AD2015 Mod 2 Casing Design Presentation 4students

Module 1: The Well Construction Process Quiz
Hand out Module 1 Quiz

15 minutes to complete
Daily Drilling Report Review: Handout

Each day in class students will briefly (5 minutes) review the Daily Drilling
Report to check on well.
Students will continue to plot the time vs depth chart started earlier.
Students will briefly discuss any changes or concerns.
Advanced Drilling Techniques

Module 2: Casing Design
Lesson 1: Introduction to Casing Learning Part 1

Daily Drilling Report
Tubular Manufacturing
Review Casing Videos (2)
Learning Aid 2.1: API Pipe Specifications Guide
Learning Aid 2.1: Fundamental Units of Conversion
Learning Aid 2.1: Celsius to Fahrenheit
Assignment 2.1: Unit Conversions Add On Metrics

Forces on Casing
Basic Design Criteria Steps
Class Activity and Assignment 2.2: Casing Design

Lesson 3: Casing Performance
Lesson 5: Casing Design
Summary
Calculations Using Excel
Learning
Casing Design Criteria
Steps to Design and Select
Safety Factors
Casings
Assignment 2.3: Read Aadnoy pages
Assignment 2.5: Read Aadnoy
2652
pages 5283
Review Learning Aid 2.1: All
Assignment 2.5: Build an Excel
Conversions
Spreadsheet to Calculate
Review Learning Aid 2.1: API
Casing Design
Lesson 4: Casing Problems
Class Application Activity: Example
Casing Calculations Problems
Assignment 2.4: Casing Calculations
Problems
Lesson 1: Introduction to Casing Learning (Lecture 1)
http://apkfun.co/casing-drilling-technology.html
Lesson 1 Objectives
In this lesson we will:
Describe three methods for manufacturing tubular goods.
Determine casing safety and environmental considerations.
List types, functions and properties of casings.

Using the API Learning Aid 2.1, describe types of steel.
Review Fundamental Units of Conversion Learning Aid 2.1.
Define requirements and select tubulars (casings) from existing
manufactured products.
Describe design constraints, internal and external forces.

Define safety requirements for applying design constraints.
List considerations when designing casing strings.
Manufacturing of Casing
Tubular goods are manufactured by three methods:
Seamless Process: The billet of steel passes through a sequence of
rotary piercing mills, plug mills, reelers, and sizing mills.
Electric-Resistance Welding: Cutting, roll forming into a tube, and welding
the edges together along the length of a flat sheet of steel without the
addition of extraneous metal.
Electric Flash Technique: Cutting a sheet of steel to dimensions, forming
the length to a tube, and flashing and pressing the two edges together to
make a weld.
Manufacturing Seamless Casing
Manufacture of Seamless Casing video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztcEyel47Kg
Casing Programs
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/alaminia/q922de2l06-v1
Example Casing Programs
10
Class Activity: Casing Videos

Instructions:
Review the casing videos
Oil and Gas Well (6.03 minutes)
Actual Casing Drilling (5.32 minutes)

Use quiz on Oil and Gas Well Drilling video as a class activity
11
Oil and Gas Well Casing Video: 6 minutes
Videos\AD2014_2_1_ Oil &

Gas Well Casing_video.mp4
AD2015_2_1_ Oil & Gas Well
Casing_video.mp4
12
Casing Drilling Offshore Video: 5 minutes
13
Class Video Review: Review Oil and Gas Well Drilling Video
Questions and Answers
After watching the video, answer the questions:
1. How many different types of casing can be found?
a. a. 2
b. b. 5
c. c. 4
d. d. 6
e. e. 3
2. The size of the ___ and
___ becomes smaller in diameter as
the crew drills the well deeper.
3. The drilling contractor can begin drilling at the surface and can
drill it to the total depth in the first step.
a. True
b. False
4. What is prevented by conductor casing?
14
Class Video Review Cont.

5. What is the work of surface casing?
6. ______________
seals off troublesome zones.
7. Production casing isolates ________
8. _____________
set the depth of the surface hole.
9. What is often the longest section of well?
10. What is a liner?
15
Types of Casing
The types of casing are as
follows:
Drive Pipe or Structural Pile
(e.g., 36) (Structural, not
considered normally part of
casing)
Conductor: Needed to
circulate the drilling fluid (e.g.,
20) (Structural, not
considered normally part of
casing)
1.Pipe sizes and depths are
for illustration purposes, every
well will be designed with a
slightly different pipe diameter
and setting depth.
Source: http://slovenskiplin.si/pridobivanje-zemeljskegaplina.html
16
Types of Casing (I will add pictures seem removed)

1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Surface: Prevents cave-in of

unconsolidated weaker near-surface
sediments and protects shallow
freshwater sands from contamination
Surface String (13 3/8)
2. Intermediate: Required in deeper
wells that penetrate abnormally
pressured formations, lost-circulation
zones, unstable shale sections, or salt
sections (9 5/8)
3. Oil or Production: The final casing
string set in a well
4. Liners: Casing strings that do not
extend to the surface, but are
suspended from the bottom of the next
larger casing string
http://www.maximuscompletions.com/images/i
mg_liner_hanger_systems.png
17
Classification of Casing
Grade (e.g., N-80, P-110, )
Letter N/P, etc. = impurities + heat treating process. In this example, N means there
are a particular set of impurities and heat treating were performed on the steel to give
the steel a certain set of desired properties.
80 is the resulting tensile strength in units of 1000s of PSIs. 80 = 80000 lbs per square
inch (PSI) of tensile strength.
OD (e.g., 13 3/8, 9-5/8, )

Outside Diameter of the Tube (OD) is classically measured in units of inches.
Type of Thread (Buttress, Vam, )

Buttress
The connection type
Length of Each Joint (e.g., Range 3)

Range 1, 16-25 ft., 18 ft. Minimum length, 6 ft. maximum variation
http://www.bakergauges.com
/images/Thread%20Profiles/
Range 2, 25-34 ft., 28 ft. minimum length, 5 ft. Maximum variation

Range 3, over 34 ft., 36 ft. minimum length, 6 ft. Maximum variation
Nominal Weight (e.g., 47 lbs/ft, 68 lbs/ft, )
VAM
The weight of 1 foot in length of pipe in dry air.
18
http://www.engineerin
gsupplies.co.uk/carbide
-threading-insertvardex-p-9840.html
Functions of Casing
The functions of casing are as

follows:
Prevent caving of the hole
Prevent contamination
(usually fresh water)
Isolates producing
http://petroleumsupport.com/
formations
mechanical-stickingmechanism-of-stuck-pipe/
Pressure control
Confines production to well
bore
Facilitates installation of
sub-surface equipment
(pumps, etc.)
https://sites.google.com/a/students.hpschools.net/hydraulicfracturing/the-solution/disadvantages-and-advantages
19
Learning Aid 2.1: API Pipe Specifications
The properties of casing are as follows:

