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SteppingMotorDriverICA3977FAQanswer2007042611:17Q1Q:CanyouprovideA3977applicationnote?
A:Yes,seeApplicationNoteSTP012"anewtypeofintegrationstepanddirectioncontroldecodersegmentssteppermotor
driverchip."Fordetails,pleaserefertotheAllegrowebsite
Q2,Q:ThereareA3977howmanykindsofsubmode?
A:fullstep,halfstep,foursegments,eightsegments.
Q3,asked:A3977merelydesignedtoreplacetheoldpincompatible?
A:donot,canA3977marketthanthevastmajorityoftwophasebipolarsteppermotordrivemoreeconomical,easytouse
solution.Beforeyouwanttousetwoormorechipdesignproject,onlyapieceofA3977canberealizedallthefeaturesofthe
original.
Q4,Q:Whatarethebenefitsdecoderanddriverintegratedonthesamechip?
A:decoderanddriverintegratedonthesamechipcanbegreatlyreducedtheconsumptionofsystemresources,theprevious
twophasebipolarsteppermotordrivertakes68ports,A3977littleastwoports(steppulseanddirection)canbe.
Q5,Q:whethertheinputpulluporpulldownresistor?
A:No,theinputterminalcanbeconnecteddirectlytothepositivepowersupply(Vdd)orground(GND).Iftheyreallyneedto
pulluporpulldownresistor,itisrecommendedthatresistance1KEurope.
Q6Q:WhatprotectionfeaturesprovideA3977?
A:
Thermalshutdown(TSD)
Voltagelockout(UVLO)
Wrongphaseshortcircuitprotection
Regulator,chargepumpvoltagemonitoring
Q7,Q:A3977issuppliedinthemotordrivevoltageis?
A:Undernocircumstancesshallexceed35V.
Q8,Q:2.5Adrivecapacity,mentionedinthedatasheetreferstotheentirechiporeachphaseHbridge?
A:Yes,oreachphaseHbridgenominal2.5Adrivecapability.Alsopayattentiontothechipoperationjunctiontemperature
mustnotexceed150C.
Q9,Q:needA3977peripheraldevices?
A:
Rs1andRs2,twoPWMconstantcurrentcontrolforthecurrentsamplingresistor,thisresistorshouldbeusedinnoninductive
resistor.TheresistancecalculationRefertothefollowingequation:
Rs=0.5/Itripmax
Underthepremiseofensuringtheperformance,minimizeRsistoreduceenergyconsumption,improvethermalconditions.
Samplingresistorshouldbeplacedinparallelwitha0.1uFnonpolarceramiccapacitors
A0.22uFpolarityceramiccapacitormustbeconnectedbetweenCP1andCP2foot
3,Vregfeetandgroundshouldbeconnectedbetweena0.22uFnonpolarceramiccapacitors
4,thelogicsupply(Vdd)suggestedthatthePromiseofceramiccapacitorsof0.1?Fdecoupling
5,motordrivepowersupplyisrecommendedplus47?Felectrolyticcapacitordecoupling,consideringchoppingfrequency,but
alsothePromiseofa0.1?Fceramiccapacitorinparallel
PFDsidethenrespondtoa0.1uFpolarityceramiccapacitors.

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Q10,Q:thePCBwiringshouldpayattentiontowhattheproblemis?
A:Thesamplingresistorshouldbeascloseaspossibletothechip,thegroundterminalthroughaseparatepathtoconnectthe
groundterminalofthechip.Thegroundshouldbeasthickaspossible.Onthemotordrivepowersupplydecouplingelectrolytic
capacitorshouldbeascloseaspossibletothechip.
Q11,Q:TheA3977issuppliedinthecontrolmodeconstantcurrentcontrolorconstantpressurecontrol?
A:constantcurrentcontrol.Chippulsewidthmodulationconstantcurrentchoppercircuittocontrolthemotorwinding
current,therelevantsectionoftheexternalresistancecapacitancecircuitissetinthechoppercycletime.
Q12,Q:circuitboardsrequiremuchareadepositiontobeabletoensurethatalargecurrentminimumloss?
A:atleasttwiceasbigasyouwanttochippackagingarea.TakeintoaccountmorefactorsshouldrefertoPackageThermal
CharacteristicsAllegrowebsite.
Q13,Q:Whatskillsdidnotreducethechip'spower?
