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Aim/Objective
1. To study forced convection in Pinned heater and determine the average heat
transfer coefficient associated with it .
2. Calculate the Fin efficiency of Pinned heater.
Motivation
Heat transfer by simultaneous conduction and convection, whether free or forced, forms
the basis of most industrial heaters and related equipment. The measurement and
prediction of heat transfer coefficients for such circumstances is achieved in the Armfield
apparatus by studying the temperature profiles and heat flux in duct with heating surface
(having Pins).
Experiment Setup
Theory
Transverse Pitch ST
Longitudinal pitch SL
Diagonal pitch SD
ST 2
SD= S +
2
S +D
If S D > T
2
ST
V max =
U
ST D a
else,
ST
V max =
U
2 ( SD D ) a
2
L
( )
( )
Range of Re . D
0-500
500-1000
Re . D
Correlation
Pr
1.04 Re . D0.4 Pr 0.36
Pr s
( )
Pr
0.71 R
Pr
( Pr )
0.35
( SS ) . R Pr ( PrPr )
0.031
( SS ) . R Pr ( PrPr )
0.5
0.25
0.36
e. D
1000-2X10
0.25
0.2
0.6
0.25
0.36
e.D
2X105-2X106
0.2
0.8
0.36
e.D
0.25
Note:
Prs evaluated at Average of T3 to T6, while all other properties are evaluated at average of T1
and T2.
= 0.0435m2
Fin Efficiency
tanh mL
( hP )
=
;
mL
k Ac
where,
h - average heat transfer coefficient ;
P- Perimeter of one tube;
k - thermal conductivity of Aluminium ;
Ac- - Cross Section of one tube ;
m=
Procedure
1. Place the Pinned heater into the duct and set the heater power control to 75watts.
2. As the heater temperature attains 80 oC adjust the heater power control 19 watts
until steady reading is obtained.
3. Log all the data through computer software by hitting 'GO' button.
4. Repeat steps by increasing the air velocity to 1m/s, 1.5m/s, 2m/s.
Observation
Table-01: Observation table for Temperature and velocity
Sample Calculation
ST= 28mm, SL=16.5mm,SD= 21.63mm, Diameter of one pin = 12mm
Let us assume air velocity = 2 m/s
at 2 m/s
Density
Viscosity
Specific heat
Conductivity
Pr
V max =
NuD =
Tavg 1-2
34.6 C
1.1474 [kg/m3]
1.8896 X 10-5 [kg/ms]
1006.7
[J/kgK]
0.02668
[w/mK]
0.7130
ST
( ST D )
U a for Ua =2 m/s,
S
0.35 T
SL
0.2
( )
. Re . D0.6 Pr 0.36
Pr
Pr s
R e . D=
0.25
( )
= 46.408
Q=h A s T ln
= 29.49 W
Fin efficiency
h =95.957 W/m2K
C = 2r = 0.0376 m
k of aluminium = 220 W/mK
A = r2 = 0.00011m2
m= 12.21 ; L = 0.068m;
mL = 0.83;
1
=120
mL
.Vmax . D
=5034.4
Air
Velocity
Ua
[m/s]
0.0
0.9
1.6
2.0
Pin
surface
temperatur
e (T3-T1)
28.5
11.2
9.7
8.9
0.5
1.5
2.5
Fig1. Surface temperature of pinned heater decreases with increasing air velocity
Air
Velocity
Ua
[m/s]
0.0
0.9
1.6
2.0
rate of HT,
Q (W)
4.66
25.29
27.36
29.49
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Fig2. Rate of heat transfer at pinned surface increases with increasing air velocity
Air
Velocity
Ua
[m/s]
0.0
0.9
1.6
2.0
Insulatedti
p
efficiency,
(TANH
Ml/mL)
0.99
0.87
0.84
0.82
fin efficiency
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Fig3. Fin efficiency of pinned heater decreases with increasing air velocity
Concepts Learned 1. Forced convection in a Heater with Pinned extended Surface, and calculation of
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient.
2. Fin Efficiency Calculations
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