Outside diameter
Wall thickness (determines inside diameter)
Drift diameter
Grade of material
Type of coupling
Length or range
Nominal weight (includes threads and coupling)
Students: Download AD2015_2_1_API_Pipe

Specifications_learning aid from Sharepoint
See also: http://usstubular.com/resources/library/brochures-andcatalogs/u-s-steel-tubular-products-octg-catalog/
20
API Screenshot of Properties of 4.5 inch Casing
21
API Screenshot of Properties of Grades of Steel
22
Controlling Casings Properties (Rui: any more detail needed? OK)

The properties of the casing are controlled by:
Deforming the steel past its elastic limit (increases strength in
direction stressed, reduces strength in perpendicular directions)
Control of the normalizing, cooling, quenching and tempering of

the steel
Wall thickness of the tube
Type of steel: Relatively mild (0.3% carbon) steel with additions of
manganese and other materials (Molybdenum, Chromium, Nickel,
Copper, Phosphorous, Sulfur, Silicon) in small amounts is used in
tubular goods
23
Types of Steel
Types of steel are as follows:
F-25
H-40
K-55*
N-80
P-110
V-150
*K-55 and J-55 are interchangeable, new designation is K-55

(Note: Based on minimum yield strength. The letter J describes the grade of
material, and the number, e.g. 55" is the minimum yield strength in 1000's
lb./in2)
Use the API Pipe

Specifications
Learning Aid
24
Standardization of Casing
Illustrations help
Internationally, the petroleum industry has adopted the

American Petroleum Institute (API) standards for:
Casing
Tubing
Line pipe
The API standard covers seamless and welded casing and
tubing, couplings, pup joints and connectors in all grades,
process of manufacture, chemical and mechanical property
requirements, methods of test and dimensions.
25
The Grade Code

The grade code (a letter followed by a number) defines strength
characteristics of pipe.
The letter provides a unique designation for each grade
adopted and can be thought to represent the manufacturers
"recipe" for the steel (special chemical additives, normalizing,
and heat treating if any).
The number in thousands of psi is the minimum yield strength
(tensile stress required to produce a total elongation per unit
length of 0.005 on a standard test specimen) of the pipe.
Some special non-API grades were also included in the
analysis; these grades (manufactured by Lone Star Steel and
Mannesmann Tube Co.) have been used in wells that required
extreme tensile strength, special collapse resistance, or high
strength with resistance to hydrogen sulfide.
The tubulars strengths in collapse, burst, and tension are
dependent upon the wellbore conditions (temperature,
pressure, CO2, H2S, O2, pH)
26
GRADE
K55*
S80*
H40*
S80*
H40*
K55*
S80*
K55*
S80*
C75
L80*
N80*
C90
SS95*
S95*
CYS95*
C95*
Length or Range
Range 1, 16-25 ft., 18 ft. Minimum length, 6 ft. maximum variation
Range 2, 25-34 ft., 28 ft. minimum length, 5 ft. Maximum variation
Range 3, over 34 ft., 36 ft. minimum length, 6 ft. Maximum variation
http://www.ecvv.com/product/3823107.html
27
API Casing Connectors
Pictures help (Aadnoy/Miska ?)
API casing connectors are:

Short round threads and couplings (CSG or ST&C)
Long round threads and couplings (LCSG or LT&C)
Buttress threads and couplings (BCSG or BT&C)

Extremeline threads pin and box (XCSG or XP&B)
The OD of the coupling, bit size and drift ID of the
previous casing are compared by the CASING / BIT
SIZE AI module.
Several premium non API connections are available at

considerable cost from manufacturers (Armco, Atlas
Bradford, Hydrill).
28
API Casing Connectors
Pictures help (Aadnoy/Miska ?)
Souce:
infohost.nmt..edu/~petro//1_API_Introduction_Standards.ppt
29
Design of the Casing String

As we get deeper into the design, we need to start looking at the
environment where we are going to place the casing.
30
Forces on Casing: External

ExternalTend to collapse casing
Formation gas or liquids
Hydrostatic head behind pipe
Pump pressure behind pipe
Plastic or creeping formations
http://gekengineering.com/Downloads/Free_Downloads/Casi
ng_Design_Hand_Calculation_Design_Example.pdf
https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/
http://www.connection-mag.com/?p=2361
31
Equivalent Mud Density
32
Collapse
33
Design Constraints: Collapse or External Force

(Crushing)
Wall thickness (greater weights increase wall thickness)

Yield strength (higher grades increase yield strength)
Axial loading (decreases collapse resistance)
Note: Recommended design safety factors
Safety Factor Collapse (SFC) = 1.125
34
Class Activity: Reasons to Run Casing

Onshore - to prevent contamination of fresh water sands
To control pressures during drilling
To provide an acceptable environment for subsurface equipment in producing
wells
To prevent the hole from caving in
To enhance the probability of drilling to total depth (TD)
Question: You need 14 ppg to control a lower zone, but an upper zone will fracture
at 12 lb/gal.
What do you do?
35
Lesson 1 Wrap Up
What is still unclear?
What questions do you have about the topics we have discussed before we
move on?
Homework
Assignment 2.1 Unit Conversions Add on Metrics Worksheet
Review Advanced Drilling Glossary Terms
Review Learning Aid 2.1: Fundamental Units of Conversion
Review Learning Aid 2.1: Celsius to Fahrenheit

Review Learning Aid 2.1: API Guide
36

37

(Lectures 2 & 3)
38
Lesson 2 Objectives

Determine selection of casing setting depths.
Calculate collapse pressure.
Determine forces on casing.
Calculate burst.
Define design constraints.
Determine tension forces on the pipe.
Determine axial tension using different thread types.
List basic design criteria steps.
39
Forces on Casing
How to Determine Casing Setting Depth

External Forces
Collapse Pressure
Sample Collapse Resistant from API Guide Properties of
Casing
Internal Forces
Burst Pressure
How Burst is Calculated
Tension Forces
Connection Forces
Joint Constraints
40
How to Determine Casing Setting Depth
41
External: Collapse Pressure (Miska p. 395)
ri 2 Pi r02 Pe
( Pi Pe ) r02 ri 2
r
2
2
r0 ri
r 2 (r02 ri 2 )
ri Pi r Pe
( Pi Pe ) r ri
t
2
2
2
2
r0 r
r (r0 ri )
2
2
0
2
i
2
0
d n / t 1
Pcr 2 yield
2
d n / t
42
Sample Collapse Resistant from API Guide Properties of Casing
43
Forces on Casing: Internal
InternalTend to burst casing

