1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Problem Statement
Analyse and design an economical and stable RCC framed building for the usage in Residential
purpose using CSI-ETABS and manual calculations.

1.2. Scope
The main scope of this project is to apply standards of Nepal National building codes and IS- 456,
IS-13920, IS-1893 in designing a building. These building require great extent consideration of
earthquake effects on building. This building is located in seismic zone V therefore the lateral
loading of earthquake considered is predominant to the effects of wind loads. Hence wind loads are
not considered. Almost materials and their sizes are so chooses that these are easily available in the
market.

1.3 General
This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of building of .. at
. Municipality/VDC ward no..It has planned to utilize the building as
educational aspect. The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that
structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life.
1. The building will be used dwellings or hotels so that there are Partition walls inside the building.
External walls 230 mm thick and internal walls 115mm thick with 12 mm plaster on both sides are
considered. For simplicity in analysis, no sloping shades are used in the building analysis even though
balconies and terraces are intentionally included.
2. At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the floor will directly rest on ground. Therefore,
only ground beams passing through columns are provided as tie beams. The floor beams are
thus absent in the ground floor.
3. The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
4. For all structural elements except slabs, M25 grade concrete will be used. However, higher M30
grade
concrete is used for central columns up to plinth, in ground floor and in the first floor.

5. Column size are kept in similar group to ascertain simplicity in construction.

6. The floor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid
7. Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
8. Tie Beams are provided in connecting the footings. This is optional in zones II and III; however, it is
mandatory in zones IV and V.
9. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along the two principal
directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant.
10. The analysis and design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in India
and Nepal, the Indian Standard code IS 1893(Part 1):2002 and the NBC (105:1994) code at places
if required. This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs
made in the design and the design output.
Page 1 of 34

11. As per IS 1893(Part 1):2002, the seismic zoning of Nepal can be taken as ZONE IV and ZONE
V , most severe zone of India. For our case, we take the site lies on Zone V. Hence the building is
designed with great consideration towards earthquake resistant practices.
12. All dimensions are in mm, unless specified otherwise

1.4 Building Configuration and Features

The arrangements of Beams, Columns, Balcony slabs, T/B slabs, Room floors are done according as
the figures shown below. Storey height for all floors is taken as 3200mm. The numbering of beams and
columns are presented in Annex I
Building Type
: Residential Building of ..
Located at .
Structural system
: RCC Space frame, ductile moment resisting frame with infill wall
Plinth area covered
: .
Column
: Square size 300x300mm
Rectangular size (Main beams) :230 x 355 mm
Slab
: 125 mm thick two way slab
Type of foundation
: Isolated footing with STRAP BEAM for footing
No. of Storey
: Three story including stair cover
Total Height
: 9.6 with stair case cover
Wall
: 250 mm & 125mm thick brick masonry (1:5 C/S ratio)
Probable Partition
: (Actual Partition walls are not considered but 1KN/m2 equivalent
Dead Load is assumed for possible partition)
Type of Sub-Soil
: II (Medium type as per NBC 105)
Bearing Capacity of soil adopted = 200 KN/m2 as per site condition.

1.5 Loads on Buildings

1.5.1 Dead Load: A constant load in a building structure that is due to the weight of the members, the
supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories. This analysis deals with dead loads to

be assumed in the design of buildings and same is given in the-form of unit weight of
materials. The unit weight of other materials that are likely to be stored in a building should be
also included for the purpose of load calculations due to stored materials. These loads are
calculated as specified in IS875-1987(part I)
1.5.2 Live Load : The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building,
including the weight of movable partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, load due to impact and
vibration, and dust load but excluding wind, seismic, snow and other loads due to temperature changes,
creep, shrinkage, differential settlement, etc. This analysis covers imposed loads*(live loads) to be
assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads, used in this building analysis, are minimum
loads which should be taken into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of buildings. These

loads are calculated as specified in IS875-1987 (part II)

Page 2 of 34
1.5.3 Seismic

earthquake. This
seismic loads on the structure during an earthquake result from inertia forces which were created by
ground accelerations. The magnitude of these loads is a function of the following factors: mass
of the building, the dynamic properties of the building, the intensity, duration, and frequency
content of the ground motion, and soil-structure interaction. The analysis method and

earthquake loads are calculated as specified in IS1893-2002.