A:TheexternaldrivebetweenpowerandgroundattheoutputrelativelowSchottkyclampdiodeforwardvoltagedrop,youcan
reducethepowerconsumptionofthechipitself.Canalsoinstalltheradiator,buttheefficiencyisnothigh.Note:Iftheexternal
clampdiodemustbeprohibitedSRfunctiontoanexternaldiodetoplaythebiggestrole.Formoreinformation,pleasereferto
thetheallegrowebsitePowerDriveCircuits.
Q14,Q:Isthereexternaldiodeapplicationnote?
A:No,thisapplicationnote.EachoutputterminalmustbeconnectedbetweenVBBaSchottkydiode(diodecathodeconnected
toVBB),andalsoaconnectionbetweenaSchottkydiode(diodepositiveground,donotconnecttotheSENSEinput).When
usingthefullstepmodeorPFDissettoalloftheslowdecay,fourdiodesconnectedtotheVBBeliminatingtheneedforthemto
reducethepowerconsumptionofthesystemdoesnotwork.
Q15,Q:ItisnotrecommendedbytheSchottkydiodemodel?
A:Weusuallydonotrecommendaspecificmodel,thewithstandvoltageandcurrentsuitableproductcanbeselectedaccording
totheactualapplications.
Q16,Q:CanA3977usedinportabledevices?
A:Ofcourse.A3977sleepfunction,cangreatlyreducepowerconsumptionwhennotworking.Inthesleepstate,thechip
consumesonly20?Acurrent.Thelogicsupplyrangeof3.0Vto5.5Vandcanbeadaptedtomostofthebatterypowered
products.
Q17,Q:Whenrunningthepossibilityofchangingthenumberofsegments?
A:Yes,youcan.Aslongasthetimingrequirementscanbereached.Thelownumberofsegmentsfromthehighnumberof
segmentstochangecurrentvalueatthetime,totheinitialvalue(HOMEsideoutputislow).Incontrast,thechangefromthe
lownumberofsegmentsforthehighnumberofsegments(suchassubdivisiontofoursegments),thefoursegmentsruntwo
stepswillreachtwosegmentsofthesameoutputcurrent(seespecificdatamanualtable2),theencoderNexttimewillnot
changethecurrentvalue,thenthenextstepwhenthedirectoutputcurrentinthetwosubtable.
Ifyouwanttokeepthemotoruniform,changethenumberofsegmentsfromhighbrokendowntoalowbreakdownsteppulse
correspondingmultiplierof2,4or8.Thecurrentvaluejustchangedforalowbreakdownvalue(seespecificdatamanual
Table2,twosubmodel,thecurrentvalueinarowonthesametime,suchastheeightsub#5andstep#1).
Correspondingly,Ifyouwanttokeepthemotorconstantspeedinthechangeofthenumberofsegments,fromlowsubdivision
tohighsubdivided,thestepperpulsecorrespondingtothedivideby2,4or8.Fromhighwhenbrokendownintoalow
breakdowncurrentoutputcurrentinthelowsegmentstabledoesnotexist,thenthedecoderinthenextstepwilljumptothe
nextstepoflowsegments,butdoesnotactuallychangethecurrentvalue,stepinput,thechipwillactuallyoutputthecurrent
lowtablesegments.Forexample,changedfromeightbreakdownofthesecondsteptofullstep,thenenterthenextsteppulse
whentheoutputcurrentisconstant.Thenenterastepperpulse,thecurrentvaluewilljumpdirectlytothethirdstepofthestep.
Effectisequivalenttothemotorlaiddowneightbrokendownatthestep.
Q18,Q:Thecurrentdecaymodeishowtoautomaticallyselect?
A:canA3977automaticallysetwhenthecurrentdecaymode.Whenthethenextoutputcurrentthanthecurrent,thecurrent
decaymode(controlledbythePFDendfast/slowdecaytimeoftherespectiveproportions)mixeddecay.Whenthenextoutput
currentthanthecurrent,thecurrentdecaymodetoaslowdecay.Chippoweronreset,thetwobridgesaremixeddecaymode.