Producing formation pressure
Hydrostatic head inside pipe
Pump pressure inside pipe
https://encryptedtbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQxO7zmXe
cgINL-L6VoIj5aDMJk9rPEdPnJLY4-_8VAEQKfBpvevA
http://plumbingproblemstoday.blogspot.com/2013/01/pl
umbing-problems-pipe-noise.html
44
Burst
45
How Burst is Calculated
46
Design Constraints: Burst or Internal

Wall thickness
Yield strength
Axial loading (has very little effect on burst
resistance)
Note: recommended design safety factors

Safety Factor Burst (SFB) = 1.000
47
Burst Pressure Formula
F1 = Pbr L dS = Pbr L (d / 2) d
F2 = s t L sin (d / 2) = s t L (d / 2)
(given the fact that for small angles sin )
2 yield t
Pbr 0.875
dn
48
Tension Forces
TensionTend to part casing and reduces
collapse resistance by:
Weight of pipe (including buoyancy)
Dynamic or shock loads
Reduced temperature
Increased internal pressure (expansion)
Hole friction
Float equipment
edited from
http://www.pvisoftware.com/blog/torque-and-drag-nuts-and-bolts/
49
Tension Forces on the Pipe
50
Design Constraints: Tension or Axial Loading

Body strength (wall area x yield in psi)
Coupling-pull-out (load to shear threads)
Gage point (area under last fully engaged thread x yield in psi)
Notch effect (decreased gage point resistance due to bending threads)

Safety Factor Tension (SFT) = 1.500
http://www.soetelaboratory.ugent.be/03_a_threadedcouplings.shtml
51
http://wwwmdp.eng.cam.ac.
uk/web/library/e
nginfo/textbooks
_dvd_only/DAN/t
hreads/mechanic
s/mechanics.html
Axial Tension at Pipe Body and Joint: Round Thread
Axial tension at pipe body

Ften = (/4) yield (dn2 - d2)
Axial tension at round thread connector
Ften = 0.95 Ajp ult, for fracture
Ften = 0.95 Ajp Let (X + Y), for joint pull out
Ajp = (/4) [(dn-0.1425)2 - d2]
X = 0.74 dn-0.59 ult / ( 0.5 Let + 0.14 dn)
Y = yield / (Let + 0.14 dn)
52
Axial Tension at Pipe Body and Joint: Buttress Thread

Axial tension at buttress thread connector
Ften = 0.95 Ap ult [1.008 - 0.0396 (1.083 - yield/ult) dn],
for pipe thread failure
Ften = 0.95 Asc ult, for coupling thread failure
Ap = (/4) (dn2- d2), area of steel in pipe body
Asc = (/4) (dc22 - dc12), area of steel in coupling
53
Axial Tension at Pipe Body and Joint: Extreme Line Connector

Axial tension at extreme-line connector

Ften = ( ult/4) (dn2- d2), for pipe failure
Ften = ( ult/4) (dj22 - db2), for box failure
Ften = ( ult/4) (dpin2 - dj12), for pin failure
54
Applying Design Constraints: Force Distribution
Maximum tension at the top; suspended weights are

additive
Maximum collapsing force at the bottom; hydrostatic
head and pump pressures are additive.
Maximum bursting pressure at the bottom; hydrostatic
head and pump pressures are additive. Assuming the
internal pressure is produced gas, the same bursting will
be throughout the string.
Safety Factor Tension (SFT) = 1.500
Safety Factor Burst (SFB) = 1.000
Safety Factor Collapse (SFC) = 1.125
55
Basic Design Criteria Steps pressure and weight variation
Tension
due to
weight
increasing
upwards
Hydrostatic pressure increasing downwards
56
Basic Design Criteria Steps

1. Determine the grade and weight of pipe needed in the bottom of the
hole based on the collapse resistance with a safety factor. Assume
the maximum collapse pressure will be the hydrostatic pressure of
the hole fluid (usually mud).
2. Determine if the pipe selected will withstand the bursting pressure
with a safety factor. Assume maximum bursting pressure will be the
hydrostatic pressure of the hole fluid (usually mud).
3. Determine the depth to which the next lighter weight pipe could be
used based on effective collapse resistance (including axial loading)
with a safety factor. Assume collapsing pressure will be hydrostatic
pressure of the hole fluid (usually mud).
4. Determine if the next lighter pipe will withstand the bursting pressure
with a safety factor. Assume the bursting is the maximum hydrostatic
pressure of the hole fluid (usually mud) at the bottom of the pipe
section.
57
Basic Design Criteria Steps (Cont.)

5. Determine if the selected coupling (long or short) joint strength or
coupling-pull-out strength at the top of the previous section (bottom
section) will withstand the load at this point with a safety factor.
Assume load will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this point.
6. Determine if the gage point (including notch effect) resistance will
withstand the load at this point with a safety factor. Assume
maximum load will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this point.
7. Determine the depth to which the next lighter weight pipe could be
used based on effective collapse resistance (including axial loading)
with a safety factor. Assume the collapsing pressure will be the
hydrostatic pressure of the hole fluid (usually mud) and the axial load
will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this point.
8. Determine if the next lighter pipe will withstand the bursting pressure
with a safety factor. Assume the bursting pressure will be the
maximum hydrostatic pressure of the hole fluid (usually mud) at the
bottom of the pipe section.
58
Basic Design Criteria Steps (Cont.)

9. Determine if the selected coupling (long or short) joint strength or
coupling-pull-out strength at the top of the previous section
(intermediate section) will withstand the load at this point with a
safety factor. Assume load will be the dead weight of all the pipe
below this point.
10.Determine if the gage point (including notch effect) resistance will
withstand the load at this point with a safety factor. Assume
maximum load will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this
point.
11.Determine if the selected coupling (long or short) joint strength or
coupling-pull-out strength will withstand the load at the top of the
hole. Assume load will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this
point.
12.Determine if the gage point (including notch effect) resistance will
withstand the load at the top of the hole with a safety factor. Assume
load will be the dead weight of all the pipe below this point.
59

Instructions: Please use the API Learning Aid and look up the
information below. Start in class and complete as homework
as needed.
1. Burst Resistance
Students: Find the API burst resistance for a 16-in, H40 casing, with
nominal weigh of 65 lbf/ft and a nominal thickness of 0.375-in.
2. Collapse-Pressure
Students: Find the API collapse-pressure for a 16-in, H40 casing,
with nominal weigh of 65 lbf/ft and a nominal thickness of 0.375-in.
...
60

