Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Application to Turbomachinery :
Turbines extract energy from a fluid stream. The assembly of blades attached to the
turbine shaft is called the rotor, wheel, or runner. The two most general classification of turbines are impulse and reaction turbines.
Impulse turbines are driven by one or more high-speed free jets. Each jet is accelerated in a nozzle external to the turbine wheel. If friction and gravity are neglected ,
neither the fluid pressure nor its speed relative to the runner change as it passes
over the turbine vanes. Thus for an impulse turbine the fluid expansion from high to
low pressure takes place in nozzles external to the blades , and the runner does not
flow full of fluid .
In reaction turbines , part of the fluid expansion takes place externally and part
within the moving blades. The external acceleration takes place and the flow is
turned to enter the runner in the proper direction as it passes through nozzles or
stationary blades called guide vanes . Because additional fluid acceleration relative
to the rotor occurs within the moving blades , both the relative velocity and pressure
of the stream change across the runner. The combination of a stationary blade row
and a moving blade row is called a stage . Reaction turbines may be designed to
flow full of fluid : as a consequence, reaction turbines can produce more power for a
given impulse turbines.
For an impulse turbine , there is no acceleration of the flow relative to the blade ;
the outlet and inlet velocity magnitudes are equal. For a reaction turbine or pump ,
the velocity relative to the blade in general changes in magnitude.