1Introduction
Withtheincreasinglywidespreadapplicationofmicrosteppingmotordrivecircuitdevelopmentisquiterapid,moreandmore
richfeaturesofvarioustypesofcontrolchip,operatingmoreandmoreaccessible.A3977isanewlydeveloped,specificallyfor
bipolarsteppermotormicrosteppingmotordriverintegratedcircuit,theinternalintegrationofthestepperanddirectdecoder
interface,Reversiblecontrolcircuit,dualHbridgedriver,thecurrentOutput2.5A,maximumoutputpowercloseto90W.Its
maindesignfeaturesinclude:automaticmixedmodecurrentdecaycontrol,PWMcurrentcontrol,synchronousrectification
DMOSpoweroutputofthelowoutputimpedance,full,half,1/4and1/8stepoperation,theHOMEoutputSleepmode,andeasy
toimplementstepanddirectioninterface.Applicationcircuitstructureissimple,easytouseandcontrol,hasaverywiderange
ofapplicationvalue.
2A3977Features
Mostmicrosteppingmotordriverneedsomeextracontrollines,setthereferencevalueandthecompletionofthecurrentphase
inputpolaritycontrolthroughtheD/AconverterPWMcurrentregulator.Manyofthemodifieddrivestillneedssomeinputto
adjustthePWMcurrentcontrolmodetomakeitworkinslow,fast,ormixeddecaymode.Thisrequiresthesystem

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microprocessor8to12additionalburdensneedtorelyontheinputterminaloftheD/Aconversionprocessing.Ifasystem
requiressomuchcontrolinput,andthechronologyofitsmicroprocessoralsostoresitscontrol,whichincreasesthecostand
complexityofthesystem.
A3977canthroughitspeculiardecodertoenablethesefunctionstoachievesimplification,asshowninFigure1,themost
simplesteppersimply"STEP"(stepper),and"DIR"(direction)2inputlinesoutputDMOSdualHbridgeiscompleted.STEPfeet
simpleinputofapulsemotorcompleteastepper,eliminatingthephasesequencetables,highfrequencycontrollinesand
complexprogramminginterface.Thismakesitmoresuitableforapplicationswherenocomplexmicroprocessoror
microprocessoroverburdened.A3977internalcircuitcanautomaticallycontrolthePWMoperationinfast,slowandmixed
decaymode.Thisnotonlyreducesthenoisegeneratedwhenthemotorwork,andalsoeliminatestheneedforadditional
controllines.
Inaddition,thelowoutputimpedanceoftheinternalNchannelpowerDMOSoutputstructure,canmakeitoutputreached
2.5A,35V.Anotheradvantageofthisstructureisthatitcancompletethesynchronizationrectification.Duetothesynchronous
rectificationflowfunction,itisnecessarytoreducethepowerconsumptionofthesystem,butalsointheapplication,
eliminatingtheneedforexternalSchottkydiode.
A3977sleepfunctionallowsthepowerconsumptionwhenthesystemisnotworkingtoaminimum.Sleepwhenmostofthe
internalcircuitryofthechip,theoutputDMOScomparatorandchargepump,andsowillstopworking.,Includingthemotor
drivecurrenttotalcurrentconsumptionoflessthan40?Ainsleepmode.Inaddition,theinternalprotectioncircuittoachieve
thermalhysteresisParking,lowvoltageshutdownandconverterprotection.
Themainfeaturesoftheintegratedcircuit:
(1)Ratedoutput:2.5A,35V.
(2)lowoutputimpedance,thesource0.45?,thereceivingend0.36?.
(3)Automaticcurrentdecaydetectedandselectedmixedfastandslowcurrentdecaymodes.
(4)logiclevelrangeto3.0to5.5V.
(5)Homeoutput.
(6)synchronousrectificationtoreducepowerconsumption.
(7)Internallowvoltageshutdown,thehotparkingcircuitandCirculationprotection.
3A3977PinDescription
A3977Therearetwopackages:an44pinthecopperstandardplastic(suffixforEDA3977SED),theotheristhe28pinPlastic
withathermalpad(suffixtheLP,A3977SLP),thepinfunctionsaredescribedshowninTable1.
ChargepumpCP1,CP2cangenerateagatelevelhigherthanVBB,isusedtodrivethegateoftheDMOSsourceend.Thisis
accomplishedbyCP1andCP2indirect0.22?Fceramiccapacitor.VCPandVBBalsoneeda0.22?Fceramiccapacitorasan
accumulator,usedtooperateDMOShighendequipment.
TheVREGisgeneratedinternallybythesystemusedtooperateonthetheDMOSdrainterminaloutput.TheVREGpinare
requiredtoadda0.22?Fceramiccapacitorasanaccumulator,usedtooperateDMOShighendequipment.