1.5.4 Wind Load: Wind is air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. The primary cause of
wind is traced to earths rotation and differences in terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects are
primarily responsible for convection either upwards or downwards. The wind generally blows
horizontal to the ground at high wind speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric motion are
relatively small, the term wind denotes almost exclusively the horizontal wind, vertical winds
are always identified as such. Wind load on the building would be usually uplift force
perpendicular to the roof due to suction effect of the wind blowing over the roof. The positive or
negative force of the wind acting on the structure; wind applies a positive pressure on the
windward side of the building and a negative suction to the leeward side.. This analysis ignored the
wind loads as the building is located in seismic zone V and hence the earthquake loads
predominant it and the height of the building is less.

2. METHODOLOGY
The project provided to us is completed performing each section works mentioned in the
contents before The following stages are involved in the analysis and design of three and half
storey building.

2.1 Load Calculation

Load calculation is done using the IS 1893:2002 and NBC105: 1994 as code of standards. The
exact value of unit weights of the materials from the code is used in the calculation. The
thickness of materials is taken as per design requirements.

2.2 Preliminary Design

The tentative size of structural elements are determined through the preliminary
design so that after analysis the pre assumed dimensions might not deviated
considerably , thus making the final design both safe and economical . Tentative
sizes of various elements have been determined as follows:
2.2.1 Slab
For slab, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span /effective
depth = 26*modification factor.( IS456-2000 Art 23.2.1)
2.2.2 Beam
Thumb rule of d=L/12 to L/15 basis is adopted to consider the preliminary design
of the beam section .
b/D=1/2
2.2.3 Column
Preliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. For the load acting in
the column, live load is decreased according to IS456-2000 & SP 16. Cross-sections of the
columns
Page 3 of 34

are adopted considering the economy. Square column section is adopted in this building project as
per the internal aesthetic requirements.
2.2.4 Staircase
Stairs is designed as per drawing. Coolum for stairs boxes is not included in the grid
system but they are assumed to be simply tied with main frame with beam.

2.3 Loading Patterns

Loading pattern from slab to beam is obtained by drawing 45 0 offset lines from each corners then
obtained trapezoidal as well as the triangular loading and is converted into the equivalent UDL as
described in the respective sections .The loading from cantilever slab part is converted to UDL
acting in beam by dividing the total load by beam. Load from all cantilever part is converted to
UDL acting in beam by dividing total load (wall UDL*total wall length) by length of the beam.
Self-weight of the projected beam

2.4. Gravity Load Calculation

There are three types of loads for which the provided proposed project is
designed: Dead load
Live load
Seismic load
Dead load consists of the load from each element of building i.e. weight of column, beam, slab and
wall. Dimensions of column, beam, and slab are taken from preliminary design and Corresponding
density from code. For wall load thickness of wall is taken from plan. Live load is taken from
relevant code. In case of different live loads in one panel of slab, highest value of load is taken for
the panel. For seismic load whole mass lump of building is calculated from which base shear is
obtained according to code.

2.5 Tools for Analysis

For analysis, different softwares are available during these days. Concerning to the project CSIETABS V-15 integrated building software is used for analysis of frames. Manual analysis and
design using IS456:2000 carried out for the slabs and foundations with the help of me created
excel-templates made accordingly.

