Natural science 4 REVIEW

Question 1

Which of the following parts of the circulatory system is responsible for the distribution of the digested fats
such as fatty acids and glycerol, throughout the body?
Select one:
a. Lacteals

A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. The aorta
distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. The pulmonary
veins are large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium
of the heart. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The aorta is
the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to
the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
b. Pulmonary veins
c. Aorta
d. Pulmonary artery

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The correct answer is: Lacteals
Question 2

Which of the following can cause different seasons? I. Earths revolution around the sun II. Earths
rotation on its own axis III. Tilting of the earths own axis
Select one:
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. None of the given choices
d. I, II, and III

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The correct answer is: I and III
Question 3

Which of the following scientific attitude is shown by the person who keeps seeking answers to things is
he interested with?
Select one:
a. Resourcefulness
b. Curiosity

Curiosity involves an inquiry outside oneself. The scientific attitude is based on the assumption that the
truth may be known through observation and experiment.
c. Honesty
d. Open mindedness

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The correct answer is: Curiosity
Question 4

What phase of the moon is observed when it cannot be seen at all because it passes directly, between
the earth and the moon?
Select one:
a. Quarter moon
b. Full moon
c. Crescent moon
d. New moon

In astronomy, new moon is the first phase of the Moon, when it orbits as seen from the Earth, the moment
when the Moon and the Sun have the same ecliptical longitude. The Moon is not visible at this time
except when it is seen in silhouette during a solar eclipse when it is illuminated by earthshine. See the
article on phases of the Moon for further details.

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The correct answer is: New moon
Question 5

Which of the following is not a use of electronic weather instrument radar?

Select one:
a. Used to track hurricanes
b. Used to measure the speed of high altitude winds
c. Used to predict earthquakes

Raw images are routinely used and specialized software can take radar data to make short term forecasts
of future positions and intensities of rain, snow, hail, and other weather phenomena. Radar output is even
incorporated into numerical weather prediction models to improve analyses and forecasts. Earthquake
prediction is an immature scienceit has not yet lead to a successful prediction of an earthquake from
first physical principles. Therefore, some research focuses on empirical analysis, either identifying
distinctive precursors to earthquakes, or identifying some kind of geophysical trend or pattern in seismicity
that might precede a large earthquake.
d. Used to give precise location and extent of storms

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The correct answer is: Used to predict earthquakes
Question 6

If A and B are two objects with masses of 100kg and 75kg respectively, then:
Select one:
a. B will have more inertia
b. Both will have less inertia
c. A will have more inertia

Mass is that quantity that is solely dependent upon the inertia of an object. The more inertia that an object
has, the more mass it has. A more massive object has a greater tendency to resist changes in its state of
motion.

d. Both will have the same inertia

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The correct answer is: A will have more inertia
Question 7

What factor is responsible for the objects loss of weight when immersed in liquid?
Select one:
a. Atomic structure
b. Molecular arrangement
c. Specific gravity
d. Buoyant force

Archimedes (a greek mathematician) determined that a body which is completely or partially submerged
in a fluid experiences an upward force called the Buoyant Force, B, which is equal in magnitude to the
weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the
density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a
reference substance for the same given volume.
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The correct answer is: Buoyant force
Question 8

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Select one:
a. The presence or absence of a rigid of cell wall
b. The presence of ribosomes
c. Whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
d. Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

The distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered to be the most important distinction
among groups of organisms. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus

(enclosed by internal membrane), while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the
structure of chromosomal DNA.
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The correct answer is: Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
Question 9

Through the evolutionary processes, organisms can:

Select one:
a. Eliminate their need for an energy source
b. Eliminate their cell structure
c. Stop the need to reproduce
d. Adapt to their environment

In biology, an adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is a trait with a current functional role in the life of
an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. Adaptation refers to both the
current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation.
Adaptations enhance the fitness and survival of individuals.
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The correct answer is: Adapt to their environment
Question 10

Which of the following show examples of physical change?

