Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
structural
engineering,
biomechanics,
nanotechnology,
transportation
Special Programme
Specially designed for industry/organisation
Full-time or part-time
Offshore Programme
Part-time prog. for part-time student
Lecture at UTM campus & selected learning centres
Lecture during weekends (or evenings)
PhD- Industry
Prog. carried out cooperatively between UTM & industry
Student must be the staff of the organisation
Research work is based on the problems in the company
Apart from that, students are encouraged to further their studies as there are
scholarships for them as well and hence, equipped themselves with deeper knowledge
as well as skills needed for future job. Postgraduate courses will very often help you
find a job and get on in the workplace because of the additional skills they provide
you with. Sometimes, however, on-the-job training is more favourable for employers
who can then take on undergraduates and prepare them for a specific role. If you have
a specific career in mind, speak to employers to find out which course, if any, would
help you get a job.
In the case of urban infrastructure, the general layout of roads, sidewalks and public
places may sometimes be designed by or architects, although the detailed design will still
be performed by civil engineers. Example for infrastructure work is including earthwork,
road and drainage, sewerage and water reticulation.
Failure of structure
Structural failure refers to loss of the load-carrying capacity of a component or member
within a structure or of the structure itself. Structural failure is initiated when the material
is stressed to its strength limit, thus causing fracture or excessive deformations. In a welldesigned system, a localized failure should not cause immediate or even progressive
collapse of the entire structure.
Example Development of Construction
Technical Division
In order to implement the learned society function of the Institution more effectively, the
following Technical Divisions have been established within the structure of the Institution:
Division/Section Committee and is responsible for conducting its affairs within general
policies laid down by the Council. Divisions/Sections are serviced through the National
Headquarters of the Institution. The Engineering Professional plays a paramount role in a
developing country such as ours. The work of engineers shapes the physical environment of
society, and has a profound effect on the economic growth and development of the nation.
Therefore, the first step students should do upon their graduation is to register as
Graduate Engineers with BEM and they will automatically become Graduate Member of
IEM. Undergo a period of training experience for minimum 3 years, graduate engineers
should supervised by Professional Engineer in the same discipline (Mentor) as well as keep
systematic record of training for instance log books, technical documents, drawings, etc.
They also should attend mandatory BEM courses, Professional Development Programs.
Lastly, a route to become a Professional Engineer, members should pass a Professional
Interview (Oral & Essay Written) and Competency Examination as well.
Manufacturing
Mining and Quarrying
Construction
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Utilities
o Electricity;
o Gas;
o Water; and
o Sanitary Services
Transport, Storage and Communication
Wholesale and Retail Trades
Hotels and Restaurants
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
Public Services and Statutory Authorities
The system is the composite of people, machines, methods, and materials that are used to
perform a specific task in a specified environment. All components are interrelated so a
failure of any part can cause a failure of the system or accident. Accidents occur because of
the interaction between these system components. Accident involve any unplanned event that
results in personal injury or in property damage whereas work-relatedness is presumed for
injuries and illnesses (accidents) resulting from events or exposures occurring in the work
environment.
System of Work
There are several types of outcomes due to unplanned event. The outcomes evolved
are as follows:
OSH Act 1994 places broad general duties upon five classes of persons, which are
employers, self-employed, employees, occupiers of a place of work to persons other than his
employees as well as manufacturers and suppliers of industrial products. The objectives of
this act are:
10
data and analysis on VO, EOT, delay in order to gain the perfect ideas of combinations of
those criteria. No cost over run and zero casualty. In managing the project also, we need not
freely to terminate the contractor. Otherwise the delay of the project work progress will delay
and cause problems to occur in the future. Collection of OSHE non-compliance RM700 k and
surcharge applied to consultants for errors resulted in VO, EOT besides intervention, KPI,
unconventional monitoring mechanisms. He also indicated that one of the successful project
resulted because of on-time payment to contractors.
In addition, Dr Wahid also told about the effects of failure in managing the projects
properly. Some of the cases that happened such as six contractors were blacklisted by
Education Ministry according to The Star in year 2010, while in year 2009 on NST three
injured in roof collapse and because of that cases government automatically tighten the rules
for contracts. He also shares about the UTM Project management structure in Development
Projects started from MOHE until at the stage of handover to contractor. In his talk, he told
how the tender board works in selecting the contractors, consultants and VO, change in
specifications (committee).
According to Dr Wahid, he tried to deliver on how to do the preparation or about the
planning stage in order to budget the approval of construction project management. For
instances what and how the UTM, MOHE, EPU and MOF play their role. The scope of work
needs to be fix and sharp apart of budgeting. Try to allocate perfectly in engaging users and
stakeholders. In addition, he also talked about the variation of works. In that case, he
highlighted the causes of for variation order based on the requirements from users, site
problems, requirements from authorities, inadequate site services, communications, and
lastly regarding to consultants with the presence of percentage for each part.
