a = 2 or a = 1/2 .
Now middle point of catus ractum is
(3+3/2, 5+7/2) = (3,6) which is focus of parabola.
So the two cases as shown in figure below are possible.
Since the vertex is at a distance a away from the parabola the vertices are (7/2, 6) and (5/2,6).
Now lBy transformation of parabolas the two parabolas possible are
(y-6)2 = 4(1/2) (x-5/2)
& (y-6)2 = 4(1/2) (x-7/2).
So, equation of parabolas are
(y-6)2 = 2 (x-5/2)
& (y-6)2 =2 (x-7/2)
HYPERBOLA
Introduction
Hyperbola is a very important lonic section. It has a wide use in further engineering courses. Hyperbola is a very special curve which is
very rarely seen in day to day life. The new concepts such as touching the curve at infinity fills us with a great excitement to read this
chapter, so enjoy the curve named hyperbola by getting into the chapter and feel the touch of the line to the line to the curve at infinity.
DEFINATION:
The locus of point which moves in a plane such that its distance from a fixed point called focus is e times (e > 1) its distance from a
fixed line called directrix.
EQUATION OF HYPERBOLA
where b2 = a2(e2-1)
Why ?
Let s be the focus & ZM the directix of the hyperbola. Draw SZ
ZM & Divided SZ internally & externally in the ratio e:1 (e>1) & let A &
A' be their internal & external points of division, then
SA = eAZ & ...................(1)
SA'= eA'Z ........................(2)
Points A & A' will lie on the hyperbola. Let AA' = ZA & take C, the mid point of AA' of AA' as origin.
i.e. CA = CA' = a
Let P be any point on the hyperbola.
Then adding (1)& (2) we get
SA + SA' = e( AZ + A'Z)
(CS - CA) + (CS + CA') = eAA'
2cs + CA' - CA = e(za)
But CA' = CA, Hence
2CS = 2ae
CS = ae
Thus focus S is ( ae, 0)
Now subtrating (1) from (2) use get
SA'- SA = C(A'Z - AZ)
AA' = e[( CA' + CZ) - (CA - CZ)]
AA' = e[2CZ + CA' - CA]
But CA'= CA, then
2a = e(2cz)
CZ = a/e
Thus directrix is x = a/e
Now draw PM
MZ
We know by the definaton of hyperbola, that
= SP = ePM
= (sp)2 = e2(pm)2
=
= (x - ae)2 + y2 = (ex - a)2
= x2 + a2e2 - 2aex + y2 = e2x2 + a2 - 2aex
= x2(e2 - 1) - y 2 = a2(e2 - 1)
=
where b2 = a2(e2 - 1)
ILLUSTRATION : 1 .
Find the equation of hyperbola whose foci are (2, 4) & (10, 4) & eccentricity is 2.
Ans: We know that the center of hyperbola is the mid point of two foci i.e. coordinates of centers are (6, 4). We also know that the
distance between two foci is 2ae.
i.e (10 - 2)2 + (4 - 4)2 = (zae)2
2ac = 8
4a = 8
a=2
b2 = a 2(e2 -1),
Hence
a=2
b2 = 4(4 - 1) = 12
The required equation of hyperbola is
e=
(iii) FOCI: Foci consists of two points on the transvers axis of hyperbola whose mid point is the center of hyperbola. Coordinates: (Iae,
0)
(iv) DIRECTRICES : There are the two lines perpendicula to the transverse axis on oppsite sieds of centre. In standard form directrices
are
(v) AXES : In standard form points A(a,0) & A'(-a, 0) are called the vertices of hyperbola line AA' is called transverse axis &
perpendicular to this is called conjugate axis.
(vi) DOUBLE ORDINATES : This is the length of the chord of hyperbola with end points as a, a', which is perpendicular to the
transverse axis.
If the abscissa of Q is h then
&
(vii) LATUS RECTUM: The double coordinates which pass through foci are called Latus rectums. The abscissa of Latus rectums are
rectum is
(viii) FOCAL CHORD : A chord of hyperbola that passes through focus is called the focal chord of hyperbola.
are
x = a sec
y = b tan
why ?
Let
be the hyperbola with centre C & transverse axis AA', Then the circle drawm with centre C & segment AA' as
diameter is called auxiliary circle. Equation is:
x2 + y 2 = a2
Let P be any point on hyperbola & Q on circle Draw PN perpendicular to axis & NQ be the tangent ot circle, then join CQ.