3. Axial Stress with Bending
Students: Find the maximum axial stress for a 16-in, H40 casing,
with nominal weigh of 65 lbf/ft and a nominal thickness of 0.375-in.
The casing is subject to a 500 000 lbf axial-tension load in a portion
of a directional wellbore having a dogleg severity of 3/100 ft.
Assume a uniform contact between the casing and the borehole wall.
edited from:
http://www.slideshare.net/akincraig/petroleumengineering-drilling-engineering-casing-design
4. Torsion
For most casing strings torsion is neglected.
http://www.tecnerife.com/varios/estructuras_test_teoria_480.html
61
Lesson 2 Wrap Up

What questions do you have about the topics we have
discussed before we move on?
Homework
Assignment 2.2: Casing Design
62

63
Lesson 3: Casing Performance Summary
64
Lesson 3 Objectives
Use the API Learning Aid.
Describe the different effects of different factors on drilling.
Define current safety factors.

Determine selection of casing setting depths.
Explain casing design criteria.
Explain why lost circulation is a worst-case situation.
Explain special design considerations.
Review Unit Conversions Learning Aid 2.1 (F to C; Unit Conversions.)
65
Casing Performance Summary

For this lesson, students will be referencing the API Learning Aid
66
Effect of Combined Stress
67
Effect of Combined Stress Formula
ri2 Pi r02 Pe ( Pi Pe ) r02 ri2

r
2 2 2
2
2
r0 ri
r (r0 ri )
ri2 Pi r02 Pe ( Pi Pe ) r02 ri2

t
2 2 2
2
2
r0 ri
r (r0 ri )
d n / t 1
Pcr 2 yield
2
d n / t
68
Center or picture
http://imagefriend.com/thick-wall-cylinder-formula.shtm
Effect of Axial Tension on Collapse
69
Effect of Bending
The deviation angle from the true vertical and wellbore curvature
causes the axial tension on the string to change.
On the outside of the bend this tension is dramatically increased, on
inside of bend compression is equally increased. In a straight section
with a large vertical deviation angle the tension due to pipe weight is
reduced.
The increased effect is designed for and the reduced effect is
ignored. Increased wellbore friction during pipe movement, both
running and cementing, causes favorable (downward) and
unfavorable (upward) effects.
The upward increased friction is designed for by adding an overpull
force to the free hanging weight of the pipe.
The recent increase in horizontal well drilling has caused major
disagreements among experts on how to calculate the bending
effect, and as a result, this effect is not consikdered.
http://www.tecnerife.com/varios/estructuras_test_teoria_480.html
70
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen embrittlement is caused by hydrogen sulfide gas in the
presence of water.
The hydrogen atom enters the lattice of the steel in high stress areas.
This reduces the ductility and makes the steel brittle so it breaks
instead of yielding.
This corrosion process is accelerated by higher concentrations of
H2S, low temperatures, low pH, high pressure, and the presence of
other reducing agents like CO2, or O2.
The effect is more pronounced in high strength steels with yields
above 90,000 psi or with Rockwell hardness number (RHN) above
22.
Softer more ductile steels, like H 40, J 55, K 55, L-80 which have
maximum yield strengths of 80,000 psi, are selected in corrosive
environments.
71
Safety Factors Summary

Conservativeness begins when severe, anticipated load conditions
are allowed for and increases when the ratings, such as minimum
internal yield pressure and pipe body yield strength, represent the
start of material yielding and not actual material failure.
API collapse ratings appear to be the least conservative of the casing
properties examined because they are based on actual failure data
rather than material yield.
Both burst and tension strength ratings are based on minimum yield
strength and the onset of yielding.
Tension designs are based on a relatively certain minimum
anticipated load. The result of this awkward design approach is a
large tension design factor that is likely to be excessive.
Current safety factors being used by most of the industry are 1.5
(Tension), 1.125 (Collapse) and 1.0 (Burst).
72
History of Safety Factors Table

Author
Date
Collapse
Burst
Tension
Method
API
1939
1.500
1.50
1.50
API rating
1945
1.125
1.50
1.50
revise rating
Hills
1951
1.125
1.50-2.00
1.1-1.75
survey
Saye
1954
1.000
1.33
1.6-2.00
survey
Saye
1954
0.851.00
1.33
1.28
tests
Moody
1955
1.001.125
1.00-1.33
1.6-2.00
survey
Greenip
1978
1.125
1.10
1.80
cited
Bourgoyne
1986
1.10
1.10
1.60
cited
Payne
1989
1.125
1.00
1.50
probabilistic
73
Casing Design Criteria

The first step in casing design is determining the size of the deepest casing
string that will be run if the well is completed.
The method of artificial lift, the flow rate of the various produced or injected
fluids and the number and sizes of tubing strings that will be placed in the
well throughout its life determine the drift ID of the production casing string.
In addition the flow area for efficient cement placement for cased hole
completions should also be checked to determine appropriate relation
between hole size and casing size.
Once the production casing size has been determined the drilling engineer
selects a program of bit sizes, casing sizes, grades, weights, coupling types,
setting depths and mud densities for the safe drilling and completion of the
well.
Combination strings consisting of multiple sections of the same OD with
different steel grade, wall thickness, and connections are the most
economical designs.
The current trend in ultra deep wells is the use of drilling liners and then a
combination production casing running from the bottom back to the surface.
74
Selection of Casing Setting Depths (Methods to Generate Curve

Follow in next slides)
75
Class Activity: How to Calculate Pore Pressure
Seismic Data
Empirical Correlations using Offset Well Data
Example: Depth=12 000 ft, Equivalent Mud Weight=9.6
ppg, Overburden Stress Gradient=1 psi/ft
Calculate:
a) Pore pressure gradient @12000 ft
b) Pore pressure @12000 ft
c) Matrix stress gradient @12000 ft
d) Matrix stress @12000 ft
76
Solution: How to Calculate Pore Pressure
Solution:
a) Pore pressure gradient= 0.052*9.6 = 0.4992 psi/ft
b) Pore pressure @12000 ft = 0.4992 *12000 = 5990 psi
c) Matrix stress gradient
S=P+
= 1 0.4992
= 0.5008 psi/ft
S: overburden stress, psi
: matrix stress, psi
P: Pore pressure, psi
D: Depth, ft
77
Solution: How to Calculate Pore Pressure
Solution cont.:
d) at 12,000 ft = 0.5008 * 12,000 = 6,010 psi
78
How to Calculate Fracture Pressure
Hubbert & Willis Method

