Measurements

of surface profile and refractive

distribution
by real-time fringe analysis

index

Institute

of Physical

8th Meeting on Lightwave

Sensing Technology,
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology.
Japan
Applied Physics

and

Japanese
Society of

A real-time fringe analysing technique using the phase-shifting

electronic moire method is described. This technique can deliver
phase distribution directly from a single fringe pattern which
contains a spatial carrier. We multiply the input fringe by three
computer-generated
reference gratings with a relative phase-shift
and obtain three phase-shifted moire patterns by low-pass filtering.
The phase distribution is derived from these patterns with a highspeed signal processor based on the phase-shifting
technique.
Experiments have shown that the method is useful for analysis of
various fringe patterns. which are used for real-time measurements of
surface profile. refractive index distribution etc.

Measurement
of displacement
localized at infinity

using interference

fringes

Tomoaki Eiju. Kiyofumi Matsuda. T.H. Barnes, Yusrandihardja.

D. Santika. Makoto Yamauchi
8th Meeting on Lightwave
Sensing Technology,
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology,
Japan
Applied Physics

Japanese
Society of

Fringe counting techniques are often used in modern laser interferometers for measuring displacement. These interferometers are
essentially integrating devices. where the displacement is derived
from an accumulated fringe count. that is. they measure travel rather
than static displacement. If the interferometer optical paths are
interrupted during a measurement cycle. the reference for the
instrument is lost and accuracy suffers. In this paper. we describe a
holographic technique whereby displacement
is measured by
analysing a fringe pattern localized at infinity which is equivalent to
Haidinger or Brewster fringes in conventional interferometry. The
phase distribution ofthe fringe pattern is measured to high accuracy
using phase-stepping
interferometry. and then analysed by computer. Using this technique. we were able to measure in-plane displacements with an accuracy of about 0.2 pm. whilst the accuracy for
out-of-plane displacements was about :! ,um.

RCAST, Research Centre for Advanced

nology. The University of Tokyo

Hidenohu
Okamoto
*Fuji

of optical

current

transformer

Koide*, Kouji Konno. Mamoru

Electric

for GIS

Yamada.

Tatsuo

R&D Ltd.

8th Meeting on Lightwave

Sensing Technology.
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology.
Japan
Applied Physics

Japanese
Society of

Recently. optical current and voltage measuring systems have been

developed for applications in electric power systems. The authors
have developed an optical current measuring system based on the
magneto-optical effect (the Faraday effect). to apply to gas insulated
switchgears (GIS). The test result of this system is that the ratio error
was less than I! 1.00x,in the current range of lo0 A to 2000 A. and the
temperature stability was less than + 1.0%in the temperature range of
-20C to 90C. In addition. the effect of the magnetic field caused by
the other conductors current was 0.4%~

Optics Et Laser Technology

Vol24 No 3 1992

Science

bias in

and Tech-

8th Meeting on Lightwave

Sensing Technology.
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology.
Japan
Applied Physics

Japanese
Society of

Through research on the noise sources in an Optical Passive RingResonator Gyro (OPRG). the bias induced by the optical Kerr-effect
has been calculated to be one of the dominant noise sources. Our
group has proposed one method to reduce this bias. in which the
input lightwave-intensity into the resonator is modulated with a
square wave. However. in this method. requirements for the intensity
modulator. such as the bandwidth and the extinction ratio. are rather
severe. We propose a novel method to reduce the optical Kerr-effect
induced bias. The bias is monitored by modulating the light-source
intensity. and fed back into one lightwave intensity travelling in the
resonator to make it zero. The basic experiment to verify the principle
of this method is successfully carried out.

Spectral

image

analysis

by vector subspace

method

S. Toyooka. S. Izawa. N. Hayasaka, H Kadono.

T. Jaaskelainen
Saitama

University.

University

of Joensuu

8th Meeting on Lightwave

Sensing Technology.
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology.
Japan
Applied Physics

Japanese
Society of

The vector subspace method is a technique for statistical pattern

recognition. In this paper. a seven-dimensional
subspace which
reflects a spectral feature of every visible colour in the world is used to
analyse a two-dimensional colour image. Optical implementation of
spectral image analysis by the subspace method is proposed. A ray of
light which has a desired spectrum distribution corresponding to the
basis vector of the subspace is made by a spatial filtering system
including a liquid-crystal spatial filter placed at the dispersion plane.
An iterative feedback method to make a spatial filter on the liquid
crystal panel is proposed. A biological sample under a microscope
is analysed.

Temperature
measurement
the vicinity of tibre end
Development

induced

Koich Takiguchi. Kazuo Hotate

Junichi Kate, Ichirou Yamaguchi

Optical Engineering Lab.. The
Chemical
Research (RIKEN)

Method to reduce the optical Kerr-effect

an optical passive ring-resonator
gyro

using reverse mirage effect in

Kazuya Ohta. Norihiro Umeda

Faculty of Technology.
Technology

Tokyo

University

of Agriculture

8th Meeting on Lightwave

Sensing Technology.
Society of Lightwave Sensing Technology.
Japan
Applied Physics

&

Japanese
Society of

This paper describes a new technique to measure a temperature in a

small region by the use of a reverse mirage effect. This effect is a
refractive index gradient of air at the vicinity of an optical tibre end
covered with an optically absorbable material. A sample in the field
of the reverse mirage modifies the refractive index gradient
depending on its temperature. Therefore. the sample temperature
can be obtained by detecting a deflection angle of the probe beam.
which measures the refractive index gradient of air. A theoretical
analysis by heat conduction is discussed and the experimental results
on the reverse mirage effect are presented. Also. a temperature
measurement of the heating wire is demonstrated.

159