Let
eccentric angle of P
since Q = (a cos
, a sin
x = CN = a sec
But P(x, y) lies on hyperbola, then
y = b tan
are x= sec
, y = tan
ILLUSTRATION : 2. Find the centre, foci, vertices, eccentricity, length, of axes, Latus Rectum & directrices of the hyperbola 3x2 - 2y2 +
12x + 4y + 4 =0
Ans: 3x2 - 2y2 + 12x + 4y + 4
= 3(x2 + 4x + 4 - 4) - 2 (y 2 - 2y + 1 - 1) + 4
3(x+2)2 - 12 - 2(y - 1)2 + 2 + 4 = 0
3(x + 2)2 - 2 (y - 1)2 = 6
Centre = (- 2, 1)
Here a2 = 2
b2 = 3
Hence
foci = ( ae, 0) =
vertics = ( ae,0) =
eceentricity =
length of axex = 2a & 2b
=
Latus Rectum =
Directrices =
HYPERBOLA
FOCAL DISTANCES OF A POINT:
Another Defination of hyperbola is that the difference of focal distances of any point on hyperbola is constant & equal to the length of
transverse axis of the hyperbola.
Why ?
SP = ePM = e
= ex1 - a
The point (x1, y2) lies outside, on ,or inside the hyperbola
accordingly as
< , = or > 0
Why ?
Let P = (x1, y2) & Q = (x1 y1)
Draw QL perpendicular to x axis then
QL > PL
y1 > y2
Adding
on both sides
But
Hence
When point lies outside. Similarly we can prove that when point lies on of inside the hyperbola Then
LINE AND A HYPERBOLA
in two points, one point or will not cut accordingly as c2 >, = or < a2m2 - b2
Why ?
Let the line be y = mx + c ............................................. (1)
c2 + b2 - a2m2 > 0
c2 >a2m2 - b2
Line will touch the parabola if D = 0
i.e. c2 + b2 - a2m2 = 0
c2 = a2m2 - b2
at (x 1y1) is
i.e. T = 0 where T =
Why ?
The equation of hyperbola is:
(y - y1) =
a2y1y - a2y12 = b2x1x - b2x12
Dividing whole equation by a2b2 we get
But
, b tan
at
) is
Why ?
We have to paranetric equations of hyperbola as
x = a sec
& y = b tan
cos
cos
- ab sin
)=
= cos
bx - ab
= - ab cos2
- bx cos
is required equation.
SLOPE FORM:
of slope m is y = mx
Why ?
Let the line with slope m be
y = mx + c, tangent to
......................................... (2)
Comparing (1) & (2) as they are the same equation we get
&
3-D GEOMETRY
Introduction
Three dimensional geometry developed accordance to Einsteins field equations. It is useful in several branches of science like it is
useful in Electromagnetism. It is used in computer alogorothms to construct 3D models that can be interactively experinced in virtual
reality fashion. These models are used for single view metrology. 3-D Geometry as carrier of information about time by Einstein. 3-D
Geometry is extensively used in quantum & black hole theory.
Section Formula:
(1) Integral division: If R(x, y, z) is point dividing join of P(x1, y1, z1) & Q(x2, y2, z3) in ratio of m : n.
Then, x =
,y=
,z=
(2) External division: Coordinates of point R which divides join of P(x1, y1, z1) & Q(x2, y2, z2) externally in ratio m : n are
Illustration: Show that plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides line joining (x1, y1, z1) & (x2, y2, z2) in ratio of
Ans: Let plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 divides line joining (x1, y1, z1) & (x2, y2, z2) in ratio K : 1
Coordinates of P
K=Direction Cosines:
Let
is a vector
, cos
& cos
direction angles.
& lies 0
, r cos
, r cos
) where OP = r
, r cos
(iii) l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
Proof: |
|
|=|
2
|=
2
| = x + y + z = l 2|
|2 + m2|
|2 + n2| |2
. They
l2 + m 2 + n 2 = 1
(iv)
Direction ratios: Suppose l, m, & n are direction cosines of vector & a, b, c are no.s such that a, b, c are proportional to l, m, n.
These a, b, c are c/d direction ratios.