1
2
=
1+
3
= 1 +
2
Where,
F: Fracture Gradient, psi/ft
P: Pore pressure, psi
D: Depth, ft
79
How to Calculate Fracture Pressure (Cont.)
Eaton Method
Where,
F: Fracture Gradient, psi/ft
S: Overburden stress, psi
: Poissons Ratio
P: Pore Pressure, psi
D: Depth, ft
80
Example Hubbert and Willis Method: How to Calculate Fracture Pressure
Example:
Depth=11000 ft
Pore Pressure Gradient=0.64 psi/ft
= 0.30
a) Hubbert & Willis Method
1
2
1
=
1+
= 1 + 2 0.64 = 0.76
14.6
3
= 1 +
= 1 + 0.64 = 0.82
15.8
2
81
Example Ben Eaton Method: How to Calculate Fracture Pressure
Example Cont.:
a) Ben Eaton Method
0.30
=
+ = 1 0.64
+ 0.64 =
1 0.30
0.79
= 15.3
82
How to Determine Fracture Pressure: Leak Off Test
Leak Off Test

Run and Cement Casing
Drill out 10 to 20 ft below casing shoe
Close the BOP (pipe ram)
Pump slowly and monitor the pressure
83
How to Calculate Fracture Pressure: Result of Leak Off Test

Pressure vs. Volume
2000
1800
1600
1400
P (psi)
1200
1000
Pressure vs. Voume
800
600
400
200
0
0
6
8
Volume Injected (bbl)
84
10
12
14
How to Calculate Fracture Pressure: Using the Leak Off Test Results
Example:
In a leak off test the casing was set at 4000 ft, leak off
occurred when the stand pipe pressure (SPP) was 1000
psi. (MW=9.6 ppg)
What is the fracture gradient?
What is the maximum MW can be used to drill next hole?
85
Solution: Using the Leak Off Test Results
Example Cont.:
= + = 0.052 9.6 4000 + 1000 = 2997
Fracture Gradient = 2997/4000 = 0.75 psi/ft
Maximum MW = 0.75/0.052 = 14.4 ppg
86
Now we have generated this Picture: Selection of Casing Setting

Depths
87
Casing Requirements
Casing depth requirements are affected by:
Government regulations
Protection of source drinking water zones and existence of lost-circulation
zones
Previously produced low pressure zones (cause of stuck pipe) and plastic
Flowing salt beds
88
Selection of Casing Sizes

The bit size used to drill the production hole must be larger than the OD of
the casing connectors.
The casing string above must have a drift ID larger than the bit used to drill
this lower part of the well.
The casing size and bit size of successively shallower well segments are
selected until the design reaches the surface.
http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/672technology-applications-november-2012/
89
Selection of Weight, Grade, and Coupling

The weight, grade, and
connections of strings are
determined based on the
worst loading conditions
anticipated during the life
of the well.
A combination string (the
least expensive design) is
used rather than a design
containing only one
weight, grade and
coupling. (storage,
running errors, downhole
tool options)
Drilling conditions that
apply to surface,
intermediate and
production casing strings
vary; therefore the design
criteria for each varies.
http://www.drillingformulas.com/basic-understandingof-oil-well-casing-and-tubing/
90
Casing Bit Casing
91
Determining Casing Design Criteria

Burst design criteria are based on an assumed well-control condition while
circulating out a large volume of formation influx (gas or liquid) normally defined
as a kick.
If the kick gets out of control, the formation-fracture pressure below the casing
seat should be exceeded before the burst pressure of the casing or surface
equipment is reached.
An underground blow out is preferred to a surface blow out which would
endanger rig personnel.
The casing seat pressure is designed to equal the fracture pressure of the
formation at the casing seat.
Cement or high density mud on the outside of the casing is not used because of
the possibility of a poor cement job and mud solid settling that occurs with time.
After the string design has been completed, burst parameters are checked to
ensure burst rating is never exceeded.
92
Casing Design Sequence
Tension
due to
weight
increasing
upwards
Hydrostatic pressure increasing downwards
93
Collapse Design Criteria

Collapse design criteria are based on the worst lost-circulation problem or
the worst collapse loading possible when the casing is run.
The design of most surface casing cement operations is to bring cement
returns to the surface. This results in an external pressure due to an entire
column of cement and an internal pressure from a column of displacement
fluid (drilling mud).
Collapse pressure is expressed by:
Pcollapse = 0.052 TVDcsg seat (cmt - mud)
where:
TVD = True Vertical Depth
94
Collapse Pressure
Collapse Pressure
=
Worst Case Scenario: = 0
So, = = 0.052 MW TVD
Is it always a realistic assumption? Why?

Where is maximum? Why?
95
How to Calculate Collapse Pressure

At Surface:
= = 0 0 = 0
At Casing Shoe:
= = 0.052
Where is maximum?
96
Burst
Burst Pressure
=
Two Case:
a) Unlimited Kick
b) Limited Kick (Kick Tolerance)
What are and ?

Which case is more realistic? Why?
Where is maximum? Why?
97
Burst (Cont.) Rui? second formula should add pressure of internal

fluid )
98
Burst (Cont.)
Casing Tensile Strength must be greater than pipe weight which is hung
from.
NOTE: Safety factor MUST also be taken into account!
What is worst scenario for tension calculation?
Where in the casing string, tension is maximum? Why?
99
Collapse, Tension, and Burst

Example:
Calculate burst and collapse pressure at surface and casing setting depth
(CSD) for the following problem.
CSD=8000 ft
dPp/dD=0.55 psi/ft
MW=11 ppg
TD=12000 ft
Pp=8500 psi
Gas Gradient=0.1
psi/ft
100
Collapse, Tension, and Burst (Cont.)

Collapse:
@ Surface:
= = 0 0 = 0
@ CSD:
= = 0.052 = 0.052 11 8,000 = 4,576 psi
101
Collapse, Tension, and Burst (Cont.)