Select one:
a. Sawing a log, crushing a can, fermenting of wine
b. Burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding of fireworks
c. Freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of nail
d. Boiling in water, bursting of balloon, and melting of an ice tube

Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical
composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but

cannot usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds. Physical
changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does not change their chemical
composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical change in which the composition of a substance
changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances. In general a physical
change is reversible using physical means. Fermenting of wine, rusting of nail, burning of gasoline and
rotting of an egg, are examples of chemical change.
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The correct answer is: Boiling in water, bursting of balloon, and melting of an ice tube
Question 11
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Greenhouse gases refer to gases that:
Select one:
a. Result in cooling of the earths atmosphere
b. Act like an open window and let the earths heat escape
c. Allow the suns radiation through but traps some of the heat trying to escape back into space

A greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared
radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere. By increasing the heat in the atmosphere,
greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming.
d. All of the above

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The correct answer is: Allow the suns radiation through but traps some of the heat trying to escape back
into space
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Which gas law is being described when a football inflated inside and then taken outdoors on a wider day
shrinks slightly?
Select one:
a. Gay-Iussac law
b. Charles law
c. Boyles law
d. Avogadros law

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The correct answer is: Charles law
Question 13
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What primary type of heat transfer occurs if a cool breeze blows off the water when you are at the beach?
Select one:
a. Conduction
b. Insulation
c. Convection

Heat can be lost through the processes of conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. Conduction
is the process of losing heat through physical contact with another object or body. For example, if you
were to sit on a metal chair, the heat from your body would transfer to the cold metal chair. Convection is
the process of losing heat through the movement of air or water molecules across the skin. The use of a
fan to cool off the body is one example of convection. The amount of heat loss from convection is
dependent upon the airflow or in aquatic exercise, the water flow over the skin. Radiation is a form of heat
loss through infrared rays. This involves the transfer of heat from one object to another, with no physical
contact involved. For example, the sun transfers heat to the earth through radiation. The last process of
heat loss is evaporation. Evaporation is the process of losing heat through the conversion of water to gas
(evaporation of sweat).
d. Radiation

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The correct answer is: Convection
Question 14
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What part of the nucleus determines the isotope?

Select one:
a. Neutrons

An element is defined as an atom with a specific number of protons in its nucleus, determining its atomic
number and chemical characteristics. There are usually several possible number of neutrons for the
specific element. Each element typically has several isotopes, as determined by the number of neutrons
in its nucleus.
b. Protons only
c. Both protons and neutrons
d. Neither protons nor neutrons

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The correct answer is: Neutrons
Question 15
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Which of the following pairs show mutualism?
Select one:
a. Chicken and snake
b. Man and ascaris
c. Tree and orchids
d. Ants and aphids

Ants and aphids share a well-documented relationship of mutualism. Ants feed on the sugary honeydew
left behind by aphids. In exchange, the ants protect the aphids from predators and parasites. In fact,
honey ants will go to unusual lengths to ensure the health of the aphids in their care. Man and ascaris
exhibit parasitism, trees and orchids show commensalism, while chicken and snake exhibit predation.
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The correct answer is: Ants and aphids
Question 16
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If the forces acting upon an object are balanced, then the object?
Select one:
a. Must be moving with a constant velocity
b. Must not be moving
c. Must not be accelerating

Newton's first law of motion predicts the behavior of objects for which all existing forces are balanced. The
first law - sometimes referred to as the law of inertia - states that if the forces acting upon an object are
balanced, then the acceleration of that object will be 0 m/s/s. Objects at equilibrium (the condition in which
all forces balance) will not accelerate. According to Newton, an object will only accelerate if there is net or
unbalanced force acting upon it. The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an object changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction.
d. None of these

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The correct answer is: Must not be accelerating

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Each of the following is a cell organelle except one. Which of these?
Select one:
a. Mitochondrion
b. Lysosome
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Cytoplasm

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Individual
organelles are usually separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers. In cell biology, an organelle
/rnl/ is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Individual organelles are
usually separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers.
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The correct answer is: Cytoplasm
Question 18
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Question text
What change of matter is characterized by a change in composition of the substance and the formation of
a new one?
Select one:
a. Chemical change

Chemical change is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. At the
molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. Physical
changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. In a
nuclear change the elements can change from one to another. Nuclei can break apart to form smaller
elements. Nuclei can fuse together to make heavier elements. Neutrons can turn into protons and protons
into neutrons.
b. Physical change
c. None of the above
d. Nuclear change

