MECH 260 Solution Guidelines to Final Examination

Question 1
(a) Shear strain in the rubber piece g =

2 mm
= 0.1
20 mm

Shear stress (average) in the rubber piece t = Gg

= 0.5 106 (Pa) 0.1= 0.05 106 Pa
Area of shear A = 50 40 mm2 = 50 40 10-6 m 2
Load P = t A = 0.05 106 50 40 10 -6 N = 100 N

(b) Shear load on the bolt (see free-body diagram)

P
= = 50 N
2

Bottom Part
of Arm

Bolt diameter d = 10 mm=10 10 -3 m

P2
p 2
d
4
50(N)
50
50 4
=
=
106 Pa =
MPa
2
p
p
-3 2
2
2
p

10
(10 10 ) m
10
4
4
2
= MPa = 0.64 MPa
p

Average shear stress on bolt X-section =

Question 2

Question 3
T = 160 Nm

L = 0.5 m

tallow = 82 MPa

G = 80 GPa

(a):

t=

T .a
J

t=

T .a
p 4
a
2

a=

2T
p t allow

a = 1.075x 10-2 m = 10.75 mm

d = 2a = 21.50 mm

7 points

(b):

f=

T.L
GJ

t=

T .L
p
G a4
2

f = 0.05 Rad
f = 3.18

(c):

6 points

t=

T .ao
J hollow

t=

T .ao

&

p
(ao4 - ai4 )
2

Sub for ai and solve for ao : ao =

ai =

ao
2

2T
3

p t allow (1 -

ao = 1.098x 10-2 m = 10.98 mm

1
)
16

do = 2Co = 21.96 mm

6 points

di = do = 10.98 mm

(d):

The conclusion is that the inner core does not carry much load (torque). With a slight
increase in diameter from 21.5 mm to 21. 96 mm (i.e., keeping the size more or less the
same), a core of diameter 10.98 can be removed, with significant savings in material while
providing the same strength.

The weight ratio,

p 2
d
Wsolid
m g ) solid
V r g )solid
A L r g ) solid
Asolid
d2
4
R=
=
=
=
=
=
= 2
Whollow m g )hollow V r g )hollow A L r g )hollow Ahollow p (d 2 - d 2 ) d o - di2
o
i
4
R=

(21.50) 2
(21.96) 2 - (10.98) 2

R = 1.27
The solid shaft is 27% heavier than the hollow shaft.

Question 4
(a) Using a virtual cut, separate a segment of the beam at distance x from the free end.
Px
L

V
x

Equivalent external force (transverse) on the segment =

Px
L

6 points

From force balance, internal shear force at the X-section of virtual cut
Px
V=
L
From moment balance (about the point of virtual cut)
Px x
-M =0
L 2
or

Px 2
M =2L
P

PL
2

PL
2
Note: The maximum internal shear force = P . It occurs at the clamped end.
PL
The maximum internal bending moment (magnitude) =
. It also occurs at the
2
clamped end.
(b) For the box section, the neutral axis is the horizontal axis of symmetry (i.e., centroidal
axis) of the X-section.
1
15
5
2nd moment of area I = [(2a ) 4 - a 4 ] = a 4 = a 4
12
12
4
My
Apply
s =I
-

The maximum bending stress occurs at y = a (i.e., top edge of the X-section)
The bending moment with maximum magnitude occurs at the clamped end, where
PL
M =2
We have
PL a
2 PL
)
=
3
5
2
a4 5 a
4
Note: This occurs at the top edge of the beam X-section at the clamped end.
VQ
(c) Apply t =
It
The maximum moment of area occurs about the neutral axis.
Corresponding sectional thickness t = 2a - a = a
Corresponding moment of area
s max = -(-

a
a a 7a 3
Q = (2a a ) - (a ) =
2
2 4
8
The maximum internal shear force occurs at the clamped end, where
V =P
Hence
P 7a

8 = 7 P
2
5 4
a a 10 a
4
Note: This occurs at the neutral axis level (i.e., horizontal axis of symmetry) of the Xsection at the clamped end.
t max =