Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
M.Tech Scholar, Centre for Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
Assistant Professor, Centre for Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
Abstract
Wireless networks have become an epitome of revolution in the communication industry as these have enabled the devices to
communicate and access information independent of their location. These networks can be classified into two categories:
Infrastructure based and Infrastructure less. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) fall under infrastructureless category in which nodes
are able to move thereby making the topology of the network highly dynamic. Due to the dynamically changing topology, efficient
routing mechanisms needed to be developed, which led to the foundations of various mobile ad hoc routing protocols. There are a
number of mobile ad hoc routing protocols proposed to serve different purposes like security and transmission efficiency. These
protocols are divided into two categories: Table based and Demand based. Through this work, table based traditional routing
protocol DSDV and demand based routing protocol AODV have been assessed through simulation using Manhattan Grid mobility
model. Comprehensive analysis was carried out to analyze which protocol performs better in the assumed scenarios. The performance
metrics evaluated for the two protocols are Throughput, Average End to End delay, Routing Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio.
Infrastructure based
Wireless Networks
Infrastructure less
Wireless Networks
Fixed Infrastructureless
Wireless Networks
Mobile
Infrastructureless
Wireless Networks
(Mobile Ad Hoc
Fig.1: Classification of Wireless Networks
Networks)
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Explanation
Multi-hop routing
There packet sent by a source node to its destination may travel through a
number of nodes on its journey towards the destined node.
The network is dynamic. The nodes can move away from one location to
another thereby making the topology dynamically changing.
Heterogenous devices
Scalability
Self creation,
administration
self
organization,
self
The nodes can move away and join some other network at any time. The
addition of new nodes into the network is also possible at any time.
The network can be created at any time by the nodes themselves and is
organized and administered by the nodes only.
Every technology has some loopholes that are open for research. MANETs also have some complexities associated with them which
have been listed in Table 2.
Explanation
Bandwidth constraints
Security
The MANETs came into picture to serve the areas (listed in Table 3) in which their applicability has come as a boon.
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Education
Virtual classrooms, online tutorials & lectures, worldwide conferences and meetings
Commercial
and
Civilian Situations
Ecommerce, business applications, vehicular services, airports, shopping centers, sports stadiums
Entertainment
Sensor Networks
Smart homes, data tracking of animal movements, chemical and biological monitoring.
Table Based
Routing
Protocols
DSD
V
Mobile Ad
Hoc
Routing
Protocols
AODV
Demand
Based
Routing
Protocols
DSR
TORA
ABR SSR
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3.
AODV
AND
DSDV
MANET
ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
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Routing
Approach
Update
Route
Creation
Looping
DSDV
AODV
Sequence Number
UPDATE packet
Equal
to
Sequence
number in routing table
UPDATE Ignored
UPDATE performed
in
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4. SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
Simulation is an art which is widely used in the field of
engineering sciences research. In this study, NS2.35
simulation package was used to carry out the required
simulations to evaluate the performance of DSDV and AODV
MANET Routing protocols. The study was performed on Intel
Core i7 computer system using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating
System.The results were then analyzed graphically and the
comparison of the performance of the two protocols was
drawn. The Simulation parameters used to carry out the study
have been listed in Table 5.
Table 5: Simulations Parameters
Propagation Model
MAC
Interface Queue (IFQ)
Type
Antenna
Routing Protocols
Simulation Time
150 ms
Traffic Type
FTP
Mobility Model
Network Size
Performance Metrics
PriQueue
Omni-Antenna
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5.4 Throughput
The rate at which data can be transmitted successfully across a
network is termed as throughput. Throughput was more in
case of AODV as compared to DSDV. Following formula was
used to calculate throughput in Kbps [23].
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[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
CONCLUSIONS
The use of MANETs has grown over the years because of an
attractive number of benefits it offers to the end users. The
performance evaluation of mobile ad hoc routing protocols is
an interesting area of research and is open to researchers all
over the world. This study focussed on the comprehensive
performance evaluation of MANET Routing protocols AODV
and DSDV under growing network size and using Manhattan
grid mobility model. It was concluded that AODV
outperforms DSDV in terms of all the chosen performance
metrics- Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to End delay,
Throughput and Routing Overhead. The obtained results
signify that performance of AODV was consistent under
varying number of nodes, whereas the performance of DSDV
degraded as the network size increased. The reason behind
poor performance of DSDV was the extra overhead required
to maintain the routing tables and frequent updates.
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