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The correct answer is: Chemical change
Question 19
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A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based on this information it
could not be
Select one:

a. A bacterium

Bacteria are examples of the prokaryotic cell type. An example is E. coli. In general, prokaryotic cells are
those that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
b. A yeast (fungus) cell
c. A cell from a pine tree
d. A grasshopper cell

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The correct answer is: A bacterium
Question 20
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The statement, Objects want to keep doing the same thing is a way of stating which law of motion?
Select one:
a. Law of Acceleration
b. Second law of Motion
c. Third law of motion
d. Firs law of motion

Newton's first law of motion states that "An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in
motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force."
Objects tend to "keep on doing what they're doing." In fact, it is the natural tendency of objects to resist
changes in their state of motion. This tendency to resist changes in their state of motion is described as

inertia. The second law of motion states the relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a,
and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being
displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the
acceleration vector. The third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
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The correct answer is: Firs law of motion
Question 21
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What does a simple machine do?
Select one:
a. Decreases the amount of work required to perform a task
b. Reduces the force or effort required to do a task

Simple machines make work easier by multiplying, reducing, or changing the direction of a force. The
scientific formula for work is w = f x d, or, work is equal to force multiplied by distance. Simple machines
cannot change the amount of work done, but they can reduce the effort force that is required to do the
work.
c. Increases the amount of work required to perform a task
d. Requires the same amount of work to complete a task but is automated so that it does the work for you

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The correct answer is: Reduces the force or effort required to do a task

Question 22
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Which is an example of effusion?
Select one:
a. Helium dispersing into a room after a balloon pops
b. Air slowly escaping from a pinhole in a tire

In chemistry, effusion is the process in which individual molecules flow through a hole without collisions
between molecules
c. The aroma of a cooling pie spreading across the room
d. Oxygen and gasoline fumes mixing in an automobile carburetor

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The correct answer is: Air slowly escaping from a pinhole in a tire
Question 23
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What do you call the property which states that no two bodies can occupy the same space at a time?

Select one:
a. Impenetrability

In metaphysics, impenetrability is the name given to that quality of matter whereby two bodies cannot
occupy the same space at the same time. Porosity is a measure of how much of a rock is open space.
This space can be between grains or within cracks or cavities of the rock. Ductility is when a solid material
stretches under tensile stress. If ductile, a material may be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar
property, is a material's ability to deform under pressure (compressive stress). If malleable, a material
may be flattened by hammering or rolling.
b. Malleability
c. Ductility
d. Porosity

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The correct answer is: Impenetrability
Question 24
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What is an example of gas diffusion?
Select one:
a. The odor of perfume spreading throughout the room

Diffusion is faster at higher temperatures because the gas molecules have greater kinetic energy. Effusion
refers to the movement of gas particles through a small hole. The air in the tire and the oxygen in the
cylinder isn't going anywhere.

b. Inflating a flat tire

c. All of the above
d. A cylinder of oxygen stored under high pressure

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The correct answer is: The odor of perfume spreading throughout the room
Question 25
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Which equation for Newtons second law would you use in finding acceleration if you know mass and
force? Let f=force, m=mass, and a=acceleration.
Select one:
a. a = m/f
b. a = fm
c. a = f/m

The second law of motion states the relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the
applied force F is F = ma. So a = f/m, and m = f/a.
d. a = fma

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The correct answer is: a = f/m
Question 26

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Which of the following actions must be done to show your perseverance if you failed in your project the
first time you do it?
Select one:
a. Try and try until you produce one

Perseverance is not giving up. It is persistence and tenacity, the effort required to do something and keep
doing it till the end, even if it's hard.
b. Ask somebody to do it for you
c. Stop doing the project and try a much easier one
d. Tell your teacher you will not do it anymore

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The correct answer is: Try and try until you produce one
Question 27
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What primary type of heat transfer occurs if you feel warmer in a black t-shirt than a white t-shirt?
Select one:
a. Conduction
b. Insulation
c. Radiation
d. Convection

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The correct answer is: Radiation
Question 28
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What should be done to a hypothesis?
Select one:
a. Turn it to a law
b. Observe more facts
c. Verify test through experimentation

Hypothesis testing is a process by which an analyst tests a statistical hypothesis. The methodology
employed by the analyst depends on the nature of the data used, and the goals of the analysis. The goal
is to either accept or reject the null hypothesis.
d. Make a conclusion