2.6 Design Method

Limit State Method
It uses the concept of probability and based on the application of method of statistics to the
variation that occurs in practice in the loads acting on the structures or in the strength of material.
The structures may reach a condition at which it becomes unfit for use for one of many reasons e.g.
collapse, excessive deflection, cracking, etc. and each of this condition is referred to a limit state
condition. The aim of limit state design is to achieve an acceptable probability that a structure will
not become unserviceable in its lifetime for the use for which it has been intended i. e it will not
reach a limit state. It means structures should be able to withstand safely all loads that are liable to
act on it throughout its life and it would satisfy the limitations of deflection and cracking. We adopt
limit state method for design.
Page 4 of 34

3. FRAME DESIGN
3.1 ETABS Analysis

3.1.1

Assignments

Materials
Table 1 - Material Properties Concrete
Concrete
Grade
M20

Table 2 - Material Properties - Rebar

Name

HYSD415

Table 3 - Reinforcing Bar Sizes

Name
8
12
16

Loads
The following considerations are made for the assignment of loads on the structural model:

The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that distributed over length are
imposed on line element whenever possible.

Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading distribution is carried
to load the model near the real case as far as possible.

The imposed loading of infill walls are considered(as per architectural drwg.) as equivalent UDL with
25% to 30% deductions for openings, but the actual modelling of infill walls as equivalent Struts are
not performed. Hence the stiffness of infill walls are not considered.
Page 5 of 34

The Plinth Tie Beams are designed as purely tie members for lateral loads only, not designed as
flexural members as floor beams.

For simplicity of Structural analysis, Modelling of stair case is not performed & no landing beam is
considered. The DL & LL load of stair case is transferred to the floor beam as equivalent UDL.

Load Patterns
Table 4 - Load Patterns
Name

Dead Load
Live Load
Seismic Load(X)
Seismic Load(Y)

Load cases

Name

Dead

Live

EQX

EQY

Dead loads (DL)

Assessment of unit Dead loads

Table 7 Assessment of unit Live Loads

Unit Weight of Concrete =

Unit Weight of Brickwork with
Plaster =
Unit Weight of Floor Finish
Probable Partition Equivqlent Dead
Load =
Beam-1 Width =

Beam-1 Depth =
Height Of wall =
Width Of External
Wall =
Width Of Internal
Wall =
Page 6 of 34
Percentage of
Opening on wall
=
Stair Area =

Loads on Beams supporting Two- ways Slabs:

In case of Beams supporting two-way slabs, the load distribution is trapezoidal on long beams and triangular
on short beams with base angle of 45 as shown in fig. The ordinates of trapezoidal and triangular
loads=qLx/2.

Fig:1 Two-way slab Loading

Applications of loads on model

Table 6 Applications of loads on model

a)

Beams subjected to External Wall

b)

Line along the brick masonry partition walls

c)

StairCase Beam ( Beam-2)

Page 7 of 34

d)

Floor Slab

Imposed Load (LL)

The imposed loads on the structural system are taken from IS 875(part2)-1987 for Residential/Commercial
building

Assessment of unit Live Loads

Table 7 Assessment of unit Live Loads
Type of Building =
(IS875(II)-1987; Table 1)
Corridor =
Stair =
BedRoom =
Toilet/BathRoom =
Balcony =

Roof =
Terrace =

Note-1: While applying the loads on structural model rounding values are used for simplicity
Note-2: Point load consideration is ignored as the slab has sufficient rigidity to spread the concentrated load;
IS875 (II) Clause 3.1
Page 8 of 34

Lateral Load Calculation (Earthquake Load)

According to NBC105:1994 & IS 1823-2002, Chitwan lies on the zone 2, V. Hence, the effect of
the earthquake is predominant than the wind load. So, the frame is analysed for the EQ as lateral
load. Among the methods of seismic analysis Seismic Coefficient Method defined in clause 10.1
NBC 105:1994 and equivalent IS 1893-2002 clauses 6.4.2 is used to calculate seismic
coefficient. And hence lateral loads are determined