=k
Suppose a, b, c are direction ratios of vector
=
a2
+ b2
l=
+ c2
l = a, m =
l2 + m 2 + n2 = 1
2
=1
,m=
Note: (i) If
b, n =
,n=
,m=
,n=
are a, b, c
=
(iv) Projection of segment joining points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) on a line with direction cosines l, m, n, is:
(x2 - x1)l + (y2 - y1)m + (z2 - z1)n
&
&
1 - sin
+ cos2
sin
+ 1 - sin
2
+ sin
+ cos2
2
+ sin2
+ sin2
+ sin
=1
+ 1 - cos2
2
& n = cos
=1
=2
Angle b/w two vectors in terms of direction cosines & direction ratios:
(i) Suppose
&
are two vectors having d.c's l1, m1, n1 & l2, m2, n2 respectively. Then,
&
Ans:
But l12 + m12 + n12 = 1
=2
So,
cos
=
cos
&
. Then
&
cos
cos
=
Note: (i) If two lines are
cos
then,
= 1 or
or
(A)
40 loge4
(B)
30 loge3
(C)
20 loge2
(D)
10 loge2
2. A cylindrical tube contains two ideal gases with equal masses. The molar masses of
the gas are M1M= 32 and M2 = 28 respectively. The gases are seperated by one movable
partition A and another fixed partition B as shown in Figure. The movable partition can
move freely without friction inside the cylinder. The ratio of the heights of the gases
inside the cylinder in equilibrium is
(A)
0.875
(B)
1.143
(C)
0.9
(D)
0.6
3. Two masses m1 and m2 initially infinite distance apart are at rest. Then velocities of approach when the seperation between
them becomes r, is given by v1 = km2 and v2 = km1 respectively. If k is a constant for a given distance r, then the value of k is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4. One end of a string of length L is tied to the ceiling of a lift accelerating upwards with an acceleration g/2. The linear mass
density of the string is (x) = 0 x1/2 where, x is measured from the bottom. The time taken by a pulse to reach from bottom to top
is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5. The number of emission lines of atomic hydrogen spectrum between 400 nm to 700 nm according to Bohr' s theory is
(A)
1
(B)
4
(C)
3
(D)
6
6. A lake is lit by an under water isotropic lamp. The refractive index of water is 4/3. If the surface of the lake is covered by a layer
of refractive index
, the fraction of light totally internally reflected at water-oil surface is (Assume that the lake is absolutely
calm and that both the oil and water are 100% transparent).
(A)
0.25
(B)
0.5
(C)
0.75
(D)
1
Multiple Option Question
7. The Figure shows the displacement of a particle going along the x-axis as a function
of time. The force acting on the particle is zero in the region.
(A)
AB
(B)
BC
(C)
CD
(D)
DE
(A)
>
>
o
E = 50 C and
(C)
= 50 C,
and
(B)
= 62.5oC and
= 37.5oC
(D)
= 50oC,
= 60oC and
= 40oC
9. In the circuit shown the potential difference across 3 F capacitor is V and the
equivalent capacitance between A and B is CAB?
(A)
CAB = 4
(C)
(B)
V = 20 V
CAB =
F
V = 40 V
(D)
10. A thin biconvex lens with their radius of curvature 20 cm and 30 cm is placed with its principal axis first along a beam of
parallel red light and then along a beam of parallel blue light. If the local length for the mean colour is 23.1 cm, B = 1.528 and
= 1.504, the seperation of foci for red and blue light is f. The dispersive power of the material of the lens is . Then
f = 1.08 cm
(A)
f = 2.16 cm
(B)
= 0.47
(C)
(D)
= 0.047
Take
PASSAGE
The techniques of solving the motion of a body with respect to a non-inertial frame of reference is by introducing the concept of
PSeudo forces.
Suppose a frame of reference S' moves with constant acceleration
particle P measured with respect to S' is PS' and that with respect to S is
Since S' is translating with respect to S, we have
PS
=
or
m
=m
PS
-m
PS'
PS'
PS
PS.
S'S
S'S
SS'
PS
is equal to the sum of all the forces acting on P. Writing this sum as
, we get m
-m
This equation relates the acceleration of the particle and forces acting on it. Comparing it with equation = m where
acceleration is measured in an inertial frame the acceleration of frame with respect to an inertial frame comes into the equation.
