Hoarding

Hoarding is a part of the temporary facility installed on a construction site. Its

primary function is the enclosure of the construction area to serve as a form of
protection to passers by. This enclosure has other purposes and is developed
accordingly.

Purpose of Hoarding
Public Protection
The local authority has the responsibility for the protection of the public against
injury during any construction work. As such, there are laws requiring the
installation of hoarding, particularly where pedestrian traffic is common. Hoarding
should provide protection from the vertical side and overhead as well as permit or
provide adequate lighting and ventilation if required.
Security
The construction site must be secured, especially during evenings, on weekends
and public holidays.
Material Protection
Hoarding is an ideal way of ensuring some degree of protection against theft and
vandalism of materials and installations.
Control
The control of the movement of workers and avoidance of unwanted interruptions
and distractions assist in increasing productivity. All activities should be carried out
with minimum inconvenience. The movement of supply vehicles and receipt of
goods should be planned and controlled at all times.
To keep out stray animals
It is important that stray animals be kept off of the construction site since they can
cause disruptions to the building works as well as harm to the workers

Temporary Shelters
These are required on a building site for the housing of personnel, services,
processes and materials for the expediting and control of building works, and to
cater for illness and accidents among workers. Consideration should be given to the
following:
Statutory Requirements
The construction site is under the control of the factory inspectorate and as such
should carry provisions for amenities to workers. Amenities usually include a change
room, a lunch room and sanitary facilities.
Activity Areas
Offices: Normally for large projects site offices and briefing rooms are provided to
assist in the daily administration of the project.
Workshops: Carpenters, steel benders and some other tradesmen require
workshop facilities to assist in their work. Workshops should be so located as to
ensure good control and effective handling of materials.
Storage
Warehousing: Warehouses are normally required for storage of delicate
components and fittings. Items normally stored in a warehouse include doors,
windows, ceramic receptacles, light fittings, electrical and plumbing appliances etc.
Tools and Equipment Stores: Tradesmen are usually required to carry and secure
their own tools. The main contractor, for special processes may find it necessary to
carry a supply of special tools and equipment which would be available to workmen.
The store may also carry other items that can only be had on special issue. Some of
these items are paints, locks and small tools. Such stores are controlled by a
storekeeper or a timekeeper.
Material Stores: Material stores may be provided to protect materials from theft
or damage. The material stores are usually close to the appropriate workshop or
activity area. Such stores would carry materials such as reinforcing steel, rough
lumber and cement. Special provisions must be made to ensure that materials are
not spoiled or damaged during storage and handling. In addition, brittle materials
such as tiles require provisions.

Temporary Services
Temporary services relate to the provision of utilities for the purpose of facilitating
construction activities as well as providing conveniences for workers. The supplies
normally include gas, water, compressed air, electricity and telephone.

Reasons for Temporary Services

Conveniences
These include conveniences for personnel and work process.
Personnel: Provision under the factories act allows for provision of certain
conveniences for workers. Temporary services assist in the provision of drinking
water, adequate lighting and toilet facilities. Drinking water and toilet facilities
should be positioned for quick access thus reducing idle time.
Work processes: Utilities supplied to the site can be used to drive (power) plant
and equipment or provide ingredients for preparing certain materials.
Examples of supplies used for driving plant and equipment are:
A. Air- Pneumatic tools and equipment
B. Oil and Gas- Turbine and hydraulic tools and equipment
C. Electricity- electric tools and equipment

Heat, water and air are used in the following processes:

1. Heat- asphaltic processes
2. Water- making concrete
3. Air- Spray painting, excavating, compacting
Communication
Communication includes physical and verbal contact between the agencies and
processes during the life of the project. Factors to be considered in communication
are temporary roads for access to the site and storage areas, as well as possible

telephone or two way radio contacts for placing orders and dealing with routing
administration and contingencies which are important.

Methods Used For Checking The Squareness Of A

site
Setting out Angles
Right angles can be set out using any one of the following methods:
1. Using a builders Square
2. Using Pythagorass 3:4:5 rule
3. Using Site square

Outline Of A Building Site (Profile Boards)

A building profile is used to transfer the plan outline of a building onto the ground.
Profile boards are held securely in place, and are made level and parallel to the
floor.
Profile boards are boards used to create the building profile. Lines are stretched
between saw-cuts or marks, so that set out points can be fixed