Industrial Security Management Reviewer

Industrial Security
Management Reviewer
Active Security Measures
1. Physical Barriers
2. Security lighting
3. Vaults
4. Locks
Passive Security Measures
1.Those that will deter man from committing such act for fear
of being caught charged in court or get dismissed
2.Security education programs, investigation, fire prevention
seminars, personal security checks.
Company Guard Force (CGF) a security force maintained and operated
by any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to
watch, secure or guard its business establishment premises, compound
or properties.
Duty Detail Order - is a written order/schedule issued by a superior
officer usually the private security agency/branch manager or
operations officer assigning the performance of private
security/detective services duties.
Factors that Bring About Unsecured Conditions
1. Threats - an activity that could lead to a loss.
2. Hazards - a condition that could lead to a loss.
3. Vulnerability - a weakness that can be used to gain access to
an asset.
4. Risk - a potential loss or damage to an asset.

Government Guard Unit (GGU) a security unit maintained and operated
by any government entity other than military or police, which is
established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or
compound and/or extension of such government entity.
Government Security Personnel shall be natural persons which include
government security guards, detectives, security consultants and
security officers except those of the AFP, PNP, or BJMP rendering or
performing security and/or detective services as employed by
government entities.
License to Exercise Profession shall mean any document issued by
the Chief, PNP or his duly authorized representative recognizing a
person to be qualified to perform his duties as private security or
training personnel.
License to Operate (LTO) is a License Certificate document, issued
by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized
representative, authorizing a person to engage in employing security
guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct,
manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or
private security agency/company security force after payment of the
prescribed dues or fees.
Note:New applicants for license to operate shall be required
to obtain a minimum capitalization of one million pesos
(P1,000,000.00) with a minimum bank deposit of five hundred
thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in order to start its business
operation.
No regular license shall be granted to any private security

agency unless it has a minimum of two hundred (200) licensed
private security personnel under its employ.
No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force
or private detective agency unless it has a minimum of thirty
(30) licensed private security personnel under its employ.
The maximum number of private security personnel that a
PSA/CGF/PDA may employ shall be one thousand (1000).
PADPAO Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators. Is an association of all licensed security agencies and
company security forces in the Philippines.
Person - shall include not only natural persons but also juridical
persons such as corporation, partnership, company or association duly
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Physical Barrier - any structure or physical device capable of
restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal access to an installation.
PNP - Philippine National Police, under the DILG, organized pursuant
to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police
Act of 1991. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over
the operators of all security agencies and guards.
Powers and Duties of a Security Guard
1. To watch and secure the property of the client. Service shall
not extend beyond the property or compound of client.
Exception:
1. Escort duties
2. Hot pursuit of criminal offenders
2. Security Guard and Private Detective have no police authority.
Private Detective - is any person who does detective work for hire,
reward or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,
municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government.
Qualifications of a Private Detective
1. Must be a Filipino citizen
2. Must be a high school graduate
3. Must be physically and mentally fit
4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age
5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height
6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude
Private Detective Agency - is any person, who, for hire or reward or
on commission, conducts or carries on or holds himself or itself out
as conducting or carrying on a detective agency, or detective service.
Notes:
1. All person used in a private detective work must be licensed
2. All person employed solely for clerical or manual work need
no private detective license.
3. License (LTO) shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous

and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters of
the agency and shall be exhibited at the request of any person
whose jurisdiction is in relation with the business of the
agency or the employees thereof, or of the Chief of the PNP
or his duly authorized representative or any peace officer.
4. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation
of all private detective and privated detective agency.
The rules above applies to a Private Security Agency.
Private Security Guard - (watchman) shall include any person who
offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a
residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas,
or property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches individuals
and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection, physically/
manually or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to,
logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture lands,
transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an employee thereof,
including any employee of the national or local governments or
agencies or instrumentalitys thereof and or government owned or
controlled firm or corporations who is employed to watch or secure
government buildings, compounds, premises and other properties, other
than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the
Bureau of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City jail
guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other
law enforcement agency of the Government.
Qualifications of a Security Guard
1. Must be a Filipino citizen
2. Must be a high school graduate
3. Must be physically and mentally fit
4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age

5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height (RA 5487)
6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications
7. Must have undergone a pre-licensing training course
8. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude
Moral Turpitude - A phrase used in Criminal Law to
describe conduct that is considered contrary to
community standards of justice, honesty, or good morals.
Crimes involving moral turpitude have an inherent quality
of baseness, vileness, or depravity with respect to a
person's duty to another or to society in general.
Examples of Crime Involving Moral Turpitude
1. Rape
2. Forgery
3. Robbery
4. Prostitution
Private Security Guard Agency - any person, association,
partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,
solicits individuals or business firms, private or government-owned
or controlled corporations to engage his service or those of its
watchmen.
Who May Organize a Security Agency
1. Any Filipino citizen
2. Corporation
3. Partnership
4. Association
Limitations/Disqualification/Prohibitions In Organizing A
Security Agency
1. Security Agency must be 100% Filipino owned
2. No person shall organize or have an interest in, more than
security agency
3. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling
dens or other illegal business establishments or enterprises.
4. Must not be an elective or appointive government employees
who may be called upon on account of the functions of their
respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of
the Private Security Agency Law and any person related to
such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in
the third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly
or indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency.
5. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by
the security agency shall not go beyond the compound and/or
property of the person or establishment contracting the
security service except when the security guards is
escorting big amount of money or valuables.
6. Main Office - All agencies shall maintain a main office in
their registered addresses.
Branch offices - may be established and maintained in
other provinces/ cities where the security agency has
deployed security guards.
7. Rules - Authority to operate outside principal offices.
1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private
security agency shall be granted license to operate

unless its business viability is supported by
evidence of assured clientele, adequate
capitalization and the like.
Moribund - (dying)(stagnant)(obsolescent) in
terminal decline; lacking vitality or vigour.
2. Private Security Agency operating at regions
outside its main office shall be required to
register with the nearest Police Provincial Office
and shall submit an authenticated machine copy of
the following documents:
a) License to Operate
b) License of the FAs to be issued
c) List of the officers and security guards
d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment
Manager (if any)
8. All applicants for license to operate shall be required to
attend a private security agency/company guard force
operators and management seminar/workshop.
9. Prohibition on KABIT SYSTEM operators
1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote
and enter into an agreement of merger
(kabit system) with any person or a group of persons
for the purpose of organizing a branch unit or
subsidiary under separate control and ownership.
Merger of security and detective agencies shall not
be recognized without prior approval from the SEC
with respect to their Articles of Incorporation and
the DTI, with regards their business name.
2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination
thereof shall be considered prima-facie evidence

of the existence of Kabit System.
a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or
subsidiary office aside from the main office
of the agency situated within the same locality
b) Receiving direct payments from the agencys
clientele and issuing officials receipt of
their own distinct from that issued by the
agency concerned
c) Remitting directly Social Security System
premiums, Medicare contributions and other
premium for other policy insurance benefits
d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee
and a branch manager thereof, whereby the
latter obligates himself to pay a certain
percentage of his income to the former on the
condition that the control and supervision of
the guards posted by said branch shall course
on the manager thereof and that the licensee
shall be exempt from liabilities/ obligations
attendant to the operation of said branch.
e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the
branch employees signed and/or approved by
the branch manager only
f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances
to the main office when said branch is
authorized to make collections from the clients
of the licensee
g) All other similar acts tending to show separate
and distinct relationship/personality/
ownership/ management.
Qualifications of the Operator/Manager of a Security Agency

1. Must be at least 25 years of age
2. Must be a College Graduate and/or No.3 below.
3. Must be a commissioned officer in the inactive service of
the Armed Forces of the Philippines
4. Must be of good moral character
5. Must have no previous record of any conviction of any crime
or offense involving moral turpitude
6. Must not be suffering from any of the following
disqualifications:
7. Must have taken a course/seminar on industrial Security
Management and/or must have adequate training or experience
in security business (IRR)
Note: One can not be a Commissioned officer in the inactive
service of the AFP unless college graduate. The law used the
word and/or.
RA 5487 is a law. In case of conflict between the law and its
implementing rules and regulations promulgated by the chief
PNP, The law shall prevail.
Private Security Industry shall cover those in the legitimate
business of providing private security and detective services.
Private Security Personnel shall be natural persons which include
private security guards, private detectives, security consultants,
and security officers rendering/performing security and/or detective
services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.