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The correct answer is: Verify test through experimentation
Question 29
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What stage of development of man does the skull increase rapidly?
Select one:
a. Adolescence
b. Babyhood

The plates of the membranous bones making up the calvarium of the skull are each derived from the
primary ossification center, from which bone formation spreads outward. However, the individual plates do
not fused with each other during prenatal development. As a consequence, new born babies have
unclosed sutures and fontanelles. These temporary discontinuities between the bones of the calvarium
aid passage of the head through the birth canal at childbirth and permit an increase in the size of the skull
to match brain growth after birth.
c. Embryonic stage
d. Puberty

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The correct answer is: Babyhood
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Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell, they would:
Select one:
a. Have a greater variety of organelles
b. Be smaller

Perhaps the most obvious structural characteristic of bacteria is (with some exceptions) their small size.
For example, Escherichia coli cells, an "average" sized bacterium, are about 2 micrometres (m) long and
0.5 m in diameter, with a cell volume of 0.6 - 0.7 m3. Small size is extremely important because it
allows for a large surface area-to-volume ratio which allows for rapid uptake and intracellular distribution
of nutrients and excretion of wastes. At low surface area-to-volume ratios the diffusion of nutrients and
waste products across the bacterial cell membrane limits the rate at which microbial metabolism can
occur, making the cell less evolutionarily fit.
c. Lack a plasma membrane
d. Have a smaller nucleus

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The correct answer is: Be smaller
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Question text
Which of the following factors is responsible for the earths different seasons?
Select one:
a. Earths distance from the sun
b. Earths rotation on its own axis
c. Moons rotating around the earth
d. The tilting of the earth on its axis

The seasons are caused as the Earth, tilted on its axis, travels in a loop around the Sun each year.
Summer happens in the hemisphere tilted towards the Sun, and winter happens in the hemisphere tilted
away from the Sun. As the Earth travels around the Sun, the hemisphere that is tilted towards or away
from the Sun changes.
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The correct answer is: The tilting of the earth on its axis
Question 32
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Which of the following means development of egg without fertilization?
Select one:
a. Meiosis
b. Parthenogenesis
c. Spermatogenesis

Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring develops from unfertilized eggs.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. This process
occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants,
and fungi. Spermatogenesis is the process in which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial
germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis. The initial cells in this pathway are called spermatogonia, which
yield primary spermatocytes by mitosis. Cogenesis is the genesis of two entities at the same time.
d. Cogenesis

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The correct answer is: Spermatogenesis
Question 33
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Which type of solution will cause cell to shrink or shiver?
Select one:
a. All of these
b. Isotonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
d. Hypertonic solution

A hypertonic solution will make the cell shrink. Hypertonic means there is a higher concentration of solute
in the extra cellular fluid (ECF) than the inside of the cell. This means that the ECF has a lower
concentration of water because it has a high solute concentration, while the inside has a high
concentration of water and low concentration of solute. Molecules move from an area of low concentration
to high concentration. There is a higher water concentration inside the cell, therefore it will move outside

the cell and into the ECF. This causes the cell to shrink. This is called diffusion, and in the case of water,
which this is, it`s called osmosis. I`m sure these terms are familiar.
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The correct answer is: Hypertonic solution
Question 34
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What steps follows after the identification of problem?
Select one:
a. Make conclusion
b. Perform the experiment
c. Formulate the hypothesis

Steps of scientific method are the following: make an observation, form a question or identification of
problem, forming a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, gathering, analyzing and drawing a conclusion.
d. Gather data

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The correct answer is: Formulate the hypothesis
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Where does the visible light fall on the electromagnetic spectrum?
Select one:
a. Between microwaves and infrared
b. Between shot wave radio and television
c. Between and x-ray and gamma rays
d. Between infrared and ultraviolet

Hence the names of infrared and ultraviolet after the low frequency color and high frequency color
respectively.
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The correct answer is: Between infrared and ultraviolet
Question 36
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Which type of radiation can penetrate farthest into a material?
Select one:
a. Alpha ray

b. X-ray
c. Gamma ray

Gamma rays are the most dangerous form of ionizing radiation. These extremely high energy photons
can travel through most forms of matter because they have no mass. It takes several inches of lead -- or
several feet of concrete -- to effectively block gamma rays. If you're exposed to gamma rays, they pass
through your entire body, affecting all of your tissues from your skin to the marrow of your bones. This
causes widespread, systemic damage.
d. Beta ray