Assessment of Seismic Loading

Auto Seismic Loading

Load
Type
Pattern

EQX

Seismic

X + Ecc. Y

EQX

Seismic

X - Ecc. Y

EQY

Seismic

Y + Ecc. X

EQY

Seismic

Y - Ecc. X

Table

4
4
4
4

Page 9 of 34

15/04/2015

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX according
to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS

6.4.5]

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Page 10 of 34

15/04/2015

Story

StairCover
Second
Floor
First Floor
Base

Page 11 of 34

15/04/2015

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQY according
to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS

6.4.5]
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Page 12 of 34

15/04/2015

Story

StairCover
Second
Floor
First Floor
Base

Page 13 of 34

Load Combinations
The load combinations are based on NBC105:1994, clause 4.4 for Limit state design method.
The following load combinations are used during analysis.

Table 9- Load Combinations

S.N
.
1

Name
1.Combo1.5(DL+LL)

5.Combo (DL+1.3 LL-1.25EQY)

6.Combo (0.9DL+1.25EQX)

7.Combo (0.9DL-1.25EQX)

8.Combo (0.9DL+1.25EQY)

9.Combo (0.9DL-1.25EQY)

4.Combo (DL+1.3 LL+1.25EQY)

3.Combo (DL+1.3 LL+1.25EQX)

2.Combo (DL+1.3 LL-1.25EQX)

Page 14 of 34

Geometry Assignments
Table 10 Geometry Assignments
S.
N.
1

Design
Type

St

Column

Al

Beam

Al

Beam

Al

2
3

Story
All
Story

Diaphragms
Rigid
Mesh Option

All

Auto Cookie Cut

Other Assignments
1) 100mm2 steel sections is overridden to beam section at top for ductile reinforcement
consideration.
2) Minimum rebar sizes and numbers are overridden
for beam 12mm dia and 4 numbers of bars
for column 16mm dia and 8 number of bars
3) In every floor slabs are interconnected to act as a diaphragm.
3.1.2 Analysis Preparation
Selection of Analysis Sections
Preliminary design is carried out to estimate approximate size of the structural members.
Grid diagram is the basic guiding parameter for analysis (both approximate and exact)
and is presented below.
Slab
For limit state of serviceability (deflection) criteria,
Span / depth ratio <
Where
, , ,, are modification factors given by IS 456: 2000
= 26, for continuous slab [IS 456: 2000, CL: 23.2.1(a)]
= 1, for span < 10m, [IS 456: 2000, CL: 23.2.1(b)]
= 1.24, for pt = 0.5% (assumed) [IS 456: 2000, CL: 23.2.1(c)]
Page 15 of 34

 = 1, for pt = 0% [IS 456: 2000, CL: 23.2.1(d)]

= 1, for rectangular section [IS 456: 2000, CL: 23.2.1(e)]

Take Overall depth (D) = 150 mm

Beam
For main beam
Depth of beam = (1 / 13) * Longest span [IS 456: 2000 CL 22.2]
The section of main beam = 230 * 355 mm, 230*400 mm
Column
For main column d
= H/8 to H/10 D=
3200/ (8 to 10)
= 400 mm to 320 mm
Adopt Size of Column
= 350* 350 mm and 400*400 mm
3.1.3Analysis Outputs
Base Reactions
Table

Base Reactions and

S.N.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Storey Drifts
Table: 12 Storey drift

Page 16 of 34

Storey
Stair Cover
Second Floor
First Floor

ANNEX-I

Storey Drift ratio for all storied are checked as defined in clause 7.11.2, IS 1893-2002.It is found that storey drift ratio
for all stories are within permissible limit 0.004. OK. All the reaction forces, drifts and
deflections are shown in
Base Reactions are used to Design Foundation

Sections Forces
Typical analysis forces of beam/column and slab are presented below. All the beam/column forces are
presented in ANNEX-II