Newton' s law
on the particle before using the equation. It can be noted that in this extra term m is the mass of particle under cosideration and
is the acceleration of working frame reference with respect to the inertial frame. We are so familiar with Newton' s laws that we
would like to use the same equation for this frame also. This can be done if we call (- m ) a force acting on the particle. Then
while preparing the list of forces acting on the particle. We include all real forces acting on P and include an imaginary force - m
this is called pseudoforce. This force is to be included because we are discussing the motion from a non-inertial frame and still
want to use Newton' s law.
11. A body of mass m is placed over a smooth inclined plane of inclination
, which is placed over a lift which is moving up with
an acceleration a0. Base length of the inclined plane is L. Calculate the velocity of the block with respect to lift at the bottom. If it is
allowed to slide down from the top of the plane from rest.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12. A particle of mass m is placed on the smooth face of an inclined plane of mass M
and slope
which is free to slide on a smooth horizontal plane in a direction
perpendicular to the edge. If the particles slides with an acceleration 'a', the acceleration
of the inclined plane towards right A will be
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
13. A ball is suspended on a thread from the ceiling of a car. The brakes are applied and the speed of car changes from 5 m/sec
to 5/3 m/sec during the time interval of 3 seconds. Find the angle that the thread with the ball will deviate from vertical ? Take g =
10 m/sec2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
PASSAGE
The rate at which sun radiates is 39 x 1026 W. All the radiated energy is generated by the proton-proton cycle.
14. In each proton-proton cycle, the number of protons used is
(A)
2
(B)
4
(C)
(D)
16
15. If m(1H1) = 1.007825 u, m (4He2) = 4.002603 u the energy released in the proton-proton cycle is nearly (1 u = 981.5 MeV)
(A)
26.7 eV
(B)
26.7 MeV
(C)
2.67 eV
(D)
2.67 MeV
16.The rate at which hydrogen is being consumed in the core of sun is
(A)
(C)
3 x 10 kg/s
(B)
(D)
17. A circuit draws a power of 550 W from a source of 220 V/50 Hz. The power factor of the circuit is 0.8 and the current lags in
phase behind the voltage. To make power factor 1, what capacitance is to be connected in the circuit? Express answer in
microfarads.
18. A hollow steel sphere, weighing 200 kg is floating on water. A weight of 10 kg is to be placed on it in order to submerge when
the temperature is 20oC. How much less weight is to be placed when temperature increases to 25oC? Express the weight in
grams.
Match the following (with only one choice correct)
19.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Column 1
Capacitance
Inductance
Magnetic Induction
Special Resistance
(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)
Column 2
C2J-1
NA-1m-1
VsA-1
.m
20.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Column 1
Interference
Diffraction
Point source
Secondary wavelets
(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)
Column 2
Colours in peacock feathers
Spherical wavefront
Huygen's principle
Study of crystal structure
Solution
Single Option Question
1. (D) From the graph, resistance varies uniformly at the rate of 1 ohm/sec.
......(1)
R2 = R 1 + t
Now
where t is the time
Integrating,
from (1)
= E loge
= 10 loge
= 10 loge 2
P1 = P 2
T1 = T2
m1 = m 2
MV = constant
in equilibrium
and
(given)
Hence M1 V1 = M2 V2
i.e., 32 x
r2 h1 = 28 x
=
r2 h2
= 0.875
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Here product A is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4. Among the given gem diols, which is/are stable with respect to their corresponding carbonyls?
(i)
CCl3CH(OH)2
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
i, ii, iii
(b)
i, ii
(c)
i, iii, iv
(d)
iii, iv
Answ er Sheet
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(d)
(b)
(d)
(a)
(d)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(d)
(a)
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
(b)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(a)
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
(a, b, c, d)
(a, b, d)
(b, d)
(a, b, c, d)
(a, b)
(b, c)
(a, d)
(b, c)
(a, b)
(b, d)
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
(b)
(c)
(c)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(a)
(a, b, c, d)
(a, b, c, d)
(a)
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
(b)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(a) P,R (b) Q,R (c) Q (d) S
(a) Q,R (b) S (c) P,Q,R (d) P,R
(a) P,Q (b) Q (c) P,R (d) R,S
Solution
2.
3.
5.
6. Answer is (b), because middle -OH undergoes protonation to form stable intermediate tropolium cation.
7. (d) accept
easily because lower 'N' atom lone pair is not delocalised in the ring and -NH2 group exerts +M effect.