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The correct answer is: Gamma ray
Question 37
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Which gas law explains why throwing an aerosol can into a fire may cause it to explode?
Select one:
a. Charles law
b. Boyles law
c. Avogadros law
d. Gay-Iussac s law

Gay-Lussacs Law is a special case of the ideal gas law. This law only applies to ideal held at a constant
volume allowing only the pressure and temperature to change. Charles's law (also known as the law of

volumes) is an experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand when heated. A modern
statement of Charles's law is. When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin
temperature and the volume will be directly related. For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed
temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Or Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the
pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship, when temperature is held constant.
Avogadro's law states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the
same number of molecules". For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas
are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.
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The correct answer is: Gay-Iussac s law
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An athlete can take a longer jump if he comes running from a distance as compared to that when he
jumps suddenly. Identify the type of inertia of the athlete running from a distance.
Select one:
a. Inertia of motion

(a) Inertia of Rest: The inability of a body to change by itself its state of rest is known as Inertia of Rest.
(b) Inertia of Motion: The Inability of a body to change by itself its state of uniform motion is known as
Inertia of motion. E.g. An athlete runs a certain distance before taking a long jump because the velocity
acquired by running is added to the time of jump, so that it can cover a long distance. (c) Inertia of
Direction: The inability of a body to change by itself its direction of motion.
b. Inertia of direction
c. Inertia of rest

d. Inertia of position

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The correct answer is: Inertia of motion
Question 39
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Which of the following is the best method of preventing occurrence of H-fever and dengue fever during
rainy seasons?
Select one:
a. Ask children to wear pants and jacket in going to school
b. Fumigate the place
c. Vaccinate the children
d. Clean the possible breeding places of mosquitoes

The mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus typically live in and around houses, breeding in standing
water that can collect in such things as used automobile tires. Reduce the breeding habitat to lower
mosquito populations.
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The correct answer is: Clean the possible breeding places of mosquitoes
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Which of the following is an extensive property of matter?
Select one:
a. The number of calories of energy you derive from eating a banana
b. The number of calories of energy made available to your body when you consume 10.0 g of
sugar

If you think about the various observable properties of matter, it will become apparent that these fall into
two classes. Some properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the quantity of matter in the sample
we are studying. Clearly, these properties, as important as they may be, cannot by themselves be used to
characterize a kind of matter; to say that water has a mass of 2 kg is nonsense, although it may be quite
true in a particular instance. Properties of this kind are called extensive properties of matter. Suppose we
make further measurements, and find that the same quantity of water whose mass is 2.0 kg also occupies
a volume of 2.0 liters. We have measured two extensive properties (mass and volume) of the same
sample of matter. This allows us to define a new quantity, the quotient m/V which defines another property
of water which we call the density. Unlike the mass and the volume, which by themselves refer only to
individual samples of water, the density (mass per unit volume) is a property of all samples of pure water
at the same temperature. Density is an example of an intensive property of matter.
c. The volume of beer in a mug
d. The mass of iron present in your blood

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The correct answer is: The number of calories of energy made available to your body when you consume
10.0 g of sugar
Question 41
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Suppose the temperature of the air in a balloon is increased. If the pressure remains constant, what
quantity must change?
Select one:
a. Number of molecules
b. Volume

Charles' Law states: If the pressure of a gas sample is kept constant, the volume of the sample will vary
directly with the temperature in Kelvin (Figure 9.9). As the temperature increases, so will the volume; if the
temperature decreases, the volume will decrease. This relationship can be expressed by an equation
relating the initial volume (V1) and initial temperature (T1 measured in K) to the final volume (V2) and final
temperature (T2 measured in K).
c. Compressibility
d. Adhesion

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The correct answer is: Volume
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Question text
What could be the cause of loss of teeth for some mothers after pregnancy?
Select one:
a. Due to too much sugar in the diet
b. Lack of sugar in the diet
c. Lack of iron and other minerals in the diet during pregnancies