Apart from that, we can observe various weaknesses of consultants. For example in
planning about the technical competency, communications and coordination resulting in
delay, incomplete or missing items, over-estimate, and additional scopes. While in design,
drawing and tender documents related to the coordination, communication, missing items,
incomplete BQ, and delay resulting in VO (and EOT). Then, procurement or tender
indicated about the delay in tender reports.
11
The speaker who talked about this topic is Mr Isa HJ Abu Bakar. In his talk, he
informed that water supply system is very important for us to know. It is because water
supply system is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations,
community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes and
irrigation is covered separately. He said drinking water quality has a micro-biological and a
physic-chemical dimension. There are thousands of parameters of water quality. In public
water supply systems water should, at a minimum, be disinfected which is the most
commonly through the use of chlorination or the use of ultra violet UV light or it may need to
undergo treatment, especially in the case of surface water.
At the beginning of the water supply system, he indicated that the first stage of the
process is where the water supply started which is from the main source called raw water. He
then continued explain a bit about the raw water, he said that raw water is natural water
found in the environment, such as rainwater, ground water, and water from bodies
like lakes and rivers. Water in this form is considered raw, as opposed to water which has
been treated before consumption, such as drinking water or water which has been used in an
industrial process, such as waste water. He also talks about the catchment area regarding to
this case. He said catchment area is the area and population from which a facility or region
attracts visitors or customers. In other words, it can be called as drainage basin, which is an
extent of land where water from precipitation drains into a body of water.
Then the next stage is he went for treatment process. In treatment process according
to him, he described those industrial-scale processes used to make water more acceptable for
a desired end-use. These can include use for drinking water, industry, medical and many
others. Such processes may be contrasted with small-scale water sterilization practiced by
campers and other people in wilderness areas. The goal of all water treatment process is to
remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration in the water. One such
use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse
ecological impact. The processes involved in treating water for drinking purpose may be
solids separation using physical processes such as settling, filtration, and chemical processes
such as disinfection and coagulation. He also explains about the components within an intake
structure such as pump sump and screen, about the gantry crane, and penstocks.
12
He also shared about the instrumentation where it shows the steps of the process
management by using instrumental panel which include raw water, treated water, wash water
indicators, and recorders. Then he continued his talk by explaining about the aerator
structure, how the aerator works once the process of intake water is finish and so do the
mixing tank which indicates how chemical dosing such as lime and alum is used right after
the aeration process. He then continue generally explain about the next stage which are the
flocculation (about the flocculation tank and baffles) and sedimentation process (about the
sedimentation tank, clarifiers and tube settlers). The process continues with filtration. He
informed that how the rapid gravity filter works on and so do the filter bed below the filter
gallery. The components of the filters are air blower pipe, filter inlet, underdrain pipe system
below filter bed (including wash water system), and filter media which is sand. Apart from
that, he also highlighted about the technical equipments that being used such as air blowers
and back wash pumps. While in filter gallery, there is a presence of penstocks which is used
to control filtered water and wash water pipe system.
Other than that, based on Mr Isa talk, there are several equipment used in chlorination
process such as chlorinator, chlorine cylinder, chlorine drums, change-over control panel and
other equipments that related to this process. Besides that, he shared about the pumping
system operation. A pump is a device that moves water by mechanical action. Pumps can be
classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the water such
as direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. He also talked about the water storage
reservoir. in general, reservoir is used to store water. Reservoirs can be used in a number of
ways to control how water flows through downstream waterways. Apart from that, reservoirs
also can be used to balance the flow in highly managed systems, taking in water during high
flows and releasing it again during low flows. In order for this to work without pumping
requires careful control of water levels using adjustable sluices.
13
Thats a little bit introductions by Prof Dr Kenzo for this topic. Hes an excellent engineers to
me.In his lecture on this topic he always talk about himself from zero to hero. All his worked
will inspire students to be like him. This is all examples about his career.
Weekend farmer
14
He didnt show exactly road to be an excellent engineer, but he shown a phycology ways to
be an excellent engineer. Theres no tutorial in the world, how to be an excellent engineer. Its
all come from you.
As for your own research, do not read any previous research papers. You may read
textbooks, handbooks, that is, kind of books in order to get the basic knowledge.
It has been easier and efficient to promote your research by reading previous research
papers. But, unfortunately, if we do so, your research will be the imitation of others
and lose the priority.
Then, how to avoid this risk? Consider, consider and consider the solutions for the
needs by yourself. You will grasp unexpected results.
15
16
1.8: SUSTAINABILITY
VINCENT CHOW
Chairman,
Malaysian Nature Society Johor branch
What is sustainability?
Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For humans, sustainability is the long-term
maintenance of well being, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and
encompasses the concept of stewardship, the responsible management of resource use. In
ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over
time, a necessary precondition for human well-being. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and
forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.
