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Abstract
This paper studied the effects of boundary bearing
conditions and fluid-solid interaction two factors on the
natural vibration characteristics of a deep hole bulkhead
gate. Calculated with Block Lanczos method in model
analysis of ANSYS, the results show that the influence on
gates natural vibration characteristics is very significant
when the restraints of forward flow direction, transverse
direction or vertical direction changes within a certain range.
Its rule is in accordance with the rule of transverse vibration
of rectangle thin plate. The natural frequencies are closely
related to the restraints of the modal vibration direction, and
have nothing to do with other directions. Therefore, the
corresponding direction of vibration modes can be obtained
by analysing the rule of gates natural frequency changing
with the restraints. In considering the effect of fluid-solid
interaction, water in front of the gate is simulated by added
mass, the result shows that the impact created by upstream
water level changing within a certain range on gates natural
frequency can be neglected, and the restraints have a
relatively small effect.
Keywords
Deep Hole Bulkhead Gate; Natural Vibration Characteristics;
Restraint Condition; Fluid-Solid Interaction
Introduction
Deep-hole bulkhead gate is widely used in the field of
hydraulic engineering but the issues of flow-induced
vibration are often problematic to the engineers.
Strong vibration is likely to occur in some situation
leading to the failure of the structure. Therefore, the
study of the flow-induced vibration of deep-hole
bulkhead gate is necessary. The natural vibration
characteristics of the bulkhead gate are the foundation
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Fundamental Theory
The bulkhead gate is analysed in a three-dimensional
system. In finite element method, the differential
equation of the linear constant coefficient matrix of
gate structure considering fluid-structure interaction is
expressed as:
( M + M a )
x(t ) + (C + Ca ) x (t ) + ( K + K a ) x(t ) =
P(t )
(1)
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( M + M a )
x(t ) + Kx(t ) =
0
(2)
summaries as:
(1) Initialisation, i.e., randomly select n b matrix R0
to let Q0 = 0 , R1 = AR0 and R1 = Q1 B1 ;
(2) Loop i = 1, 2, , m , calculation the recursion using
Eq.(4):
A1
B1
Tm =
n2 ( M + M a ) n = K n
(4)
Ri +1 = AQi Qi Ai Qi 1 BiT1
(3)
B1T
A2
B2
B2T
Bm 1
T
Bm 1
Am
Method of Calculation
Real symmetric matrix is very significant in the
application of engineering and related field, especially
in the field of structural vibration engineering.
Depending on different types of matrix eigenvalue
problem, many methods can be used for calculation
including: deflation method, sub-space iteration
method, Lanczos Method, QL decomposition and
nonsymmetry method. Block Lanczos method was
adapted in this study.
Block Lanczos can be used to obtain the eigenvalue
and eigenvector for large symmetric matrix. The
method is based on blocking Lanczos theory with
combination of Sturm theory by using automatic
shifting technique to obtain the required eigenvalue
and eigenvector. Block Lanczos is a transformation of
the typical Lanczos method which uses multiple
vectors simultaneously to enable Lanczos recursion to
obtain the tridiagonal matrix similar to the original
matrix. The eigenvalue and eigenvector of the
tridiagonal matrix can be solved using QL method.
The eigenvalue is the approximation of the eigenvalue
of the original matrix and the eigenvector can be
transform to obtain the approximate eigenvector of the
original matrix. The extraction of the eigenvalue and
eigenvector for n order real symmetric matrix can be
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(5)
where M = mb ( M n ) .
(4)
Repeatedly
decompose TM
by
QL
method
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(a)S1
(b)S2
(c)S3
(d)SC
mn
is
mn =
2
mn
a2
(6)
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Conclusions
This study used a deep-hole bulkhead gate as research
object to evaluate the effect of boundary support
conditions and fluid-structure interaction on the
characteristics of natural vibration by means of
constraint stiffness variation and added mass using
Block Lanczos modal analysis in ANSYS software.
Results showed that the effect of constraint stiffness is
not negligible on the characteristics of natural
vibration and the variation trend that the frequency of
natural vibration of the gate reduces with the increase
of hydraulic head was established. The conclusions
can be referred by engineering practice in similar
fields. The main conclusions can be drawn:
(1) The variation of forward flow, transverse and
vertical constraint stiffness is substantially effective on
the characteristics of natural vibration in a certain
range. The frequency is stable outside this range. For
the gate in this study, when ES varied between
107~1010(Pa), the variation of frequencies in each order
was large and for EC and EH, the range was 108~1011.
This range is smaller than the elastic modulus of the
gate. Therefore in normal conditions, the frequency of
natural vibration of the gate is relatively stable. At the
same time, the stiffness of supports and moving
components of the gate as well as doweling bars
should be maintained to prevent reduction of the
frequency of vibration resulting in flow-induced
vibration.
(2)The frequency of natural vibration is related closely
to the constraints in the direction of vibration but not
related to constraints in other directions. The general
direction of vibration in the relevant mode can be
obtained by analysing the variation trend of frequency
of natural vibration of the gate. For bulkhead gate, the
characteristics of natural vibration are similar to the
case of the transverse vibration of rectangular thin
plate. The forward flow vibration is controlling and
the transverse vibration is secondary comparably.
(3) When the upstream water level H lied within 20m,
the variation of frequencies of natural vibration was
obvious; when the hydraulic head increased to above
60m, the variation of frequencies of natural vibration
was stable. For deep-hole gates, the added mass
induced by the variation of hydraulic head within a
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plates
coupled
with
fluid.
Applied
tainter
gate.
Shen
Yang,
Northeastern
University, 2005.
Louis Komzsik, eds. Lanczos method: evolution and
application. Zhang W, Liao B, trans. Bei Jing: Tsinghua
University Press, 2011.
Saha K N, Kar R C, Datta P K. Free vibration analysis of
rectangular
Mindlin
plates
with
elastic
restraints
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