Protective Security System - are those measures taken by an
installation or unit to protect itself against sabotage,
espionage or subversion.
RA 5487 - known as "The Private Security Agency Law."
Restricted Area - is any area in which personnel or vehicles are
controlled for reasons of security. Restricted area is established
to provide security for installation or facilities and to promote
efficiency of security operations and economy in the use of
security personnel.
SAGSD - Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division. SAGSD is
under the PNP Civil Security Group.
Security - is the state or quality of being secured, freedom from
fear or danger;assurance; certainty. To secure is to make safe or
be protected. From the Greek word SECUROS which means safe,
safety or secured.
Security Guard - (watchman) Any person who offers or renders
personal service to watch or secure either residential or business
establishment, or both, or any building, compound, or area including
but not limited to logging concessions, agricultural, mining or
pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an employee thereof.
Security Hazards - is an act or condition which results in a situation
like a breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or
compromise of defense information, company secret or damage to
personnel, property or facilities.
Three Major Areas of Security

1. Physical Security - this concern with the physical measures
adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
material and document and to safeguard them against espionage,
damage, loss and theft
2. Personnel Security - this is as important as physical security.
Personnel security starts even before the hiring of an employee
and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is employed.
Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to
assist the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and once
hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force
while carrying out their functions
3. Document and Information Security - this involves the protection
of documents as classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized
persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure
Two Instances When the Chief PNP may deputize any security guard
to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties.
1. In case of emergency
2. In times of disaster or calamities
Types of Security
1. Industrial Security - a type of security applied to business
groups engaged in industries like manufacturing, assembling,
research and development, processing, warehousing and even
agriculture. It may also mean the business of providing security.
2. Hotel Security- a type of security applied to hotels where its
properties are protected from pilferage, loss damage and the
function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and troubled
by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security
employs house detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and
insures that hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.
3. Bank Security- this type of security is concern with the bank
operations.
4. VIP Security- a type of security applied for the protection of
top-ranking officials of the government or private entity,
visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. School Security- a type of security that is concern with the
protection of the students, faculty members, and school properties.
6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern
with the protection of the stores, warehouses, storage, its
immediate premises and properties as well as the supermarket
personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect
shoplifter, robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation.
7. Other Types- this includes all other security matters not covered
in the above enumeration.
Police Patrol Reviewer

By criminologists - Sunday, November 16, 2014 - No Comments
Police Patrol
Police Patrol Reviewer
1842 - the London Metropolitan Police established the first detective

branch.
Bobbies - British police.
Boston Police - first public police force established in 1631.
Bow Street Patrols - a small body of police in London who had been
organized in the mid-18th century by the novelist and magistrate
Henry Fielding and his half brother, Sir John Fielding.

Compurgation - also called Wager Of Law, in early English law, method
of settling issues of fact by appeal to a type of character witness.
Egypt - the first policing organization was created in about 3000 BC.
Emperor Augustus - organized one of the earliest form of organized
policing in Rome in 7 BC. He divided the city of Rome into 14 regiones
(wards), each consisting of vici (precincts) overseen by vicomagistri,
who were responsible for fire protection and other administrative and
religious duties.
New Scotland Yard - the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police.
New York Police - The first police department in the United States,
it was established in 1844 and it was officially organized in 1845.
Patrol - keep watch over (an area) by regularly walking or travelling
around it.
Patrol Functions (Categories)
1. Crime prevention - pro-active deterrence
2. Law Enforcement - reactive deterrence
3. Order Maintenance - security
4. Social Services - community welfare
Patrol As A Function
1. Constant Movement
2. Prevent/deter crime
3. Eliminate opportunity for crime
Patrol Activities and Purposes

1. Crime Detection and Prevention
2. Apprehension of Criminals & Wanted Suspects
3. Data & Information Collection
4. Report Writing & Documentation
5. Public Assistance
6. Peace Keeping and Order Maintenance
7. Conflict Resolution
8. Traffic Control and Enforcement
9. Parking Enforcement
10.Law Enforcement Reduce Citizens Fear of Crime
11.Detect and Enforce Code and Safety Violations
12.Rapid Responses to Emergencies
13.Public Relations
14.Police Visibility
15.Property Protection
Patrol Method
1. Foot Patrol
2. Motorcycle Patrol
3. Motorized Patrol
4. Bike Patrol
5. Horse Patrol
6. Aircraft Patrol
7. Watercraft Patrol
Patrol Officer - is the backbone of the police department.
Patrol Supervision
1. Hands on - supervisor involved in day to day activities.
2. Command - supervisor shows up at incident sites and gives
orders
3. Counsel - supervisor available and when requested shows

up at incident sites.
Patrol Techniques
1. Routine Patrol
2. Directed Patrol
3. D-Runs
4. Saturation Patrol
5. Split Force
6. Suspect-Oriented Patrol
Police Traffic Enforcement Activities
1. Issue Traffic Citations
2. Issue Parking Citations
3. Investigate Traffic Accidents
4. Arrest Drunk Drivers
5. Enforce Seat belt Laws
6. Direct Traffic
Police Traffic Enforcement Purposes
1. Insure Safety of Public
2. Reduce Accidents and Injuries
3. Collect Information
4. Make Criminal Arrests
5. Enforce Laws
6. Facilitate Traffic Flow
Peel's 9 (Nine) Principle
Principle 1. The basic mission for which the police exist is
to prevent crime and disorder.
Principle 2 - The ability of the police to perform their duties
is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
Principle 3 - Police must secure the willing co-operation of

the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure
and maintain the respect of the public.
Principle 4 - The degree of co-operation of the public that can
be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use
of physical force.
Principle 5 - Police seek and preserve public favour not by
catering to the public opinion but by constantly demonstrating
absolute impartial service to the law.
Principle 6 - Police use physical force to the extent necessary
to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when
the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient.
Principle 7 - Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship
with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that
the police are the public and the public are the police; the
police being only members of the public who are paid to give
full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen
in the interests of community welfare and existence.
Principle 8 - Police should always direct their action strictly
towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of
the judiciary.
Principle 9 - The test of police efficiency is the absence of
crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action
in dealing with it.
Peeler - a police officer, especially in the United Kingdom and
Australia. Derived from the name of Sir Robert Peel who developed the
Metropolitan Police Act in 1928 which proved to be the foundation for
the modern police force in Britain.
Police Functional Units
1. Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large

department. It comprises of numbers of divisions.
2. Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
3. Section -functional unit within a division that is necessary
for specialization.
4. Unit -functional group within a section; or the smallest
functional group within an organization.
Police Operations
1. Patrol - 50 % Of Force - 80 % Of Budget
2. Criminal Investigation (Detectives) - Solve 20 % Of Cases Solved
In Depth case screening
3. Traffic
4. Support/Special Services
Police Territorial Units
1. Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office or
an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty.It is a spot
location for general guard duty.
2. Route -a length of streets designated for patrol purposes.
It is also called Line Beat.
3. Beat - an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot
or motorized.
4. Sector - an area containing two or more beats, routes, or post.
5. District-a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
purposes, usually with its own station.
6. Area- a section or territorial division of a large city each
comprised of designated districts.
Polis - greek word which means city.
Purposes of Criminal Investigation