Fig:5 Direction of forces in Beam

Fig:6 Direction of Forces in Column

Page 17 of 34

Fig:7 Axial Force Diagram in Columns of Elevation B

Fig:8 SFD of First floor Beams in (2-2) of First Floor Beams

Page 18 of 34

Fig:9 Bending Moment Diagram (3-3) of Elevation A and B

Page 19 of 34

Page 20 of
34

Fig:10 Resultant Bending Moment (1-1 and 2-2 ) contour in First Floor Slab

3.2 Design Outputs

Preliminary designed sections are provided and the structure is checked for different load

combinations. The detail check and pass of all the message is shown in

ANNEX-III

3.2.1 Typical Output of Critical Sections

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Level
First Floor

b (mm)

Page 21 of 34

Ec (MPa)

Column End

Top
Bottom

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Column End

Top
Bottom

Column End

Top
Bottom

Joint Shear Check/Design

Major(Vu2)
Minor(Vu3)

Page 22 of 34

Ratio

Major33
Minor22

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Beam Element Details

b (mm)

Ec (MPa)

Design Code Parameters

C

1.5

1.15

Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

Top (+2 Axis)

Bot (-2 Axis)

Top (+2 Axis)

Combo

Page 23 of 34

Bot (-2 Axis)

Combo

Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I
Design Vu
kN
DL+1.3LL-1.25EQX

3.1.2

Summary of Design Sections

Column
The brief description of column sections is tabulated below. The detailed column
section reinforcements are presented in Column Schedule attached in structural
drawing section of this report
Structural drawings are explained in ANNEX-IV

Table: 12 Column Sizes and Brief Rebar Schedule

Column

*Spacing is illustrated in structural drawing attached with this report

Page 24 of 34

Sizes
mm*mm
1 300*300

**Column Framing Plan and Column Schedule are attached in structural drawing sheets.

Beam
All the sizes of beams and their labels and corresponding rebar are tabulated in Beam Rebar
Table attached with this report in structural drawing section (ANNEX-IV). Mainly the adopted
structurally passed sections are tabulated below
Table:13 Types of Adopted Beams and Their Sizes
Beams
Main Beams
Staircase stair landing Beams
Tie Beams
Cantilever Overhanging Beams

Page 25 of 34

4. SLAB DESIGN
4.1 General
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of buildings and carrying distributed
loads primarily by flexure. A staircase can be considered to be an inclined slab. They
may be supported on walls or beams or in the columns. The beam supporting the slabs
are considered stiff and do have deflections relative small as that compared to the slabs.
The slabs supported on the wall or beams are called edge supported slab.
4.1.1 Types of Slab
Slabs are classified according to the manner of the support
a) One-way Slab spanning in one direction
b) Two-way slab spanning in two direction
c) Circular slab
d) Flat slab
e) Ribbed slab
Two-way slabs are analysed and designed for this building
4.1.2 Methodology of slab design
Important information regarding the design of slab according to IS456:2000
1. Slab is designed for 1m wide strip
2. Temperature reinforcement (Ast min) = 0.12% bD for deformed bars along the
transverse direction to the main bars (Cl.26.5.2.1)
3. Cover minimum = 25mm
4. If Ly/Lx < 2, two way slab is designed
Design Steps for two way restrained slab

1. Effective depth (d) is taken from the preliminary design

2. Find out the loading
3. Find out the effective span
Leff = lo+ t
= lo + d whichever is less
4. Bending moment is calculated according to Annex D IS 456:2000
Mux = x * wu * (lx)2
Muy = y * wu * (lx)2
x and y are the bending moment coefficient from table 26 (IS 456: 2000)
Mux and Muy are the moments on the strips of unit width spanning lx and ly
respectively.
Lx and ly are the length of shorter span and longer span respectively.
5. Find out the area of the steel
Mu = 0.87 *fy *Ast*(d- (fy*Ast/fck * b))
6. Find out the spacing for the arrangement of
steel. Sv = 1000 * ( / 4 * 2) / Ast
7. Check for development length according to cl. 25.2.1 IS 456:2000
8. Check for deflection according to cl.23.2.1 IS 456:2000
Page 26 of 34