9. Diel' s Alder reaction never given by traniod form so (c) and (d) cannot give.
10. Basic strength of nitrogen containing compound given by donation of electron so +I and +R effect increases basic nature while
-I and -R effect decreases basic strength. So order is (a).
11. 2KI + HgI2
K2HgI4
.4
.2
Total Initial moles = .8
after addition of HgI2 total number of ions
.2
= .6[2K+[HgI4]-2]
y(Excess)
x + y = 52 mm
- (1)
y - x + x = 32 mm
- (2)
y = 34 mm
= .35
= x/3
= x/3
B
x/3
1
So formula ABO3
= 2.27
So In a total weight of 3.37 gm, weight of chlorobenzene = 2.27
% of
= 67.4 %
19.
(y)
2KMnO4 + 2KCl
2KMnO4 + 2KOH + O2
23.
25. E2 Elimination is straeospecific it required trans leaving group for anti elimination.
Go for N2O4
26. As
40. PH
K
Ka
7.4
v
42. H2CO3
H2O + CO2
This is dissociation of carbonic acid.
= PKa + log
= 1.28 x 106 given
= 7.8 x 10-7
= - log 7.8 x 10-7 + log
= 78.36 ml
Superposition of waves
Introduction
1. Wave Motion:
a) The sound waves can also be called as elastic waves and medium is needed for their propagation.
Their velocity is different for different media.
b) The velocity of sound waves depends on the property of inertia and coefficient of elasticity of that
medium.
c) In this type of motion the energy is transferred from one point to other by the propagation of
disturbance in the medium. The motion of disturbance is called the wave motion.
d) In simple harmonic wave the particles of the medium executes simple harmonic motion. Each particle
of the medium executes simple harmonic motion at all the times, though the phase of its vibration
depends on its position and time.
On the basis of vibration of the particle waves are classified in two types:
(a) Transverse waves.
(b) Longitudinal waves.
(a) Transverse waves:
The particles of medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave.
Their polarization is possible. Example: Vibration of string, the surface waves produced on the surface
of solid and liquid.
Fig (1)
(b) Longitudinal waves:
Vibrations of the particles of the medium are in the direction of wave propagation wave proceeds in
form of compression and rarefaction. At places of compression the pressure and density are maximum,
while at places of rarefaction those are minimum.
Example: Sound waves, waves is gases, waves is solids.
Fig (2)
Introduction
1) Amplitude: The maximum displacement of a vibrating particle of the medium from the mean position.
2) Time period (T): The time taken by the particle to complete one vibration.
3) Frequency: The number of vibration in one second by the particle n = 1/T.
Angular Frequency
4) Wavelength
: The distance between two consecutive particles vibrating in the same phase.
Or
The distance between two consecutive crests or trough.
Or
The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefaction.
being the unit vector along the direction of wave propagation then,
Fig (3)
4) Other equation for a progressive wave moving along the direction of positive X-axis is:
Points to remember: Wave equation can be shown by any of the following relations:
1) Intensity (I): Amount of energy flowing per second from unit area of the medium in a direction perpendicular
to the propagation of wave.
6) Superposition of Waves:
1) If two or more waves propagate in a medium simultaneously, then the resultant displacement of the particle
of the medium is given by the vector sum of displacements produced by the individual wave.
2) If the displacement produced by different waves are respectively
Then the resultant displacement of particle is given by,
1) As a result of superposition of two waves of same frequency traveling in the same direction simultaneously,
the phenomenon of intensity of resultant wave becoming maximum and minimum is called as interference.
2) Equation of resultant wave formed by superposition of two waves:
Interference of this kind is called the destructive interference. In this condition the resultant intensity is also
minimum.
1) When two progressive sound waves of nearly equal frequencies superpose while traveling in the same
direction, then the intensity of the resultant sound increases and decreases with time.
2) The increase and decrease (waxing and waning) of intensity of sound occurs with a regular interval. This
regular waxing and waning of sound is called Beats. One decrease and one increase together make one BEAT.
3) Number of beats produced in one second is called to be beat frequency.
4) If the frequencies of the waves are m and n (m>n), then beat frequency = m n. This difference must not be
greater than 10Hz, otherwise beats are not heard.
1) This is the wave produced by the superposition of two identical waves traveling along the same straight line
but in opposite direction.
2) Energy is not transferred by these waves in the medium. It is only redistributed.
3) If
be the propagation wave along +ve x-axis and
along ve x-axis, then for the resultant stationary wave.