1. Determine whether or not a crime has been committed.
2. Decide if the crime was committed within the investigators
jurisdiction.
3. Discover all facts pertaining to the complaint.
4. Gather and preserve physical evidence.
5. Identify the perpetrator.
6. Develop and follow up all clues.
7. Locate and apprehend the perpetrator.
8. Aid in the prosecution of the offender by providing evidence of
guilt that is admissible in court.
9. Testify effectively as a witness in court.
10.Recover stolen property.
Robert Peel - established the Metropolitan Police Force for London based
at Scotland Yard in 1929. Father of modern policing system.
Specialized Units and Operations
1. Special Weapons & Tactics
2. Vice & Drugs
3. K-9
4. Organized Crime
5. Community Services
6. Crime analysis
7. Domestic Violence
8. Sex Crimes
9. Internal Affairs
10.Crime Prevention
11.Juvenile & School Service
12.Intelligence
Police Intelligence Reviewer

By criminologists - Thursday, September 18, 2014 - No Comments
Police Intelligence
Police Intelligence Reviewer
Accuracy of Information
1 - Confirmed By Other Sources
2 - Probably True
3 - Possibly True
4 - Doubtfully True
5 - Improbable
6 - Truth Can Not Be Judged
Alexander The Great - A Greek Conqueror, was able to identify those

who are disloyal to him by ordering the opening of communication
letter of his men and was successful in uplifting the esprit de corps
and morale of his men.
ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service - Primary responsibility
is gathering intelligence from mainly Asian and Pacific interest
using agents stationed in wide variety of areas. Its main purpose like
other most agencies is to protect the country's political and
economic interest and ensure the safety of its citizens against
national threats.
Bundesnachrichtendienst - BND, Federal Intelligence Service, is the
foreign intelligence agency of the German government, the BND act as
the early warning system to alert the German government against
threats to its interest coming from abroad.
Categories of Intelligence
1. National Intelligence - integrated product of intelligence
developed by all government departments concerning the broad
aspect of national policy and national security.
2. Departmental Intelligence - the intelligence required by the
department or agencies of the government to execute iys mission
and discharge its responsibilities.
3. Military Intelligence - refers to the knowledge by the military
institution essential in the preparation and execution of military
plans, policies and programs.
CIA - Central Intelligence Agency, is the civilian intelligence agency
of the USA. It is the largest intelligence agency in the world.
Classifications of Documents
1. Top Secret - calls for the utmost degree of protection, Unauthorized
revelation of this materials and information will cause extremely
severe damage to the nation, politically, economically, or

militarily.
2. Secret - unauthorized disclosure of this documents or things may
put at risk the national security, cause serious injury to the
reputation of the nation.
3. Confidential - Unauthorized revelation of which may be injurious
to the reputation of the nation or governmental activity or will
cause administrative humiliation or unnecessary injury.
4. Restricted - this are information which should not be published
or communicated to anyone except for official purposes. These
records are daily files, routine in nature even if lost or
destroyed will not affect operation or administration.
Classification of Sources of Information
1. Open Sources - 99% of the information collected are coming from
open sources or obtained from overt operation.
2. Close Sources - only 1% of information are obtained from covert
operation.
Elements of Clandestine Operation
1. Sponsor - directs the organization conducting the clandestine
activity.
2. Target - person, place or things against which the
clandestine activity is to be conducted.
3. Agent - refers to a person who conducts the clandestine
operations, includes principal agents, action agents,
and support agents.
Principal Agent - leader or management agent in clandestine
operation usually undertaken by the case officer.
Action Agent - one who conducts the clandestine operation
that includes:
a. Espionage Agent - agent who clandestinely procure or
collect information.
b. Propagandist - agents who molds the attitudes, opinions
and actions of an individual group or nation.
Support Agent - agent who is engaged in activities which
supports the clandestine operations that includes the ff:
a. Surveillant - agent who observes persons and places
of operation of interest.
b. Investigator - agent who undertakes to procure
information or things of clandestine operation.
Procurer of Funds - agent who obtains money when needed
for operational use.
Safe House Keeper - agents who manages and maintains a safe
house for clandestine operations like meetings, safe heavens,
training, briefing and debriefing.
Communication Agent - agent who is detailed to secure
clandestine communications.
Coding - the changing of message from plain clear text to unintelligible
form, also known as encrypting.
Decoding - transforming of coded message into plain text, also
known as decrypting.
Counter Intelligence - phase of intelligence covering the activity
devoted in destroying the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities
and the protection of information against espionage, subversion and

sabotage.
Types of Counter Intelligence
1. Passive CI Measures - protection of classified and sensitive
information against unauthorized access through secrecy,
communication security and other safeguards.
2. Active CI Measures - are those measures which seek actively
to block enemies effort to gain information or engage in
espionage, subversion and sabotage.
Categories of Counter Intelligence Operations
1. Military Security - it encompasses the measures taken by a
command to protect itself against espionage, enemy operation,
sabotage, subversion, or surprise.
2. Port Boundary and Travel Security - application of both
military and civil security measures for counter-intelligence
control at point of entry and departure, international borders
and boundaries.
3. Civil Security - active and passive counter-intelligence
measures affecting the non-military nationals permanently
or temporarily residing in an area under military
jurisdiction.
4. Special Operations - counter subversion, sabotage and espionage.
Objectives of Counter-Intelligence
1. It denies information to the enemy
2. It reduces the risk of a command
3. Aid in achieving surprises
4. Increases the security of the command
5. Decrease the ability of the enemy to create information
about he forces.
Functions/Activities of Counter-Intelligence
1. Protection of Information against espionage
2. Protection of personnel against subversion
3. Protection of installations and materials against sabotage
Cryptography - arts and science of codes and ciphers.
Crypto Analyst - refers to those persons who break intercepted codes.
Cryptographer - refers to a person who is highly skilled in converting
message from clear to unintelligible forms by use of codes and ciphers.
Delilah - a biblical personality, she was able to gain information
by using her beauty and charm, she was responsible for the fall of
Samson, a known Israelite leader and enemy of the Philistines.
Frederick The Great - Father of organized military espionage.
FSD - Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, is the main
domestic security agency of the Russian Federation, and the main
successor of the Cheka, NKVD and the KGB.
General Directorate For External Security - France external
intelligence agency, operating under the direction of the french
Ministry of Defense.
Informants - any person who hand over information to the agents which
is relevant to the subject.
Type of Informants
1. Anonymous - unidentified or unknown informants.
2. False Informant - reveals information of no consequences

or value.
3. Frightened Informants - weakest link in criminal chain,
motivated by anxiety.
4. Self-Aggrandizing - moves around the the center of criminals
delight in surprising the police about bits of information.
5. Mercenary - information for sale, needed something for exchange
of information.
6. Double Crosser - wants to get more information from the police
more than what he gives.
7. Women Informant - most dangerous type of informant.
8. Legitimate - operators of business.
Motives of Informants
1. Vanity - conceited act/character of the criminal resulting to
self betrayal or tantamount to guilt, gaining favorable
attention and importance by the police.
2. Civic-Mindedness - sense of duty and obligation to assist
the police.
3. Fear - a person under an illusion of oppression by enemies or
of other impending danger.
4. Repentance - one who has a change of heart and wishes to
report a crime that is preying on his conscience.
5. Gratitude or Gain - an expression of appreciation to obtain
a privilege or an interest in the welfare of his family
during his detention.
6. Revenge - to settle a grudge due to settle a previous injury.
7. Jealousy - envious of the accomplishments or possessions of
another and wishes to humiliate him.
8. Remuneration - a person who informs solely for the pecuniary
or other material gain he is to receive.
Informers - refers to any person who provides information to the agents

