DEEP EXCAVATION

DIAPHRAGM WALL

ITALTHAI TREVI CO.,LTD

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Type of Rigid & Flexible wall

Type of Rigid & Flexible wall for Deep
Excavation work

Sheet pile
Steel Sheet Pile
Concrete Sheet Pile

Pile wall
Tangent Pile
Secant Pile

Diaphragm Wall

Sheet Pile Work (Flexible Wall)

Whats Pile Wall ?

- In-situ casting
concrete Bored Pile
- Continuous
Bored Pile (wall
behavior)
Plan View

Tangent Pile Wall

Pile wall used as permanent
retaining wall by capping
beam at the top

Secant Pile
A. Primary Pile (Female Pile)
The female pile will be constructed as
the primary piles for the secant pile
wall. The primary pile will be filled
with the specified strength of mass
concrete without any steel
reinforcement.
B. Secondary Pile (Male Pile)
The secondary pile will be constructed
in between the primary piles and
overlap with the primary piles with
the specified strength of concrete
after the reinforcement cages are
lowered into the bored hole. The
secondary pile formed by cutting into
the primary piles to form the
interlocking joint by using the
specified coring tools. The boring
process for the secondary pile shall
only commence upon initial set of the
primary piles.

Secant Pile

Diaphragm Wall Work (Rigid Wall)

Comparison of wall (1)

Sheet Pile

Pile Wall

Diaphragm wall

Cost

Low (35% cheaper

than DW)

High (20% cheaper than Highest

DW)

Waterproof

Moderate

Moderate (Good for clay Good

layer)

Construction
condition

Soft soil (not into

stiff clay, sand &
rock)

Every type of soil

Every type of soil

Ground movement

High

Low

Lowest

Construction Time

Longest (withdraw
sheet pile & need to
built retaining wall)

Moderate (permanent
wall but need to built
double wall)

Short (permanent wall

and some built inner
wall)

Comparison of wall (2)

Sheet Pile

Pile Wall

Diaphragm wall

Construction area

Smaller area

Large area

Large area

Depth of
excavation

Shallow (Limited by
area)

Deep (Limited by sand

layer in tangent wall)

Deepest

Lateral load
resistant

Lowest

High

Highest

Vibration& Noise

Highest

High

Moderate

Method and Type of Construction

Open excavation
Bottom-up excavation (Central Embassy)
Top-down excavation (MRT Blue Line Wat Mangkon Station)

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Central Embassy

Central retail
Area 12 rai
144,000 m2
40 Storey
Shopping mall and hotel
Bottom-up construction

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Working Area

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SITE PLAN
Bentonite plant
Gate 1
Office
containers
Meeting room

Concrete plant

Storage area

Polymer plant

Layout Plan
1 Vibration monitoring (Every day)
British Embassy
2 Sound monitoring (Every day)
3 Ground settlement monitoring
4 Total suspended particulate
DW 1.00 m.

Barr. 1.20 m., 65.00 m. depth

SCC

DW 0.80 m.

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Central Embassy
Bored pile
0.80 m., 21.00 m. depth
0.80 m., 56.00 m. depth
1.00 m., 56.00 m. depth
1.35 m., 56.00 m. depth
1.50 m., 65.00 m. depth
1.00 m., 65.00 m. depth (pile leg)

71 No.
89 No.
130 No.
85 No.
53 No.
9 No.
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Central Embassy
Barrette Pile & Diaphragm Wall
1.20 x 3.00 m., 65.00 m. depth
1.00 x 2.70 m., 60.00 m. depth
1.00 x 3.00 m., 60.00 m. depth
DW1.00 m. thickness, 25-30 m. depth
DW0.80 m. thickness, 25-30 m. depth

23 No.
27 No.
15 No.
7,150 m2
4,510 m2

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Soil profile

DW.

-24.00 m.

Clay layer 47 m. thickness

-30.00 m.

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Prevention of Nuisance Pollution

Temporary fence
Inclinometer
Compliance with EIA Requirements

1 Vibration monitoring
2 Sound monitoring
3 Ground settlement monitoring
4 Total suspended particulate
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Environment
index

Parameter

Measurement

Measured by

Frequency

Standard*

Air Quality

Total
Suspended
Particulate
Matter

High volume
air sampler

Project life
time

<= 0.33
mg./m^3

Sound

24 hours A
weighted
Equivalent
Continuous
Sound Level

Sound level
meter

Project life
time

Avg. 24 hrs.
<= 70
dB(A)

Vibration

Vibration

Vibration
meter

Piling work life

time

1. f < 10 Hz
2. v <= 5
mm./sec

* Conform to the EIA report

Noise and Vibration

Measuring station

Noise

Noise

Vibration

Dust

CCTV Positions

Bracing Section
SCC

Sheet Pile

20 m.

24 m.

DW

DW

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Diaphragm Wall

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Diaphragm Wall

Leakage
-20.00 m.

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Water Leakage
Criteria

Water leakage rate > 5 ml./m2/hr. (MRT)

Materials

Polyurethane injection resin

Waterplug
Admixture (if required)

Equipment

Mixture
Manual driven pump
Injection packer

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Water Leakage Repairing

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MRT Blue Line (Wat Mang Kon Station)

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Project Layout

Diaphragm wall 1.20 x 40 m. depth

Barrette Pile 1.20 x 65 m. depth with stanchion
Soil Cement Column for diaphragm wall protection
Existing pile extraction
Top-down construction

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Project Layout
Diaphragm wall 1.20 x 40 m.
Diaphragm wall 0.80 x 25 m.
Barrette pile 1.20 x 65 m.
Barrette pile 0.80 x 40 m.
Barrette pile 0.80 x 45 m.
Stanchion
Soil cement column 0.60 x 10 m.

17,700 m2
1,540 m2
17 No.
1 No.
1 No.
17 No.
197 No.

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Layout Plan

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Diaphragm Wall Panal

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Old space

ITT Request
Space

Working area 7.543

m

Working area 9.543

m

More 0.80 m for

enough working area

Section Plan

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Soil Cement Column

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Soil Cement Column

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Soil Cement Column

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+ 101.40

Stanchion

+ 96.00
+ 90.50
27.30 m.

+ 83.40

+ 74.10

3.325 m.
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Stop End
Total 20 tons

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Stop End
Total 20 tons

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Stop End

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Stop End Installation

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Procedure
Water stop & Stop end installation

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Chisel

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Dummy Hole

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The First Stanchion Fabrication in Dummy Hole

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Verticality Control

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Drilling Monitoring Result

X-X

Diameter

Y-Y

Depth

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Talalog

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Talalog

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Steel Cage with The First Stanchion Installation

Steel Cage 25 ton
Steel Cage with Stanchion 30 ton
Service Crane#1 100 ton

Service Crane#2 70 ton

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Install 2 trimmie pipes with funnels connected with located frame

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Pouring concrete to its final level

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Diaphragm Wall

+90.50

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Diaphragm Wall

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Diaphragm Wall

+83.40

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Diaphragm Wall

+74.10
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Diaphragm Wall

+74.10
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Diaphragm Wall

+101.40
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

2035/55-56

10320 Tel. 0-27160074-6
E-mail trevthai@issp.co.th

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