Poor nutrition with lack of certain nutrients in your diet can decrease your mouths resistance to infection.
Calcium is responsible for mineral density of bone supporting the teeth. Decreased calcium intake affect
tooth retention and has been associated with increased risk of tooth loss. Additionally, diets rich in sugar,
carbohydrates and acids damage your teeth and gums.
d. Poor hygiene practice

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The correct answer is: Lack of iron and other minerals in the diet during pregnancies
Question 43
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Which of the following can contribute to ozone depletion?
Select one:
a. Supersonic, transport and aerosol sprays

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly
responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion. The total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and

bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric
chlorine (EESC). They were used in air conditioning and cooling units, as aerosol spray propellants prior
to the 1970s, and in the cleaning processes of delicate electronic equipment.
b. Heavy metals like mercury in mines
c. Methane in landfills
d. Pesticides and insecticide sprays

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The correct answer is: Supersonic, transport and aerosol sprays
Question 44
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Which life science studies the changes that take place in organisms through time?
Select one:
a. Physiology
b. Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations.
Physiology, from Ancient Greek (physis), meaning "nature, origin", and (-logia), meaning "study of") is the
scientific study of normal function in living systems. Ecology (from Greek: "house"; "study of") is the
scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an
interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity,
and genetic variation in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, but it intersects
frequently with many of the life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.

c. Genetics
d. Ecology

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The correct answer is: Evolution
Question 45
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What science deals with the study of atmosphere and all its conditions?
Select one:
a. Geology
b. Weather science
c. Meteorology

Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. Geology is an earth science
comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they
change. Astronomy, a natural science, is the study of celestial objects (such as stars, galaxies, planets,
moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae) and processes (such as supernovae explosions, gamma ray
bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such
objects and processes, and more generally all phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth.
Weather Science provides the forecasting capabilities that are used for routine operational short to
medium range forecasting of the weather, the oceans and their impacts.
d. Astronomy

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The correct answer is: Meteorology
Question 46
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Which of the following explain why we see the sunrise in the east?
Select one:
a. The earth rotates from west to east

The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, so that the Sun returns to the same position in the sky
every day. If you could look down on the Solar System and see all the planets, they would all be rotating
in the same direction: counter clockwise, from west to east.
b. The earth revolves eastward
c. On the globe, we are located in the east
d. We are located in the 20th median

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The correct answer is: The earth rotates from west to east
Question 47
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What is the product of electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions?
Select one:
a. Ionic configuration
b. Ionic compound
c. Ionic bond

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. A
covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These
electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs and the stable balance of attractive and
repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.
d. Covalent bond

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The correct answer is: Ionic bond
Question 48
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Which element is most responsible for depleting the ozone layer?

Select one:
a. Oxygen
b. Helium
c. Hydrogen
d. Chlorine

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly
responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion. The total amount of effective halogens (chlorine and
bromine) in the stratosphere can be calculated and are known as the equivalent effective stratospheric
chlorine (EESC).
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The correct answer is: Chlorine
Question 49
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To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through:
Select one:
a. The nucleus
b. The Golgi apparatus
c. A ribosome
d. The plasma membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological
membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is

selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out
of cells. Part of the cellular endomembrane system, the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into
membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. The cell nucleus
is a double membranebound organelle that contains the genetic information of the cell packaged in the
form of chromatin. The nucleus is a characteristic feature of most eukaryotic cells. The ribosome is a
complex molecular machine found within all living cells, which serves as the site of biological protein
synthesis (translation).
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The correct answer is: The plasma membrane
Question 50
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Which of the following base pairs are complementary to each other in a DNA molecule?
Select one:
a. Cytosine and adenine
b. Adenine and thymine

Complementarity is achieved by distinct interactions between nucleobases: adenine, thymine (uracil in

RNA), guanine and cytosine. Adenine and guanine are purines, while thymine, cytosine and uracil are
pyrimidines. Purines are larger than pyrimidines. Both types of molecules complement each other and
can only base pair with the opposing type of nucleobase. In nucleic acid, nucleobases are held together
by hydrogen bonding, which only works efficiently between adenine and thymine and between guanine
and cytosine. The base complement A=T shares two hydrogen bonds, while the base pair GC has three
hydrogen bonds.
c. Adenine and guanine

d. Thymine and cytosine

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The correct answer is: Adenine and thymine