17
18
Jobs
2. Environment means:
Water quality
Air quality
Natural resources
3. Society takes cover of:
Education
Health
Poverty
Crime
What is globalization?
19
2.0
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Professional people are engaged with specialist knowledge and skill within their
expertise. For instance, civil engineer is the one of the professions which expertise in
designing, building and maintaining structures. Ethics can be defined as the moral principles
that govern a persons or groups actions. Professional ethics are the most essential attribute
must been practiced by all of the professional people in their field of expertise. An engineer
cannot claim herself/himself a professional in whatever sense if no ethical attributes been
practiced by her/him.
Lack of ethics in engineering field may lead to some conflict of interest and legal
consequences as well. Nowadays, lots of unethical deeds occur in engineering field due to
misbehave of engineers. Indirectly rise in public distrust in ability, proficiency and integrity
of engineers. Hence, others engineer will receive the impact due to negative perception given
by the public. Besides, ethics of engineering not only covers during working hours but also
extend beyond working hours activities and lifestyle.
There are some cases where unethical action or decision of an engineer causes injured
and unnecessary fatal accident at construction site. Normally, this happened because of wrong
20
instructions given by new engineer. However, unfair for them to be punished for these fatality
or injury because they are too young, lack of experience and new with construction
environment. Punishing will put them into trauma, stress and kill their motivation towards
working more efficiently, safely and responsibly. Hence, supervisor must have responsibility
to give an appropriate ethics briefing to his subordinates in early stage of recruitment.
There some ethical dilemmas that often occurred such as, taking office supplies for
home use, using company phone for personal use, and putting personal expenses as business
expenses. For some people, it might be inconsequential to take these minor delinquencies into
consideration. However, these habits will spoil integrity and honesty of the workers. If we
practice these habits in our daily life, we will attempt to do bigger delinquency such as
receiving bribe for personal interest. People are expecting engineers to exhibit higher
standards of integrity and principle of ethical conduct in their duties. Most of engineers
works are dealing with peoples life. Once mistakes from engineers may cause fatality or
serious injury whether before, during or after completion of the project.
There are some aims of engineering Code of Ethics whereby enables us to set out the
ideals and responsibilities of the profession, improve the profile of the profession, provide
guidance on acceptable conduct and raise awareness and consciousness of issues. Besides, we
can improve quality and consistency, emphasize engineers responsibility to society so we
can serve the interests of the community, and address the tension between responsibility of an
engineer to the community, the employer and fellow professionals. Three major professional
engineering bodies of the Code of Ethic in civil engineering field are Board of Engineering
21
An engineer must register with the Board of Engineering Malaysia (BEM) before he
can employed or practice as an engineer. The BEM may order the registration of engineer if
he is guilty, dishonesty or moral turpitude (conduct that is considered contrary to community
standards of justice, honesty or good morals); accepting illicit commission and fails to
disclose to his client any vested financial interest in his dealings with the client.
The Institution of Engineer Malaysia (IEM) is a learned society registered under the
Societys Act. Membership is voluntary but the professional standards set by IEM for
membership are accepted as a Professional Engineers and as a result most Professional
Engineers are members of IEM. The Code of Ethics of IEM lays down general guidelines for
the conduct of its members vis-a-vis his relationship and transaction with the community
(which extend to the world large in certain case), the employer, clients and peers
(networking).
22
Hence, it can be conclude that Code of Ethics is the guidelines and moral
responsibilities of engineers towards the society and nation.
codes of ethics are to serve and protect the public; provide guidance, offer inspiration,
establish shared standards, contribute to education, deter wrongdoing, and strengthening a
professions image.
23
Construction industries play important role in national developing. The researches shows that
construction sector growth is proportional with gross domestic product (GMP) and it can
generate about 124 industries. Construction industries include infra-structure and building
construction. For the infra-structure construction like bridge construction, tunnel
construction, highway construction railway construction and etc. meanwhile, building
construction is more on the resident house construction, commercial construction and etc. for
each construction project will involve many parties such as non-government body (NGO) and
government body. Therefore, ethic and professionalism is stress in the construction industries.
To understand more about the code of ethics as a civil engineer, we conducted an interview
section with Ir. Mohd Zubidi b Abd Razak at site office in RMC UTM. Below are the
interview question and the answer by Ir Zubidi:-
1.
Can you tell me about your role as well as the background of your company?
I as the resident engineer represent my consultant firm, MLA Perunding Sdn. Bhd. in this
construction site. My consultant firm is located in Taman Pulai Indah Skudai. It is the
consultant firm that doing design on the structure and infrastructure design. Resident engineer
must be a professional engineer. For this project, the minimum requirement as a resident
engineer is having ten years experience as professional engineer. Mainly my working scope
is to do the inspection on the work or end product done by the contractor.