in a regular basis regarding a subject, they are paid either on a
regular or case to case basis.
Intelligence - the organized effort to collect information, to assist
it Little by little, and piece it together until it forms larger and
clear pattern. (intelligence as an activity)
- the end product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all
available information which may have immediate or potential
significance to the development and execution of plan, policies and
programs of the user.(intelligence as a product)
- an institution composed of person who prepares a plan
or formulating policies.(intelligence as an institution)
Intelligence Cycle
1. Planning
2. Collection
3. Processing
4. Dissemination
Planning - the intelligence officer must have a thorough
knowledge of the available sources of information, the
collecting agencies and type of information the latter can
provide.
Collection - the intelligence officer must have thorough
knowledge of the available sources of information and
collecting agencies and the type of information they can
provide and consider the following:
a. Determine collecting agency
b. Send orders or request
c. Supervise collection efforts

d. Use tools or techniques in collection
e. Ensure timely collection
Factors in Choosing Collection Agents
a. Capability - agents placement or access to target
b. Multiplicity - more agents
c. Balance
Processing - Five Steps
1. Recording - is the reduction of information in writing
or other form of graphical representation and
arranging the information into groups of related items.
2. Evaluation - is the determination of the pertinence of the
information to the operation, reliability of the source or
agency and the accuracy of the information.
Pertinence - does it holds some value to current
operation.
Reliability - judging the source of information or
agency
Credibility - truth of information
3. Analysis - is the stage in which the collected information
is subjected to review in order to satisfy significant facts
and derive conclusions there from.
4. Integration - the combination of the elements isolated
analysis with other known information related to the
operation.
5. Interpretation - process of determining the significance of
new information and its meaning.
Dissemination - processed information or intelligence data are
disseminated to end users, common methods of disseminating intel
data are conferences, briefing and person to person exchanges.

In this process, consider the factors of timeliness, correctness
and security.
ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's premier intelligence

agency. It was established in 1948. Its office is located in Islamabad.
Julius Caesar - in his time, the staff of each legion includes ten
speculators who served as an information collecting agency. The
Speculators were the first intelligence personnel to appear in a
military organization. Military success of the Romans was aided by
the communication system. Made use of pigeons as carrier which made
intelligence transmittal very fast.
Karl Schulmeister - known as Napoleon's Eye, he was credited for
establishing counter-intelligence against spies. He is a master of
deceit who used black mail to obtain vital information to identify
the enemy's of Napoleon.
Kinds of Covert Operation
1. Surveillance - is the covert, discreet observation of people and
places for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the
identities or activities of subjects.
Surveillant - is the plainclothes investigator assigned to
make the observation.
Subject - can be a person, place, property and vehicle,
group of people, organization, or object.
Safe house - refers to place where agents meet each other
for purposes of debriefing and reporting.

Live Drop - refers to a place where agents or informants
leave their messages to the other agents.
Decoy - a person or object used by the subject in an attempt
to elude the surveillant.
Convoy - an associate of the subject who follows him to
detect surveillance.
Log - chronological records of activities that took place
in the establishment under surveillance.
Methods of Surveillance
1. Stationary Surveillance - also referred to as Fixed or
Stakeout Surveillance - is used when you know or suspect
that a person is at or will come to a known location, when
you suspect that stolen goods are to be dropped or when
informants have told you that a crime is going to be
committed.
2. Moving Surveillance/Shadowing/Tailing - simply the act
of following a person.
Forms of Shadowing/Tailing
1. Loose Tail - employed where a general impression
of the subject's habits and associates is required.
2. Rough Shadowing - employed without special
precautions, subject maybe aware of the surveillance,
employed also when the subject is a material
witness and must be protected from harm or other

undesirable influences.
3. Close Tail - extreme precautions are taken against
losing the subject is employed where constant
surveillance is necessary.
2. Casing - it is the careful inspection of a place to determine
its suitability for a particular operational purpose.
3. Elicitation - the process of extracting information from a person
believe to be in possession of vital information without his
knowledge or suspicion.
4. Employment of Technical Means
Bugging - the use of an equipment or tool to listen and
record discreetly conversation of other people.
Wiretapping - a method of collecting information through
interception of telephone conversation.
5. Tactical Interrogation - it is the process or method of obtaining
information from a captured enemy who is reluctant to divulge
information.
6. Observation and Description - it is a method of collecting
information by just merely using the different senses.
Methods and Techniques of Collecting Information
Information - all evaluated materials of every description
including those derived from observation, reports, rumors,

imagery and other sources from which intelligence is produced.
Types of Agents Used in Collecting Information
1. Agent of Influence - agent who uses authority to gain
information.
2. Agent in Place - agent who has been recruited within a highly
sensitive target
3. Penetration Agent - agent who have reached the enemy, gather
information and able to get back without being caught.
4. Expendable Agent - agent who leaks false information to the
enemy.
5. Double Agent - an enemy agent who has been taken into custody
turned around and sent back where he came from as an agent
of his captors.
MI6 - Secret Intelligence Service, supplies the British government
of foreign intelligence.
MSS - Ministry of State Security, is the security agency of the
Peoples Republic of China.
Mole - also known as sleeper agent. Tasked with monitoring an
organization or individual. A mole can spend years in the same place
only responding to missions when assigned. They are trained to be
visible but to keep their motives unknown.
Mossad - Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, is
responsible for the intelligence collection and covert operation of
the Israel government, Its Director reports directly to the
Israel Prime Minister. It is one of the entities of the Israeli
intelligence community along with AMAN (Military Intelligence) and
SHIN BET (Internal Security)

Moses - sent 12 scouts to the land of Canaan to survey the land,
the people, their location and the nature of their cities.
NICA - National Intelligence Coordinating Agency, the primary
intelligence gathering arm of the Philippines. Its motto is
Knowledge is Safety. It is headed by a Director General and is
assisted by a Deputy Director General. The Director General reports
directly to the President of the Philippines.
EO 492 issued on February 1, 2006, ordered the NICA to activate
the National Maritime Aerial Reconnaissance and Surveillance
Center or NMARSC. The NMARSC shall serve as the primary intel
provider for the Philippine intelligence community. Under the
supervision and oversight of the National Security Adviser, the
NICA-NMARSC will operate unmanned aerial vehicles or UAV's to
cater to the imagery intelligence demands of various government
agencies.
Police Intelligence - the end product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available
information regarding the activities of criminals and other law
violators for the purpose of effecting their arrest, obtaining evidence
and prevent plan to commit crimes.
Categories of Police Intelligence
1. Strategic Intelligence - knowledge pertaining to the
capabilities and vulnerabilities of a foreign nation which
is required by the national planners for the formulation
of an adequate national defense. Intelligence is for long
range.
2. Counter-Intelligence - preparation and execution of plans

and programs to neutralize or prevent any activities
undesirable to the police organization.
3. Line or Tactical Intelligence - intelligence information
directly contributes to the accomplishment of specific
objectives and immediate in nature and necessary for more
effective police planning and operation.
Components of Strategic Intelligence
1. Political Intelligence - deals with domestic and foreign
affairs and relations of government operations.
2. Economic Intelligence - deals with the extent and utilization
of natural and human resources to the industrial potential
of the nation.
3. Transportation and Telecommunication intelligence - concerned
with the operations and facilities of the military and
civilians.
Functional Classification of Police Intelligence
1. Criminal Intelligence - refers to the knowledge essential
to the prevention of crimes and the investigation, arrest
and prosecution of criminal offenders.
2. Internal Security Intelligence - refers to the knowledge
essential to the maintenance of peace and order.
3. Public Safety Intelligence - refers to the knowledge
essential to ensure the protection of lives and properties.
Principles of Intelligence
1. Intelligence and Operation are interdependent
2. Intelligence is continuous
3. Intelligence must be useful
4. Intelligence operation requires imagination and foresight
5. intelligence must be available on time

6. Intelligence must be flexible
7. Intelligence requires continuous security measures
RAW - Research and Analysis Wing is India's external intelligence
agency. Its primary function is collection of external intelligence,
counter-terrorism and covert operations.
Reliability of Information
A - Completely Reliable
B - Usually Reliable
C - Fairly Reliable
D - Not Usually Reliable
E - Unreliable
F - Reliability Can Not Be Judge
Security Clearance - is a certification by a responsible authority
that the person described is clear to access and classify matters
at appropriate levels.
Interim Clearance - effective for 2 years.
Final Clearance - effective for 5 years.
Security Measures and Operations in Relation To Intelligence
1. Physical Security - the broadest type of security that is concerned
with the physical measures designed to safeguard personnel and
prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials,
documents and to protect them from espionage, sabotage, damage,
or theft.
2. Communication Security - the protection resulting from the
application of various measures which prevent or delay the enemy
or unauthorized person in gaining information through communication.
This includes transmission, cryptographic and physical security.