Introduction
4) Its amplitude is
7) Nodes: At these points the amplitude of particles is minimum and the change in pressure and density is
maximum.
.
.
4) Particles situated between two nodes execute simple harmonic motion whose amplitude is different but
frequencies are same.
5) Amplitude depends on the position of the particle; maximum amplitude is obtained at antinodes and zero
amplitude at the nodes.
6) The particles situated between two consecutive nodes vibrate in the phase with different amplitudes while the
particles situated on either side of a node vibrate in the opposite phase.
14) vibration in a stretched string:
4) For a string fixed at both the ends, nodes are formed at the ends.
5) If the length of a string is L and p loops are formed in it, then the frequency of string
is
. In this condition
overtone.
Fig (4)
15) laws of vibration of a stretched string:
1) Law of length:
2) Law of tension:
3) Law of mass:
4) Law of radius:
5) Law of density:
On the basis of above Laws the formulae of frequency of vibration of string are:
1) In a vibrating string of fixed length, the product of number of loops of loops in a vibrating string and square
root of tension is a constant or
2)
3) In longitudinal vibration system the frequency of tuning fork is given by;
= 2 (vibration frequency of string)
4) In this experiment vibrations of string are always transverse, but in longitudinal vibration system; the
vibrations of arms of the tuning fork are along the direction of string. This experiment is also based on the
stationary (transverse) waves.
17) vibration of air columns in pipes:
The pipe which contains air and in which sound vibrations are produced is called organ pipe.
1) CLOSED PIPE:
(a) One end of the pipe of this kind is closed and the other end is open.
(b) Node is formed at closed end and antinodes at the open end. In this pipe, number of antinodes and nodes are
the same.
(c) Closed end of pipe reflects the compression as compression and rarefaction as rarefaction open end of the
pipe reflects compression as rarefaction while rarefaction as compression.
(d) For a pipe of length L, the frequency of fundamental node of stationary waves produced. Fundamental
frequency , is same as first harmonic while other are multiples of this frequency
wavelength
wavelength
Frequency of the second overtone or the fifth harmonic
, wavelength
Introduction
Fig (5)
(a) Fundamental node or first harmonic
(b) First overtone or third harmonic
.
.
and wavelength
, wavelength
wavelength
Fig (6)
(a) Fundamental node or first harmonic
(b) First overtone or second harmonic
(c) Second overtone or third harmonic
Clearly in open pipe all the harmonics are produced. The ratio of the frequencies is:
By comparison:
(For fundamental only)
2) In open pipe all the harmonic are obtained while in closed pipe only odd harmonics are obtained.
3) The sound produced in open organ tube is pleasing and that of the closed organ tube is less pleasing.
18) resonance tube:
Resonance: If the frequency of a tuning fork used is same as the frequency of vibration of air column in the
tube, then the intensity of sound becomes maximum. This is said to be the condition of resonance.
It is an example of a closed pipe in which the length of the air column can be changed by adjusting the level of
water.
Application:
To determine the velocity of sound and the frequency of tuning fork
Formula:
If the first and second resonance lengths are L1 and L2 then
19)
5) At 00C velocity of sound in dry air = 332 m/sec, while the velocity sound in water is 1440 m/sec. At t 0 C the
velocity of sound will be (for low values of t, t/273<<1).
Vt = 330+0.61 m/sec.
6) In atomic weights of two gases are M1 and M2 respectively then
1) Loudness:
The quality of sound on the basis of which sound is said to be high or low. It depends on the.
a) shape of the source
b) intensity of sound
1) Shock waves: A body moving with a supersonic velocity leaves behind itself a conical disturbance region.
Disturbance of this kind is called a short wave. These have a large amount of energy which can damage the
buildings.
2) Frequency of infrasonic waves is less than 20 Hz.
3) Frequency of ultrasonic waves is more than 20000 Hz.
4) Mach number = speed of any vehicle or body/ speed of sound.
5) Vibration of tuning fork: when tuning fork is sounded by striking its one end on rubber pad, then
(a) The ends of prongs vibrate in and out while the stem vibrates up and down or
vibrations of the
prongs are transverse and that of the stem is longitudinal. Generally tuning fork produces fundamental
node.
(b) At the free end of a fork antinodes are formed. At the place where stem is fixed antinodes is formed. In
Fig (7)
(c) Frequency of tuning fork :