4.2 Analysis and Design of Two-way slab

Table: 14 Two-way Slab Sizes and Bottom Main Reinforcement

Table :

Slab Dimensions and Rebars

Client
Er. Buddhi Sagar Bastola, NEC 7059 'CIVIL' A

Slab
group
S1
S2
S3
S4

DL

LL

(KN/m2)

(KN/m2)

2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000

5.750
5.750
5.750
5.750

Table :

Slab Dimensions and Rebars

Client
Er. Buddhi Sagar Bastola, NEC 7059 'CIVIL' A

DL
Slab group
S1
S2
S3
S4

(KN/m2)
5.750
5.750
5.750
5.750

Calculations of sample slab are presented in ANNEX-V

Page 27 of 34

5. FOUNDATION DESIGN
5.1 General
Foundation are the structural element that transfer the loads from the building or individual
columns to the earth. The scope of foundation design is to consider the excessive
settlement, rotation, differential settlement and safety against sliding /overturning of
foundation.

5.1.1

Types of Footings

a) Isolated Footing: used for single column and may have square rectangular or circular
shapes
b) Strip Footing: Wall footing
c) Combined footing: supports two or more columns
d) Raft/Mat foundation: Support all columns. Used when soil bearing capacity is
low and sum of individual footing area is more than 50% of plinth area.
e) Pile/Well foundations: minimum three piles are capped to support the structures.
Well foundations are used in bridge foundations.
Selection of footings is made from experience but for economical foundations following
factors governs the major.
- Bearing capacity of soil and N-values of SPT
- Permissible differential settlement
- Soil strata
- Type of structures and loadings on them
Here the type of footing adopted is an isolated footing of size .

5.1.2 Bearing Capacity of soil

The total load per unit area under the footing must be less than permissible bearing capacity of
the soil. Foundations must be designed to resist vertical loads, horizontal loads and moments.
Typical net bearing capacity of different soil types are described below.
Rock: 3300KN/m2 to 450 KN/m2
Non-cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 100 KN/m2
Cohesive soil: 450 KN/m2 to 50 KN/m2.
Here the safe bearing capacity adopted is a minimum 200KN/m2 for the proposed site.

5.1.3 Depth of Foundation

Factors
-Seasonal weather change e.g. erosion and movement of upper
soil -Lateral earth pressure required to resist horizontal loads.
-safe bearing capacity
Minimum depth of foundation = p/ [(1-sin)/ (1+sin)]
=angle of repose of soil, p= gross bearing capacity, = density of soil
However minimum depth of 500mm is mandatory.
Here the depth of foundation adopted is a minimum of 1 m from the existing ground level.

5.2 Analysis and Design of Foundation

The reaction forces are obtained from ETABS analysis and the corresponding designs are
made manually with the help of EXCEL template following the criterion of IS: 456-2000.
Page 28 of 34

Here the safe bearing capacity is taken on the basis of categorization of site soil and
peripheral geographical/hydrological features. Experiences with similar soil type and location
as the determination of proper value is out of the scope of this report. The design parameters
are shown in below and corresponding drawing are also attached in structural drawing section
of the architectural report.

Table: 15 Foundation design assignment of forces and output results.

Cocrete Strength
MPA
Bearing Capacity
of Soil (KN/m2)
Rebar Strength

MPA

S.N. F-Group #

Joint
Labels

F1

2,4,12,13

F2

1,3,5,8,10,
11,14,15

3
F3
# F-Group(1) = [Fz=0 to 250 KN] ,F-Group(2) = [Fz=250 to 500 KN] ,F-Group(3) = [Fz=500 to 750 KN],F-Group(4) =
[Fz=750 to
1000 KN],
F-Group(5) = [Fz=1000 to 1250 KN],F-Group(6) = [Fz=1250 to 1500 KN],
Note: 1.Foundation are grouped so as to make simplicity in construction.
2. Minimum dowels of 10 mm bar is provided in each face of column(4 numbers)
3. All footings have 75mm brick/stone soling and 75mm PCC base from where the depth of footings is so defined in this table.