Burst:
@ Surface:
= = ( 0.052 2 ) 0 = 8500 0.1 12000 = 7300
@ CSD:
= = ( 0.052 2 ( )) 0.052 1
= 8500 0.1 (12000 8000) 0.55 8000 = 3700
102
Collapse, Tension, and Burst (Cont.)(See Learning Aid API p. 15)
Tension:
Axial force has a detrimental effect on casing collapse
resistance. So, while doing casing design, that effect
MUST be taken into account.
Example: What would be the effective collapse strength
for a 7 casing, 23 lb/ft, K55, if 2000 ft of 7 casing, 23
lb/ft, N80 is hung from?
Weight of 7 casing, N80= 2000 23 = 46000
103
Collapse, Tension, and Burst (Cont.) (See Learning Aid API p. 31 and 32)
Example contd:
Axial Load Factor (ALF)=
46000
366000
= 0.126
From the table, we have:

Collapse Strength Reduction Factor (CSRF)=0.960
So, new collapse resistance= 0.96 3270 = 3139
Collapse resistance reduced from 3270 to 3139 psi.
104
Lost-Circulation Situation
During a lost-circulation situation, the maximum external

pressure would result from a column of drilling mud in the
annulus (the beneficial effects of mud solid settling will be
ignored) and the internal pressure would result from
empty casing.
The collapse pressure is expressed by:
Pcollapse = 0.052 TVDcsg seat mud
105
Field Practice
Field practice during the running of casing is to fill each joint of casing with
mud as it is made up and run in the hole.
External pressure is slightly greater than internal pressure.
When small drilling rigs run heavy casing strings a practice of "floating in" the
casing is often employed.
Maximum mud level depth allowed in the casing should be calculated so a
collapse failure cannot occur.
106
Lost-Circulation while running casing is the Worst Case

Lost-circulation situation is the worst case:
The reduction of collapse resistance that results when a tube is
placed in axial tension causes a trial and error solution technique.
Establishing the tension load at the exact time maximum collapse
load is applied is not possible.
The axial tension while running casing is calculated from the casing
weight per foot and the buoyancy factor.
Overpull, that may result from pipe sticking while running or
reciprocating the casing string during cementing, is handled by
calculating and then setting an operational maximum overpull
allowed during the running and cementing operation.
Determining the axial stress after the cement has set and the pipe
landed in the casing head is difficult.
The accepted conservative method used is to assume the tension
load during maximum collapse load is due to the dry air weight of the
casing.
107
Tension Design Criteria
Tension design criteria are based on an assumption of

stuck casing near the bottom while the casing is run into
the hole.
A certain amount of overpull in excess of the hanging
weight is necessary to free the pipe.
A maximum pull is then calculated and specified in the
running and cementing procedure.
In directional drilled wells, the deviation plan can be used
to determine the area of the casing string that will be
under additional tension due to bending.
108
Result of Combination String Design

At the bottom of the lowest section,
collapse rules the design.
The top of the lowest section depends on
two things:
The greatest depth at which the next

most economical casing can be used
based on its corrected (reduced by
tension due to the dry hanging weight of
the lower section) collapse pressure
rating,
Simultaneously a check of tension at
the top of this lowest section (so this
section is not pulled apart by some
operation).
The corrected collapse pressure rating
can't be calculated without first computing
the axial tension.
109
Intermediate Casing
The collapse and tension criteria for the intermediate

casing are similar to the surface casing.
The burst design loading condition of the surface casing
would be expensive to meet, in addition to the fact that
the resulting pressure is higher than the working pressure
of the surface BOP stacks and choke manifolds for most
rigs.
Remembering that an underground blowout is preferred
to a surface blowout, the acceptable mud loss from the
casing is limited to the maximum amount less a safety
margin that will cause the working pressure of the surface
equipment to be reached.
110
Intermediate Casing with Liner
The burst design must consider the intermediate casing

and liner as a single string.
The burst load is limited based on the fracture gradient
below the liner.
111
Production Casing
Burst design assumes a BHP (Bottom Hole Pressure)

due to formation pore pressure and a gaseous produced
fluid in the well.
The production casing must not fail if the tubing fails.
The beneficial effect of cement is ignored.
Collapse is based on an empty casing and mud density
on the outside.
A tubing leak near the bottom would remove most of the
completion fluid and essentially leave the casing empty.
Tension load criteria would be the same as on surface
and intermediate strings.
112
Special Design Considerations
ASK)
Changing Internal Pressure

Changing External Pressure
Thermal Effects
Subsidence Effects
Casing LandingThe four common methods for landing casing are:
1. 1. Land casing with the same tension that was present when
cement displacement was completed
2. 2. Land casing in tension at the free point = neutral point (top of
cement)
3. 3. Land casing with the neutral point of axial stress at the free point
()
4. 4. Land casing in compression at the free point
5. 5. In all landing the type of casing hanger design should match
landing conditions.
113
Probabilistic Reliability-Based Design of Casings
Distribution of the thin-walled pressure

vessel burst strength of a 9-in., 47lbm/ft, L80 casing.
114
Lesson 3 Wrap Up
move on?
Homework
Review Learning Aid 2.1: Fundamental Unit Conversions
Review Learning Aid 2.1: API
Assignment 2.3 Read Aadnoy pages 2652
115

116
Lesson 4: Casing Problems
117
Lesson 4 Objectives
Use the API Learning Aid 2.1 to calculate casing problems.
Calculate homework casing problems.
118
Application Activity: Example Casing Problems

Instructions:
Using the API Learning Aid 2.1, Instructor will work through 4 examples in
class and will assign remaining problems as homework. Discuss solutions
in next class.
119
Class Activity: Example 1

Determine the Grade and Weight of 7" casing needed to run in the bottom of
a 7000' hole with a safety factor of 1.125, if the hole is filled with 10.4 lb./gal
mud.
120
Example 1 Solution
Solution:
Based on collapse resistance, the maximum collapsing pressure = Ph =
(.052)(10.4)(7000) = 3786 psi
Design collapsing pressure to include safety factor =

(Ph)(S.F.) = (3786)(1.125) = 4259 psi
From, API JOB MANUAL
7", N-80, 23 lb./ft. collapse resistance = 4300 psi or 7 K55 26 lb/ft 4320 psi
Actual Safety Factor = Collapse resistance = 4300 = 1.136
1.141
Collapse Pressure
121
3786
API Learning Aid 7 inch Casing
122

Calculate the internal yield or burst safety factor for 8 5/8", K-55, 32 lb./ft. casing
when run to 5500' in a hole filled with 9.6 lb./gal mud.
123
Example 2 Solution
Solution:
From API Learning Aid, Internal Yield or Burst Resistance = 3930 psi
Burst pressure = Ph = (.052)(9.6)(5500) = 2746 psi
Burst S.F. = Burst Resistance = 3930 = 1.43
Burst Pressure
2746
124
API Learning Aid 8 inch Casing
125

Based on a safety factor = 2.0 for joint strength or coupling-pull-out, calculate the
maximum depth to which 5 1/2, H-40, K55 14 lb./ft. casing could be run from the
from the surface when using API short couplings. The mud weight is 10 ppg a
TD=9000 is assumed and a K55 15.5 lb/ft is run below the current pipe
126
Example 3 Solution
Solution:
From API Learning Aid, CPO = 139 000 lb. 189 000 lb.
Design load including safety factor = 139 000 = 69 500 lb. 189 000 = 94 500 lb
2.0
2.0
Maximum depth = Design load = 69 500 = 4964
Wt/ft.
14
127
94 500 = 6750
14
Example 3 Solution (Cont.)