24
2.
I have more than ten years working experiences in the construction site and design work.
3.
How many project that you have handled before and what are types of the project?
That is some of the project of project that had been hander by me such as 7 store high rise
building construction and residence houses construction. During working with other
consultant company, I have experience in supervision on highway construction in Melaka and
revetment construction in Sarawak.
4.
What is the requirement in order to become an Ingenieur (Ir.)? Can you share on how
to became a
professional engineer that set by the Institution of Engineer Malaysia (IEM) are trained under
supervised by a professional engineer at less three year and the experience should include
design and site besides application of engineering science and knowledge. Besides, he/she
should register with Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) first. For me, I spend about two
year work as the site engineer and five year working in the consultant than I apply for the
professional engineer.
5.
25
Ingenieur should be more competent, ethical, intellectual, mature, and responsible to their
work and behavior. Besides, he/she should must able to perform design work and site
supervision, analysis and solving engineering problems, having good management and
communication skill. Meanwhile, as engineer must know how to apply the knowledge that
had learn.
6.
Ethics is defined as a study of action, actions, goals, principles, policies, and law that related
with morality. Meanwhile, engineering ethic is application of the morality into the
engineering practice and research. Therefore, some code of ethics that state by IEM should be
follow as they practice as an engineer. Besides, code of ethics also can be a guideline in
working as engineer. As an engineer, we should give a professional advice to their client or
contractor and the advice that giving to them should be more intellectual. Besides, we should
take seriously in the work that we did and make it with full responsibility.
7.
In my opinion, the main causes make unethical behavior occur in the construction industry is
the personal moral value in low. This is cause by he/she does not have strong believing in
their religion. The moral value in a person also affect by the friend, education background
and working environment. Besides, greedy, survival needs, cronyism, ineffective
procurement system and ease of market entry-construction the last choice also with cause
unethical behavior issue in the construction industries.
26
8.
After these few years of working at construction site, have you ever face or witness
No. I am working in the consultation firm, the mostly my work is due to the design work and
do explanation on my design to my client. Sometime I will do the inspection in construction
only.
9.
In my opinion, for a consultant engineer like me is easier to be an ethical engineer. But for a
site engineer is more difficult be to an ethical engineer. Some of the contractor is lack of
ethics and they will force their site engineer to reduce the construction machinery and
material that may cause unsafely condition to the worker. Furthermore, some of the
contractor does not follow the specification that state in the contract document. For the
example, the concrete grad is below grad or the end product does not meet the design that
states in the contract. Besides, many of the discretion making is depend on the construction
situation. Therefore, some of the ethic issue is affect by the situation of the construction.
Some of local code of practice that use by the contractor does not meet require with design
that make by consultancy. For example, we cannot make sure the concrete grad that mixes in
construction site meet the design work by consultant.
10.
In your opinion, how do you balance the quality and the cost of a project in terms of
ethic?
In my opinion, three main objectives in the managing construction project is time, cost and
the quality. Time, cost and the quality is depending on each other and balancing between
them is the goal to achieve in each project. For example, the cost may increase due to
27
shorting time of the construction and the quality of the end product may low. A proper
planning in a construction site can make sure to a balancing between the times, cost and
quality must have. Proper planning also can help reduce the ethic issue in the construction
project.
11.
In your opinion, how do you resolve a problem whenever a project is delayed and
In my opinion, when the project is mostly delay, we should increases the recourses such as
material, machinery, manpower and etc. the increasing of the resources will cause the
increasing of the cost of construction but may be it less than LAD that state in the contract.
For example, one of the projects that I have handed before LAD of the project is fifty
thousand per day, so increasing the resources is the way to reduce the cost of the construction.
Besides, that we also can apply for the extension time if the delay is due third party such as
the sub-contractor, nature disaster and etc. I personally to suggest that not to be delay the
project, it will affect the reputation of the company. Mostly JKR will give three months for
the delay of the construction project.
12.
In terms of ethics, do you have any comment regarding to the construction works in
Malaysia?
The comments that I can give is many of the construction project is having a good design
work and planning such as the PETRONAS twine tower. The accidents that occur at the
construction site are not so serous. Some project that having problem due to the design work
failure and some of them is facing the problem due to material that use is poor by the
28
unethical contractor. Besides, it also by the local of practices does not meet the required in
design work that made by the consultancy. The problem can be reduce the by using the
Industries Building System (IBS) material. Beside, that IBS system can reduce period of the
construction work.
13.
In my opinion, fresh graduates should follow the code of ethic that set by the IEM. It can be
used as guideline during working and it can improve the professionalism to the engineer.
Besides, they should loyal to their employer and more vigilant to the job. They also should
take the responsibility to the work that done. Therefore, they can perform well in the
construction project.
14.
29
Age
: 32