King Saud University

College of Computer and Information Sciences

Department of Computer Engineering
Course/ Tutorial No: 340 CEN/ 4
Date: 5/9/1436
No of questions: 6

3582
3421

I. Determine whether flg. systems are memory or memoryless:

A system is memoryless (or instantaneous) if its output y(t0) at time t0
depends only on the input x(t0) i.e. at t = t0 only.
A system has memory (or non-instantaneous system) if its output y(t0)
at time t0 depends on the input x(t) for t > t0 or t < t0 , i.e. it depends on
values of the input other than x(t0).
1. y(t) = x(t + 3).

memory

2. y(t) = (t + 3) x(t).

memoryless

3. y(t) = [x(t + 3)] .

memory

4. y(t) = x(t) + 3.

memoryless

II. Determine whether flg. systems are invertible or not:

1. If a system S is invertible an inverse system SI exists. Let us check:

x(t) = i(t)
y(t) = v(t)
x(t) = y(t)/R = i(t)

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SI

So, R is an invertible system.

2. y(t) = x4(t).

is not invertible system (you don't know the sign).

III. Determine whether flg. systems are causal or not:

A system is casual if the output at any time depends on values of the input at
only the present and past times.
1. v(t0) = i(t0)R.

2. v(t0) =

1
C

Causal since output depends only at present.

i(t)dt

Causal since output depends only on past

and present. -

3. y(t) = x(-t)

for t=negative number

Noncausal because y(-1) = x(1) i.e. the output

depends on future.

IV. Determine whether the flg. system is time-invariant or not:

A resistor R where the input is i(t) and the output is v(t).
A system is time invariant if a time shift in the input signal results in
an identical time shift in the output signal.

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For R:

R is time-invariant.
V.

Determine whether flg. systems are stable or not:

a. y(t) = t x(t)
b. Resistor R where the input is i(t) and the output is v(t).

A system is stable if an input x(t) that is bounded (finite) for all time produces an
output y(t) that is also bounded or finite for all tim.
Mathematically, if:
|x(t)| B1 |y(t)| B2, where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output,
the system is stable.
Solutions:
a. y(t) = t x(t)

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A constant input x(t) = 1 yields y(t) = t, which is unbounded, since no matter

what finite constant we pick, y(t) will exceed that constant for some t. We
conclude that this system is unstable.

b. Resistor R where the input is i(t) and the output is v(t).

If i(t) B1

v(t) RB1

Then, R is stable.
VI. Determine whether flg. system is linear or not:
t
y(t) =

x () d

For linear system:

ax1(t)+bx2(t)

ay1(t)+by2(t)

Solution:

In this system x1(t)

x2(t)

x1(t) + x2(t)

y1(t) =

x () d

-
t

y2(t) = x1() d
-
t

y3(t) = y1(t) + y2(t) = x1() d +

x2() d
-
-

On the other hand:

(1)

y3(t)= [x1() + x2()] d

-

Applying x1(t) + x2(t) to the system

4

(2)

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(1) = (2), so the system is linear.

Tut4/340CEN/56s