3. Documentary Security - protection of documents, classified matters
and vital records from loss, access to unauthorized persons, damage,
theft and compromise through proper storage and procedure.
4. Personnel security - the sum total procedures followed, inquiries
conducted and criteria applied to determine the work suitable to
a particular applicant or the retention or transfer of a
particular employee.
Personnel Security Investigation - is an inquiry into the
character, reputation, discretion, integrity, morals and
loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person's
suitability for appointment and access to classified matters.
Types of PSI
1. Local Agency Check - refers to the investigation of the
records and files of agency in the area of principal
residence of the individual being investigated: Mayor,
Police, Fiscal where the individual is a resident.
2. National Agency Check - it consist of LAC supplemented by
investigation of the records and files of the following
agencies: PNP. ISAFP, NBI, CSC, Bureau of Immigration
and other agencies.
3. Background Investigation - a check made on an individual
usually seeking employment through subject's records in
the police files, educational institutions, place of
residence and former employers.
Complete Background Investigation - a type of BI which
is more comprehensive, it consist of detailed information
regarding the subject.
Partial Background Investigation - investigation of the

background of an individual but limited only to some of
the circumstances.
Sun Tzu - author of the art of war.
Undercover Operation - also called Roping - is disguising one's
own identity or using an assumed identity for the purpose of
gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn secret
information or to gain the trust of targeted individuals in order
to gain information or evidence.
Cover - it refers to the changing, forging, or falsifying agent's
real personality including but not limited to things, location,
job and others that will be used in undercover assignments.
Types of Cover
1. Artificial -altering the background that will correspond
to theh operation.
2. Multiple - includes different cover
3. Natural - actual or true background
Hazards of Undercover Operations
1. Reintegration back to normal duty
2. Maintenance of identity
Uses and Types of Undercover Assignment
1. Residential Assignment - it is related to the neighborhood
of the subject, where the agent will live as a new resident
without making any suspicion. His mission is to make friends
within its neighborhood and gather information regarding
the subject and possibly getting closer to the subject.
2. Social Assignment - the agent will gain access to the subject

by going to the different hangout places of the subject and
gather information like knowing how to drink socially
without getting drunk.
3. Work Assignment - the agent will be employed where the subject
work to acquire information. The agent must know his work and
focus his mind set and habit to his work assignment
4. Subversive Organization - this is the most dangerous of all
the undercover assignment, the agent will join the organization
of the subject itself, he must know the ideologies of the
group and the actions while inside should conform to the
organization to avoid any suspicion.
Police Personnel and Records

Management Reviewer
By criminologists - Wednesday, October 29, 2014 - No Comments
DPRM
Police Personnel and Records Management

Definition of Terms
Attrition - refers to the retirement or separation from the police

service of PNP uniformed personnel pursuant to any of the means
mentioned in RA 8551.
Means of Attrition
1. Attrition by attainment of maximum tenure in position
a. Chief PNP - 4 years
b. PNP Deputy Chief for Operation - 4 years
c. PNP Deputy chief for Administration - 4 years

d. PNP Chief of the Directorial Staff - 4 years
e. Regional Directors - 6 years
f. Provincial directors - 9 years
g. City Directors - 9 years
h. Other positions higher than provincial director shall have
the maximum tenure of 6 years.
2. Attrition by Relief
A PNP member who has been relieved for cause and has not been
given an assignment within 2 years from the effective date of
such relief shall be retired or separated.
3. Attrition by Demotion in Position
A PNP member who has been relieved and assigned to a position
lower than what is established for his/her rank in the PNP
staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position
commensurate to such rank despite the existence of a vacancy
within 18 months after his/her demotion in position shall be
retired or separated.
4. Attrition by Non-Promotion
A PNP member who has not been promoted for a continuous period
of 10 years shall be retired or separated.
5. Attrition by Other Means - a PNP member with at least 5 years
of accumulated active service shall be separated based on any
of the following grounds:
a. Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last 2
successive annual rating periods.
b. Inefficiency based on poor performance for 3 cumulative
annual ratings.
c. Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police
functions and duties
d. Failure to pass the required entrance examination twice
and/or finish the required career courses except for
justifiable reasons.
e. Refusal to take a periodic PNP Physical fitness test
without justifiable reason.
f. Failure to take PNP physical fitness test for 4 consecutive
periodic tests due to health reasons.
g. Failure to pass PNP physical fitness test for 2 consecutive
periodic tests or 4 cumulative periodic tests.
h. Non-Compliance with the minimum qualification standards for
the permanency of original appointment.
Attrition in Action - refers to the action containing the findings
and evidence on a specific means of attrition filed by a particular
screening committee before the concerned attrition board.
Authority - Managers must be able to give orders. Authority gives them
this right. Note that responsibility arises wherever authority is
exercised.
Budgeting - with all that goes with budgeting in the form of planning,
accounting and control.
Centralization - Centralization refers to the degree to which
subordinates are involved in decision making. Whether decision making
is centralized (to management) or decentralized (to subordinates) is
a question of proper proportion. The task is to find the optimum degree
of centralization for each situation.
Coordinating - that is the all important duty of interrelating the
various parts of the work.
Demotion in Position - refers to the designation of a personnel to a
position lower than what is established for his/her rank or not
commensurate to his/her rank in the PNP table of organization.

Directing - that is the continuous task of making decisions and
embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and
serving as the leader of the enterprise.
Discipline - Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the
organisation. Good discipline is the result of effective leadership,
a clear understanding between management and workers regarding the
organisation's rules, and the judicious use of penalties for infractions
of the rules.
Discipline - the practice of training people to obey rules or a
code of behaviour, using punishment to correct disobedience.
Division of labor - Authority and responsibility are clearly defined
and officially sanctioned. Job descriptions are specified with
responsibilities and line of authority. All employees have thus
clearly defined rules in a system of authority and subordination.
Division of Work - This principle is the same as Adam Smith's
division of labour. Specialization increases output by making employees
more efficient.
Equity - Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.
Esprit de corps - Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity
within the organisation.
Field Training Program - refers to the training required to make the
temporary appointment of a new PNP member permanent.
Formal hierarchical structure - An organization is organized into a

hierarchy of authority and follows a clear chain of command. The
hierarchical structure effectively delineates the lines of authority
and the subordination of the lower levels to the upper levels of the
hierarchical structure.
Grievance - a wrong considered as grounds for complaint, or something
believed to cause distress.
Immediate Supervisor - refers to a person authorized to make the
performance evaluation rating of a PNP member.
Initiative - Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans
will exert high levels of effort.
Just Cause - refers to the legal grounds that would warrant the relief
or removal of a PNP member from his present position and designation
in the PNP organization.
Management by rules - A bureaucracy follows a consistent set of rules
that control the functions of the organization. Management controls
the lower levels of the organization's hierarchy by applying established
rules in a consistent and predictable manner.
Managers are salaried officials - A manager is a salaried official
and does own the administered unit. All elements of a bureaucracy are
defined with clearly defined roles and responsibilities and are managed
by trained and experienced specialists.
Mandatory Career Courses - refers to the required training for a PNP
member to be eligible for promotion to the next higher rank.
Max Weber - As a German academic, Weber was primarily interested in