Calculations of major footings are presented in ANNEX-VI

Page 29 of 34

6,7,9

Fig: 11 Joint Labels at footing

6. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this building is mainly residential as well as small scale of commercial with
limited resources. Hence due to high cost of soil investigation actual borehole site
exploration and the determination of bearing capacity of soil is omitted and adopted with
the experience and visual inspection of site and local possibilities. The frame system
analysis is made with an well powered software ETABS V17.Attempts are made to
economise and simplified the construction ensuring earthquake safety and adopting
common materials, common sections, and schedules. Design process is interactive process
of selecting frames and checking for loads considered. Final safe checked and passed
model with possible minimum sizes of frame members and minimum reinforcement is
adopted. However this design is safe against earthquake no doubly, however more iteration
are avoided in selection of members which make a little costly but not more than 10%.
Page 30 of 34

Foundations and Slabs are designed manually with the help of excel- design templates
made on the basis of IS 456:2000.Client is suggested to employ supervisor in the
construction periods to ensure the quality control of works/materials within a limit. All
necessary calculations; analysis results and design outputs are presented in annexes as a
Adarsha.pdf version of soft copy file.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
1) Jain, A.KR.C.C Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited
3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers
6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company
7) www.csiamerica.com
8) Bothara,Jitendra Kumar- Protection of educational buildings against earthquake,NSET-Nepal publication
9) Shrestha, Hima -Retrofitting of common Frame structural houses, NSET-Nepal publication
Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) I S 1893-2003 -Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Structure
5) I S 13920-1993 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces
6) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
Part 1- Dead Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads
7) NBC 105 :1994- Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
8) NBC 108 :1994- Site Consideration for Seismic Hazards
9) NBC 201 :1994 - Mandatory Rules of Thumb Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Masonry Infill
Tools
CSI-ETABS V.17: The frame analysis and design of this building is made with CSI-ETABS software
choosing the integrated IS codes of standards. The innovative and revolutionary ETABS is the ultimate
integrated software package for the structural analysis and design of buildings. Incorporating 40 years of
continuous research and development, this latest ETABS offers unmatched 3D object based modelling and
visualization tools, blazingly fast linear and nonlinear analytical power, sophisticated and comprehensive
design capabilities for a wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic displays, reports, and schematic
drawings that allow users to quickly and easily decipher and understand analysis and design results. The
entire building structure was analyzed for gravity (including P-Delta analysis), wind, and seismic loadings
utilizing ETABS version 8.4, from Computers and Structures, Inc (CSI). Major success story of software
are shortly explained below.
ETABS is used in the structural design of the Burj Dubai in the United Arab. The Burj Dubai
Tower is the worlds tallest structure, passing all previous height records. The entire building structure was
analyzed for gravity (including P-Delta analysis), wind, and seismic loadings utilizing ETABS version 8.4,
from Computers and Structures, Inc (CSI).
ETABS is used in the design of the new Museum for African Art on Fifth Avenue in New York
City

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Microsoft Office Excel Templates: The Design of Foundations and Slabs are made with Excel-Template
prepared by myself. The so prepared design templates are based on IS 456:2000 - Code of Practice for Plain
and Reinforced Concrete

ANNEXES
1. ANNEX-I-Base Reactions and Drifts/Deflection Of Structural Elements (Soft Copy)
2. ANNEX-II-Frame Section Forces (Soft Copy)
3. ANNEX-III-Design Outputs (Soft Copy)
4. ANNEX-IV-Structural Drawings (Soft as well as Hard Copy)
5. ANNEX-V- Calculations of Sample Slabs (Soft Copy)
6. ANNEX-VI-Calculations of Sample Footings (soft Copy)

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Er.Buddhi Sagar Bastola NEC CIVIL A 7059

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27/03/20
15

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