Since the 23 14 lb./ft. pipe will be under an axial load, the collapse resistance
will be less than 4300 3 120 psi. The hydrostatic pressure exerted by the mud
will decrease at a shallower depth at a rate greater than the decrease in
collapse resistance due to the increased load, therefore to maintain a safety
factor of 1.125 a depth less than 73503120/(.052*10) = 6 000 must be used.
Assume change pipe at 6800 5 700 (first guess below 6000):
Ph = (.052) (10) (6850 5700) = 3536 2964 psi
Suspended weight = (9000 6800 5700) (26 15.5) = 57 200 51 150 lb.
X= 0.23 =51150/222 000
= 57200 = 8594 psi
6.656
Y = 0.944 --- 0.914

51 150 = 12 696 psi
4
Notes: 4=*(5.5*5.5-5.012*5.012) /4
128

(From API Learning Aid, interpolate between s = 10,000 and 5,000 psi to
determine the effective collapse resistance;
10000 - 5000 = 8594 - 5000 ; x = 4180 - 101 = 4079 psi) 2852 psi = 0.914*3120
4180 - 4040
4180 - x
Safety factor = Collapse resistance = 4079 = 2852
1.154 0.96
Collapse pressure
3536 2964
S.F. of 1.154 0.96 > < Required S.F. of 1.125 indicates a shallower depth to be
used.
Assume change pipe at '7000: 4800
(note: further reduction in ca. 15 % hydrostatic
pressure)
Ph = (.052) (10) (7000 4800) = 3640 2496 psi

Suspended weight = (9000 - 7000 4800) (15.5) = 52,000 165 100 lb.
= 52000 = 7813 psi

6.656
65100 = 16 275 psi

4
Note: X = 0.293 =65100/222 000
129

From API Learning Aid, interpolate between = 10,000 and 5,000 psi to
determine the effective collapse resistance;
10000 - 5000 = 7813 - 5000 ; x = 4180 - 79 = 4101 psi
4180 - 4040
4180 where X = 0.293 =27300/222 000 Y = 0.96 0.883
S.F. = 4101 = 2755= 1.127 = 1.125 1.104

Y*CP = 2 755 = 0.883*3120
3640
2496
(not quite 1.125 but close: one more iteration with 4650 yields SF = 1.133)
(Note: Interpolation of the safety factors at 6800' and 7000' would give a depth
of 7015' at which the safety factor be 1.125.)
The effective collapse resistance in the above Example # 3 was determined by
interpolation from the Tables of National Tube Division of United States Steel
Corporation. Other Tables methods are commonly used which yield the
effective collapse resistance with acceptable accuracy.
130

Referring to the last step in Example # 3, the suspended weight was 52,000 lb.
and the unit tensile stress was 7813 psi. Interpolation using the National Tube
Table gives the effective collapse resistance = 4101 psi. Determine the
effective collapse resistance using the Axial Stress Ellipse.
131
Example 4 Solution
Solution:
Suspended weight = 52,000 lb.; = 7813 psi
% of yield stress =
= 7813 = 9.77%
Yield
80000
From Ellipse, % of nominal collapse resistance at = 0; 95.5%
Effective collapse resistance = (.955) (4300) = 4107 psi
132
1
Rui: What do you want to do with this assignment? Good homeworks started in class and revised accordingly
Assignment 2.4: Casing Calculations
Professor will assign students one of six

homework examples; each student randomly
assigned
133
Homework Assignment 2.4: Casing Calculations

1. Determine the effective collapse pressure for 5 ", K-55, 14 lb./ft. casing
when suspending 28,975 lb. Load.

2. Determine the effective collapse resistance for the above using the Effect of
Tension on Casing Collapse chart.

3. Design a combination string for the following:
5 " API casing

Setting depth = 6500'
Hole fluid = 11.5 lb./gal mud
Safety Factors: Collapse = 1.125
Burst = 1.0
Coupling -pull-out = 1.80
Gage Point = 1.40

Assume 10% reduction for gage point notch effect
134
Assignment 2.4: Casing Calculations Cont.

4. Based on a safety factor = 1.5 for the gage point, calculate the maximum
depth to which the casing in Example #3 could be run from the surface
when using a 10% reduction due to the notch effect.
5. Determine the effective collapse pressure for 5 1/2", J-55, 14 lb./ft. casing
when suspending 28,975 lb. Load.

6. It has been determined that 7", N-80, 26 lb./ft. casing can be run to 9000' in
a hole filled with 10 lb./gal mud and be within a safety factor of 1.125 which
is required. Based on the collapse resistance, calculate the depth at which
the string could be changed to the next lighter weight pipe.
135
Lesson 4 Wrap Up
move on?
Homework
Assignment 2.4 Casing Calculations Problems 16 (Students will be
randomly assigned one of the six problems)
136

137
Lesson 5: Casing Design Calculations Using

Excel Learning
Rui: Do you want to try to get students to

practice Excel? Yess .
138
Lesson 5 Objectives

Describe steps to design and select casings.
Build an excel program to design and select casings.
Calculate a sample casing design.
139
Class Activity: Excel Worksheet Practice to Prepare for Activity
Students will open excel during this lesson

Instructor will show an example.
140
Sample Casing Design Steps: Step 1

Step 1: Calculate collapse rating needed at TD
Col = 0.052 SFc L
5200 psi = 0.052 * 10.0 * 1.125 * 10000
141

Step 2: Search table to find pipe candidates to be used
Note: STC pipe was not picked because this is a production string; C-75
pipe was not picked because it is more expensive (designed for
corrosive service) than the stronger in collapse N-80.
142

Step 3: The 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., N-80, LTC will be used on the bottom
Note: The collapse rating of this pipe was not reduced because at the
bottom it is not in tension.
143

Step 4: Iteration 1
Find the top of the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., N-80, LTC by finding the deepest place that the 5.5
inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC can be run.
Depth = col / (0.052 Sfc r)
8393 ft. = 4910 / (0.052 * 1.125 * 10.0)
A: Length of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., N-80, LTC taper is:

1607 ft. = 10000 - 8393
B: Weight hanging below bottom of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is:
27319 lb. = 1607*17
C: Axial load factor of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is:
ALF = Tension Load / BodyT
0.100 = 27319 / 273000
D: Collapse strength reduction factor CSRF is:

CSRF = 0.969 @ ALF = 0.100 from Figure 7
144
Sample Casing Design Steps: Step 4 (Cont.)