the reasons behind the employees actions and in why people who work
in an organization accept the authority of their superiors and comply
with the rules of the organization.
Maximum Tenure of Position - is the maximum cumulative period for a
PNP member to hold a particular position level.
Mental Incapacity - is a condition where a PNP member is unable to
exercise his/her reasoning faculties or incapable of understanding and
acting with discernment his/her duties and responsibilities as a result
of illness or injury as may be determined by the PNP medical screening
committee.
Non-Promotion - refers to the non advancement to the next higher rank
or position beyond the maximum prescribed period.
Order - People and materials should be in the right place at the
right time.
Organic Personnel To A Unit - is a PNP member assigned to a particular
unit covered with appropriate PNP assignment orders.
Original Appointment - refers to the appointment for the initial entry
of PNP member to the uniformed service who meets all the requirements
of the position.
Organizing - that is the establishment of the formal structure of
authority through which work subdivisions are arranged, defined, and
coordinated for the defined objective.
Pendency of an Attrition Action - refers to the stage when the
endorsement of the PRO regional director or the NSU director of a

PCO Attrition action has been officially received by the concerned
NHQ PCO attrition board through the NHQ screening committee report
of a PNCO attrition action has been officially received by the NHQ/
PRO/NSU attrition board.
Personnel Action on Attrition - is an action filed before the screening
committee based on a verified statement of an alleged means of
attrition by an initiating person.
Personnel Administration - Recruitment, induction, placement, transfer,
promotion, salary administration of Police personnel.
Personnel hired on grounds of technical competence - Appointment to
a position within the organization is made on the grounds of technical
competence. Work is assigned based on the experience and competence
of the individual.
Personnel Programs - refers to the activities programmed to implement
the organization philosophy or creed and the personnel philosophy of
central managers in relation to people so as to accomplish organizational
objectives.
Planning - that is working out in broad outline the things that need
to be done and the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose
set for the enterprise.
Police Appraisal or Performance Rating - is the evaluation of the
traits, behavior and effectiveness of a police officer on the job as
determined by work standards.
Police Compensation - Financial compensation in the form of wages of
salaries constitutes the largest single expenditure for most

organizations. In Metropolitan Manila and other urban centers, wages of
salaries represent the sole source to meet the basic needs of food,
clothing and shelter.
Police Personnel Management - (Human Resources Management) may be
defined as that area of management concerned with human relations in
the police organization.
Police Personnel Planning is a study of the labor supply of jobs,
which are composed with the demands for employees in an organization
to determine future personnel requirements, which either increase or
decrease.
Police Placement - is the process of making police officers adjusted
and knowledgeable in a new job and or working environment.
Police Recruitment - is the process of encouraging police applicant
from outside an organization to seek employment in an organization.
Recruitment - refers to the overall process of attracting,
selecting and appointing suitable candidates for jobs within
an organisation, either permanent or temporary.
Police Selections (screening) - is the process of determining the
most qualified police applicant for a given position in the police
organization.
Police Training and Development refers to any method used to improve
the attitude, knowledge, and skill or behavior pattern of an employee
for adequate performance of a given job.
Promotion - is the advancement of an employee's rank or position in

an organizational hierarchy system.
Promotion - means shifting of an employee to a higher position
carrying higher responsibilities, facilities, status and salaries.
Physical Fitness Test - the method of evaluating the physical condition
of PNP members in terms of stamina, strength, speed and agility.
Physical Incapacity - the inability of a PNP member to perform his/her
duties and responsibilities due to physical defect as a result if
disease or injury as may be determined by the PNP medical screening
committee.
Poor Performance - is the poor rating in the promulgated PNP
performance evaluation rating system.
Remuneration - Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.
Reporting - that is keeping those to whom the executive is responsible
informed as to what is going on, which thus includes keeping himself
and his subordinates informed through records, research, and inspection.
Respondent - refers to the PNP member subjected to attrition proceedings.
Retirement - the termination of employment and official relations of a
PNP member who rendered at least 20 years of active service in the
government with payment of corresponding benefits.
Scalar Chain - The line of authority from top management to the lowest
ranks represents the scalar chain. Communications should follow this
chain. However, if following the chain creates delays,
cross-communications can be allowed if agreed to by all parties and

superiors are kept informed.
Second Level PCO Ranks - refers to police commissioned officers below
the third level ranks in the PNP.
Second Level PCNO Ranks - refers to all rank for police non
commissioned officers.
Separation - is the termination of employment and official relations
of a PNP member who rendered less than 20 years of active service in
the government with payment of corresponding benefits.
Stability of tenure of personnel - High employee turnover is
inefficient. Management should provide orderly personnel planning and
ensure that replacements are available to fill vacancies.
Staffing - that is the whole personnel function of bringing in and
training the staff and maintaining favorable conditions of work.
Subordination of individual interests to the general interest - The
interests of any one employee or group of employees should not take
precedence over the interests of the organisation as a whole.
Third Level PCO Ranks - refers to police commissioned officers with
the rank of Police Senior Superintendent and higher.
Total Permanent Physical Disability - is any impairment of the body
which renders PNP member indefinitely incapable of substantially
performing the mandated duties and functions of his position.
Transfer - refers to a change in job assignment.
Unity of Command - Every employee should receive orders from only one
superior.
Unity of Direction - Each group of organisational activities that have
the same objective should be directed by one manager using one plan.
Waiver Program - refers to the waiver of the minimum age, height,
weight and educational requirements for the initial appointment to
the PNP pursuant to existing laws and policies.
Waiver - the act of choosing not to use or require something
that you are allowed to have or that is usually required.
Welfare - the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.
Written documents - All decisions, rules and actions taken by the
organization are formulated and recorded in writing. Written documents
ensure that there is continuity of the organizations policies and
procedures.
Comparative Police System

Reviewer
By criminologists - Friday, October 3, 2014 - No Comments
Comparative Police
System
Comparative Police System

Definition of Terms
Comparative Police System Reviewer

1998 - Asean Chiefs of Police (Aseanapol) was estabished.
Members Aseanapol
1. Indonesia
2. Malaysia
3. Philippines
4. Singapore
5. Thailand
6. Brunei Darussalam
7. Vietnam
8. Laos PDR
9. Myanmar
10.Cambodia
Abu Sayyaf - Abu means father and sayyaf means swordsmith, is a
militant Islamist group based in and around Jolo and Basilan,
Philippines.
Al Qaeda - literally means the base, a global militant Islamist
organization founded by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and
several other militants.
Apostasy - is defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a
Muslim in word or through deed. It includes the act of converting to
another religion by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who
had previously accepted Islam.
Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa - The National Police Agency of Mongolia.
Created in 1965 and with its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar.
Asean Police - Comparison
1. Afghanistan - Name of Police Agency - ANP (Afghanistan National Police)
Under What Department - Ministry of the Interior
Highest Ranking Officer - Police General
Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Patrolman
2. Armenia -
Name of Police Agency - Police of the Republic of Armenia
Under What Department - Ministry of Defense

Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Junior Sergeant

3. Azerbaijan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of the Republic of
Azerbaijan
Under What Department - Ministry of the Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer 4. Bahrain -
Name of Police Agency - Bahrain National Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Interior

Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer 5. Bangladesh - Name of Police Agency - Bangladesh Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
6. Bhutan -
Name of Police Agency - Royal Bhutan Police
Under What Department - Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs

Highest Ranking Officer - Gagpeon (Chief of Police)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gagpa
7. Brunei -
Name of Police Agency - Royal Brunei Police Force
Under What Department - Home Affairs Ministry

Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable
8. Myanmar -
Name of Police Agency - Myanmar Police Force

Highest Ranking Officer - Police Major General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
9. Cambodia - Name of Police Agency - Cambodian Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Brigadier General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Officer Cadet
10.Peoples Republic of China - Name of Police Agency - Peoples Armed
Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security

Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Constable 2nd Class
11.Cyprus -
Name of Police Agency - Cyprus Police Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice

Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
12.East Timor - Name of Police Agency - National Police of East Timor
Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer 13.Georgia -
Name of Police Agency - Georgian National Police
Under What Department - Department of Public Safety

Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
14.Hongkong - Name of Police Agency - Hongkong Police Force
Under What Department - Operations and Support
15.India -
Name of Police Agency - Indian Police Service

Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
Lowest Ranking Officer -
16.Indonesia - Name of Police Agency - Indonesian National Police

Lowest Ranking Officer - 2nd Bhayangkar
17.Iran -
Name of Police Agency - Iranian National Police

Under What Department - Ministry of Interior and Justice
Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer -
18.Iraq -
Name of Police Agency - Iraqi Police Service

Highest Ranking Officer - Chief of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Patrolman
19.Israel -
Name of Police Agency - Israeli Police Force

Under What Department - Ministry of Internal Security
Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner
20.Japan -
Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency

Under What Department - National Public Safety Commission
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer
21.Jordan -
Name of Police Agency - Public security Force
Under What Department - Public Security Directorate of

the Ministry of Interior
Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer 22.Kazakhstan - Name of Police Agency - National Police of Kazakhstan
Under What Department - National Security Committee of
Ministry of internal Affairs
Highest Ranking Officer - Procurator General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Ryadovoy
23.North Korea - Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency
Highest Ranking Officer - Daewon (Grand Marshall)
Lowest Ranking Officer - Chonsa (Private)
24.South Korea - Name of Police Agency - Korea National Police Agency (KNPA)
Under What Department - Ministry of Government Administration
and Home Affairs
25.Kuwait -
Name of Police Agency - Kuwait National Police
Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General

26.Kyrgyzstan - Name of Police Agency - Kyrgyzstan Police
Highest Ranking Officer - General
27.Laos -
Name of Police Agency - Laos National Police

28.Lebanon -
Name of Police Agency - International Security Forces

Highest Ranking Officer - Director General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Gendarme
29.Macau -
Name of Police Agency - Macau National Police Force

Highest Ranking Officer - Superintendent
Lowest Ranking Officer - Guard
30.Malaysia - Name of Police Agency - Royal Malaysian Police
31.Maldives - Name of Police Agency - Maldives Police
Under What Department - National Security and Defense Branch
Lowest Ranking Officer - Lance Constable
32.Mongolia - Name of Police Agency - Mongolia Public Security Force
Under What Department - Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs
Lowest Ranking Officer - Private
33.Nepal -
Name of Police Agency - Nepal Police Force
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General

34.Oman -
Name of Police Agency - Royal Oman Police

Highest Ranking Officer - Lieutenant General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Conscript
35.Pakistan - Name of Police Agency - Pakistan Police Force
Highest Ranking Officer - Inspector General
36.Papua New Guinea - Name of Police Agency - Royal Papua New Guinea
Constabulary
Under What Department Highest Ranking Officer - Commissioner of Police
Lowest Ranking Officer - Kiap (Patrol Officer)
37.Philippines - Name of Police Agency - Philippine National Police
Under What Department - Department of Interior and
Local Government
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer 1
38.Qatar -
Name of Police Agency - Qatar National Police

Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer - Shurti
39.Russia -
Name of Police Agency - Militsiya

Highest Ranking Officer - Police Colonel
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Cadet
40.Saudi Arabia - Name of Police Agency - Departmemnt of Security
Under What Department Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer -
41.Singapore - Name of Police Agency - Singapore Police Force

Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable
42.Sri Lanka - Name of Police Agency - Sri Lanka Police Service
Under What Department - Defense Ministry
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Constable Class 4
43.Syria -
Name of Police Agency - Syria Public Security Police

Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Private
44.Taiwan -
Name of Police Agency - National Police Agency

Highest Ranking Officer - Police Supervisor General
Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Rank 4
45.Thailand - Name of Police Agency - Royal Thai Police Force
46.Turkey -
Name of Police Agency - Turkish Police

Lowest Ranking Officer - Police Officer\
47.Turkmenistan - Name of Police Agency - Turkmenistan National Police
Force
Under What Department - Ministry of State Security
Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer 48.UAE Dubai - Name of Police Agency - National Police Forces
Highest Ranking Officer - General Commander
Lowest Ranking Officer 49.Uzbekistan - Name of Police Agency - Uzbekistan Police Force
50.Vietnam -
Name of Police Agency - Peoples Police of Vietnam

Lowest Ranking Officer 51.Yemen -
Name of Police Agency - Yemen National Police Force

Highest Ranking Officer Lowest Ranking Officer -
Basic Functions of Criminal Justice System

1. Policing
2. Adjudication
3. Correction
Centralized Police - A country with only one recognized police force
which operates entire that country. It uses a centralized system of
policing. Philippines is an example of centralized police because
the Philippine National Police has one central office with many
regional, provincial and local branches throughout the country.
Decentralized police - refers to a system where police
administrations and operations are independent from one state
to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal
government.
Comparative Criminology - Theories (Scheider)
Alertness to crime theory - is that as a nation develops,

peoples alertness to crime is heightened, so they report more
crime to police and also demand the police become moreeffective
at solving crime problems.
Chowkidar - in India, means one who inhabits a "chowki", police station
or guard house.
Economic or migration theory - is that crime everywhere is
the result of unrestrained migration and over population in
urban areas such as ghettos and slums.
Opportunity theory - is that along with higher standards of
living, victims become more careless of their belongings,
and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
Demographic theory - is based on the event of when a greater
number of children are being born, because as these baby booms
grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent
identity crisis. Deprivation theory holds that progress comes
along with rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top dont see
themselves rising fast enough.
Modernization theory - sees the problem as society becoming too
complex.
Theory of anomie and synomie - (the latter being a term
referring to social cohesion on values), suggests that
progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration
of older norms that once held people together (anomie).
Chusai-san - the rural police officer in Japan.

Comparative Criminal Justice - it is as subfield of the study of
criminal justice systems worldwide. It studies the similarities and
differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights
as well as the history and political stature of different systems.
Comparative Police System - it is the science and art of investigating
and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of
police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.
Confucian thought - The belief that social order can be achieved
through moral and political reform because man is by nature good or
capable of goodness.
Countries With Less Or No Crime
1. Switzerland
2. Japan
3. Ireland
4. Egypt - Siwa Oasis
Cybercrimes - are generally defined as any type of illegal activity
that makes use of the Internet, a private or public network, or an
in-house computer system.
Cyberstalking - a technologically based attack on person because
of anger, revenge, or control.
Computer Fraud - altering data or gaining unlawful use of
computer or services.
Identity Theft - using another's personal information to commit
fraud or other crimes.

Computer Viruses - a program that copies itself and infects a
computer.
Denial of Service Attacks - making service unavailable to users.
Malware - malicious software that interferes with the functioning
of computers and sending data of user over the internet.
Information warfare - attacks on information and computer systems.
Different Police Global Organizations
1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. Europol
3. IACP
4. Interpol
5. UN policing
Drug Trafficking - Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia. This include any equipment used to manufacture
illegal drugs or use them.
Elliniki Astynomia - is the national police service of Greece.
EUROPOL - It means European Police Office or Europol. Europol is the
European Unions criminal intelligence agency. It became fully
operational on July 1,1999. Europol only acts on request at present.
EUROPOL's Mandate
1. llicit drug trafficking
2. Illicit immigration networks;
3. Terrorism; Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro)

and other means of payment;
4. Trafficking in human beings (including child pornography);
5. Illicit vehicle trafficking;
6. Money laundering
Gendarmerie Nationale - is the national rural police force of Algeria.
National Gendarmerie - is a branch of the French Armed Forces,
in charge of public safety, with police duties among the
civilian population.
Globalization - is a process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies,and government of different nations, as process
driven by international trade and investment and aided by information
technology.
Hezbollah - literally means "Party of God", is a Shi'a Islamist militant
group and political party based in Lebanon.
Hongkong Police Force - It is the world's second, and Asia's first,
police agency to operate with a modern policing system.
Human Trafficking - the illegal movement of people, typically for the
purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
IACP - (International Association of Chiefs of Police) the worlds
oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in over 80 different countries.
IACPs leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.
Illegal Drug Trade - the term being used in the international scene,
it is a more comprehensive term than drug trafficking as it includes
cultivation and manufacture.
International Crime - Defined as crimes against the peace and security
of mankind.
International Crimes
1. Aggression (by one state against another)
2. Treat of aggression
3. Genocide (destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or
religious group)
4. Terrorism
5. Drug trafficking
International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and description
of one countrys law, criminal procedure, or justice. Comparative
criminal justice system attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal
justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in terms of
another country,culture, or institution.
Interpol - (International Criminal Police Organization) It began in
1923,and at the same time its name was International Criminal
Police Commission. In 1956, its name became International Criminal
Police Organization. Slowly, the name of this international organization
became famous as Interpol. Now,Interpol is the second biggest
international organization; the United Nations is the first.
Jemaah Islamiyah - (Islamic Congregation) is a Southeast Asian militant
Islamist terrorist organization dedicated to the establishment of a
regional Islamic caliphate in Southeast Asia.
Jolly R. Bugarin - a Filipino former President of the Interpol, from

1980 to 1984. He is the only Filipino who had achieved that feat.
Koban - is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Often
translated to English as Police Box. Koban are staffed by a relatively
small number of police officers (usually 3-5 officers).
Chuzaisho - (residential police box) is usually staffed by a
single officer. The Chuzaisho is typically located outside of
urban districts in villages and is operated by one community
officer, who resides with his family in this police facility.
Hashutsusho - (police box) The Hashutsusho is typically placed
in an urban district and is operated by a number of community
police officers who work under a shift system. The community
officers generally live in the jurisdiction served by the
Hashutsusho.
Model System - is used to described the countries being used as
topics of discussion.These countries are chosen not because they are
greater than others but because they are thefocus of comparison
being studied.
Money Laundering - the concealment of the origins of illegally obtained
money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or
legitimate businesses.
Mutawa - religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure
strict adherence to established codes of conduct.
National Public Safety Commission - is the policy making and oversight
body of the national police forces in Japan and South Korea.
Ng Pirihimana o Aotearoa - it literally means "the policeman", is the

national police force of New Zealand. Policing in New Zealand started
in 1840.
Palermo Protocols - are three protocols that were adopted by the
United Nations to supplement the 2000 Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime. They are:
1. The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, especially Women and Children; and
2. The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air.
3. The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking
in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition
POLRI - (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) Indonesian National Police.
The Chief of Police of Indonesia is called Kapolri.
Police Box - is a British telephone kiosk or callbox located in a public
place for the use of members of the police, or for members of the public
to contact the police. Most are disused at present with the advent of
two way radio and mobile phones.
Polis Diraja - the Royal Malaysia police.
RA 8792 - Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.
RA 9208 - The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.
RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
RA 9372 - Human Security Act of 2007.
RA 9995 - Anti-Photo and Voyeurism Act of 2009.

Schupo - (Schutzpolizei), the state level police of the German States.
Taliban - means "students", is an Islamic fundamentalist political
movement in Afghanistan.
Terrorism - the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and
intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
Transnational Crime - It is a term that has been used in comparative
and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect
the complexity and enormity of global crime issues. It is defined
by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception, proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country.
Examples of Transnational Crimes
1. Money laundering
2. Drug trafficking
3. Terrorism
4. Human trafficking
5. Cyber crime
Transnational Organized Crime - involves the planning and execution
of illicit business ventures by groups or networks of individuals
working in more than one country. These criminal groups use systematic
violence and corruption to achieve their goal. Crimes commonly
include money laundering; human smuggling; cyber crime; and
trafficking of humans, drugs, weapons,endangered species, body parts,
or nuclear material.
Types of Court Systems of the World

1. Adversarial System - the accused is innocent until proven guilty.
2. Inquisitorial System - the accused is guilty until proven innocent.
Vetting - is the process of performing a background check on someone
to ensure that they are suitable for a job requiring secrecy, loyalty,
or trustworthiness.
Well Known Organized Crime Group
1. Russian Mafia - Around 200 Russian groups that operate in nearly
60 countries worldwide. They have been involved in racketeering,
fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug trafficking, ransom, robbery
and murder.
2. La Cosa Nostra - Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia.
The most prominent organized crime group in the world from the
1920s to the 1990s. They have been involved in violence, arson,
bombings, torture, sharking, gambling, drug trafficking, health
insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.
3. Yakuza - Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational
criminals activities,including human trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.
4. FukChing - Chinese organized group in the United States. They
have been involved in smuggling, street violence, and human
trafficking.
5. Triads - Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They
control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved in
money laundering and drug trafficking.
6. Heijin - Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large
corporations. They are often involved in white collar crimes,
such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and sometimes run
for public office.
7. Jao Pho - Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often
involved in illegal political and business activity.

8. Red Wa - Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in
manufacturing and trafficking methamphetamine.

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4. Risk - a potential loss or damage to an asset.

No regular license shall be granted to any private security

3. License (LTO) shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous

4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age

security agency shall be granted license to operate

thereof shall be considered prima-facie evidence

Qualifications of the Operator/Manager of a Security Agency

services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.

Three Major Areas of Security

Police Patrol Reviewer

Police Patrol Reviewer

1842 - the London Metropolitan Police established the first detective

Henry Fielding and his half brother, Sir John Fielding.

Patrol Activities and Purposes

3. Counsel - supervisor available and when requested shows

Principle 3 - Police must secure the willing co-operation of

1. Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large

Purposes of Criminal Investigation

Police Intelligence Reviewer

Police Intelligence Reviewer

Alexander The Great - A Greek Conqueror, was able to identify those

severe damage to the nation, politically, economically, or

and the protection of information against espionage, subversion and

2. False Informant - reveals information of no consequences

Informers - refers to any person who provides information to the agents

c. Supervise collection efforts

data are conferences, briefing and person to person exchanges.

ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's premier intelligence

for purposes of debriefing and reporting.

witness and must be protected from harm or other

including those derived from observation, reports, rumors,

SHIN BET (Internal Security)

2. Counter-Intelligence - preparation and execution of plans

5. intelligence must be available on time

This includes transmission, cryptographic and physical security.

Partial Background Investigation - investigation of the

2. Social Assignment - the agent will gain access to the subject

Police Personnel and Records

Police Personnel and Records Management

Attrition - refers to the retirement or separation from the police

c. PNP Deputy chief for Administration - 4 years

commensurate to his/her rank in the PNP table of organization.

Formal hierarchical structure - An organization is organized into a

Max Weber - As a German academic, Weber was primarily interested in

endorsement of the PRO regional director or the NSU director of a

salaries constitutes the largest single expenditure for most

Promotion - is the advancement of an employee's rank or position in

cross-communications can be allowed if agreed to by all parties and

Comparative Police System

Comparative Police System

Comparative Police System Reviewer

Name of Police Agency - Police of the Republic of Armenia

Under What Department - Ministry of Defense

Lowest Ranking Officer - Junior Sergeant

Name of Police Agency - Bahrain National Police

Under What Department - Ministry of Interior

Name of Police Agency - Royal Bhutan Police

Under What Department - Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs

Name of Police Agency - Royal Brunei Police Force

Under What Department - Home Affairs Ministry

Name of Police Agency - Myanmar Police Force

Under What Department - Ministry of Home Affairs

Under What Department - Ministry of Public Security