Step 4: Iteration 2
New depth = depth * CSRF
8133 ft. = 8393 * 0.969

1867 ft. = 10000 - 8133
31739 lb. = 1867 * 17
0.116 = 31739 / 273000
D: Collapse strength reduction factor is:
145

Step 4: Iteration 3
8091 ft. = 8393 * 0.964
1909 ft. = 10000 - 8091
32453 lb. = 1909 * 17
0.119 = 32453 / 273000

146

Step 4: Iteration 4
8091 ft. = 8393 * 0.964
1909 ft. = 10000 - 8091
32453 lb. = 1909 * 17
0.119 = 32453 / 273000

147

Step 4: Iteration 5
8087 ft. = 8393 * 0.9635, which is closest enough to previous new depth,
Therefore based on collapse consideration the top of the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft.,
N-80,
LTC and the bottom of the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is 8087 ft.
148

Step 5: Check top of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., N-80, LTC against safety factor tension
Tension load = weight hanging below bottom of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55
LTC from STEP 4, Iteration 5, B: 32521 lb.
Tension Ratio = weakest of JtT or BodyT / Tension load
10.701 = 348000 / 32521 , which is larger than 1.800, therefore top is ok.
149

Step 6: Repeat STEP 4 except find the top of the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft.,
K-55, LTC by finding the deepest place that the 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC
can be run.
Several iterations result in the top of the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC being at
a depth of 6230
150

Step 7: Check top of 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC against safety factor tension
Tension load = weight hanging below bottom of 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55
LTC from STEP 6, ITERATION 5, B= 64090 lb.
Tension Ratio = weakest of JtT or BodyT / Tension load
4.244 = 272000 / 64090 , which is larger than 1.800, therefore top is ok.
151

Step 8: Length of 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is based on tension
Maximum weight hanging below top of 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is
Wtmax = weakest of JtT or BodyT / SFtension
132778 lb. = 239000 / 1.800
Weight of 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is
WQt = wtmax - wt of all pipe below 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC
68688 lb. = 132778 - (1913 * 17 + 1856 * 17)

Length of 5.5 inch, 15.5 lb./ft., K-55, LTC is
L = wt / NomWt
4432 ft. = 68688 / 15.5
152

Step 9: Repeat STEP 8 using the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., K-55, LTC results is a
length of 1078 ft.
153

Step 10: Repeat STEP 8 using the 5.5 inch, 17 lb./ft., N-80, LTC results is a
length of 2684 ft., however a length of only 720 ft. is needed to reach the
surface.
154

Step 11: The results, as shown by CHES's output on the next page, yields a
cost of $ 92,624 for the production string.
155
Class Assignment 2.5: Build an Excel Spreadsheet to Calculate

Casing Design (May be Homework)
Instructions:
Students will use API Learning Aid to build an excel spreadsheet to
calculate casing design.
Start the process in class and assign as homework as needed.
Students will prepare to share results in the class.
Use sample casing design calculation below.
Given:
Casing performance properties from API Learning Aid
= 10.0 lbm/gal
A non-corrosive environment safety factors:
Tension = 1.800, collapse = 1.125, burst = 1.000
Maximum burst pressure needed = 3000 psi.
Design a 5.5 inch OD production casing string to be set at 10 000 ft.
156
Lesson 5 Wrap Up
What questions do you have about Casing Design?
Homework
Assignment 2.5: Read Aadnoy pages 5285
Read Module 3 Lesson 1, view videos and complete questionnaire
Assignment 2.5: Build an Excel Spreadsheet to Calculate Casing Design
158
Credits
Developer
Lloyd R. Heinze, Ph.D., Petroleum Engineering/Texas Tech University
Contributors:
Rui V. Sitoe, Ph.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, UEM
Anadarko: Darrell Hebert, Michael Arispe, David Bump, Scott
Chesebro, Reba Stevens, Steve Bosworth
Victoria Johnson, Instructional Designer
Sponsor:
159

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Module 1: The Well Construction Process Quiz

Hand out Module 1 Quiz

Daily Drilling Report Review: Handout

Advanced Drilling Techniques

Module 2: Casing Design

Lesson 1: Introduction to Casing Learning Part 1

Lesson 2: Introduction to Casing Learning Part 2

Module 2: Casing Design

Lesson 1: Introduction to Casing Learning (Lecture 1)

List types, functions and properties of casings.

Describe design constraints, internal and external forces.

Manufacturing Seamless Casing

Manufacture of Seamless Casing video:

Class Activity: Casing Videos

Actual Casing Drilling (5.32 minutes)

Oil and Gas Well Casing Video: 6 minutes

Videos\AD2014_2_1_ Oil &

Casing Drilling Offshore Video: 5 minutes

Class Video Review Cont.

seals off troublesome zones.

7. Production casing isolates ________

set the depth of the surface hole.

9. What is often the longest section of well?

10. What is a liner?

Types of Casing (I will add pictures seem removed)

1. Surface: Prevents cave-in of

OD (e.g., 13 3/8, 9-5/8, )

Type of Thread (Buttress, Vam, )

The connection type

Length of Each Joint (e.g., Range 3)

Range 2, 25-34 ft., 28 ft. minimum length, 5 ft. Maximum variation

Nominal Weight (e.g., 47 lbs/ft, 68 lbs/ft, )

The weight of 1 foot in length of pipe in dry air.

The functions of casing are as

Learning Aid 2.1: API Pipe Specifications

The properties of casing are as follows:

Students: Download AD2015_2_1_API_Pipe

API Screenshot of Properties of 4.5 inch Casing

API Screenshot of Properties of Grades of Steel

Controlling Casings Properties (Rui: any more detail needed? OK)

Control of the normalizing, cooling, quenching and tempering of

*K-55 and J-55 are interchangeable, new designation is K-55

Use the API Pipe

Internationally, the petroleum industry has adopted the

The Grade Code

API Casing Connectors

Pictures help (Aadnoy/Miska ?)

API casing connectors are:

Buttress threads and couplings (BCSG or BT&C)

Several premium non API connections are available at

API Casing Connectors

Pictures help (Aadnoy/Miska ?)

Design of the Casing String

Forces on Casing: External

Equivalent Mud Density

Design Constraints: Collapse or External Force

Wall thickness (greater weights increase wall thickness)

Note: Recommended design safety factors

Safety Factor Collapse (SFC) = 1.125

Class Activity: Reasons to Run Casing

Review Learning Aid 2.1: Celsius to Fahrenheit

Daily Drilling Report Review: Handout