TheVREGisgeneratedinternallybythesystemusedtooperateonthetheDMOSdrainterminaloutput.VREGpinisrequired
toadda0.22?Fdecouplingcapacitor.TheVREGistoitsoutputlevelbytheinternalregulatorcontrol,failureisprohibited.
RC1andRC2pinfortheinternalPWMcircuitprovidesafixeddeadline.TheA3977internalPWMcontrolcircuittocontrolthe
devicewithapulsedeadline.Pulse84cutofftimetoffisdeterminedbytheRC1andRC2isconnectedtoresistorRTand
capacitorCT,namely:
toff=RTCT
WheretheresistorRTandcapacitorCTrangesfrom12to100kWand470to500pF>
InadditiontothecutofftimefortheinternalPWMcontrol,CTcomparatorofftimethetBLANK.TheA3977design
requirementswhenitsoutputisswitchedbytheinternalcurrentcontrolcircuit,thecircuitsamplingtheoutputofthe
comparatorisprohibited.Therebypreventingtheovercurrentdetectiontomakeamisjudgment.ThevalueoftBLANK:
tBLANK=1400CT
ENABLEinputisactivelow,itistheDMOSoutputenablecontrolsignal.RESETinputisactivelow,whenitislow,theDMOS
outputwillbeshutdown,allsteppinglogicinputwillbeignoreduntiltheinputgoeshighsofar.
4basicfunctionsandapplicationcircuit
Asaresultofthebuiltindecodertechnology,canA3977iseasytouseatleastthelineofcontroltheimplementationofmicro
steppingsteppermotorcontrol.Thespecificfunctionsareasfollows:
(1)stepcontrol:steppercontrolsignaltheSTEPinput(STEP),thesteppingmodelogicinputs(MS1,MS2)anddirectioncontrol
signal(DIR).Everypoweruporreset(RESET=0),theroleofthebuiltindecoderHbridgeoutputpresettheHOMEinput
correspondingtotheoutputstate,andthenwhentherisingedgeoftheSTEPinput,builtindecodingwillbebasedonthe
stepperlogicinputvalues??(steppingmodeTable2)controltheoutputoftheHbridge,asteppermotorcurrentsteppingmode.
ThedirectionofthestepperbyDIRinputlogiccontrol,highandlow,respectively,controlthetwophasemotorreversing.
Note:(1)fullstepangleturned45.
(2)TheinternalPWMcurrentcontrol:eachaHbridgehasafixedcutofftimeofthePWMcurrentcontrolcircuittolimitthe
loadcurrentatadesignvalue.Initially,apairofdiagonalsourcereceivingDMOS(apairofupperandlowerbridgearm)inthe
outputstate,acurrentsamplingresistorconnectedinthecurrentflowingthroughthemotorwindingsandSENCEfoot(see
Figure1).WhenthevoltagedropacrosstheshuntresistorisequaltoD/Aoutputvoltage,currentsamplingcomparatorPWM
latchisreset,turningoffthesourcedrive(leg),slowdecaymodereceivingoroffsourcedrive(upperandlowerleg)intothefast
ormixeddecaymode,sothattogeneratecirculationorcurrentbacktothesourceend.Thecirculationorreturntoafixedcut
offuntiltheendoftimewillcontinuetodecay.Thencorrectoutputlegisstartedagain,themotorwindingcurrentincreases
again,theoverallPWMcycleiscompleted.
Amongthem,themaximumcurrentlimitImaxcontrolledbysamplingresistorRSandcurrentsamplingcomparatorinputlevel
VREF:

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ThetheImax=VREF/8RSfixedcutoffthetimetoffcalculatedasdescribedabove.
(3)currentdecaymodecontrol:A3977automaticallydetectsthecurrentdecayandselectsthecurrentdecaymodefunction,to
givemicrosteppingthebestsinusoidalcurrentoutput.CurrentdecaymodeiscontrolledbythePFDinput,theinputlevelofthe
levelofcontroltheoutputcurrentisslow,fastandmixeddecaymode.IfthePFDinputvoltageisabove0.6VDDselecttheslow
decaymode.IfthePFDinputvoltageisbelow0.21VDDselectthefastdecaymode.InthethePFDlevelvaluebetweenmixed
decaymodewillbeselected.
MixeddecaymodeforafixedcutofftimeofthePWMcycleisdividedintofastandslowtwoattenuatingportion.Whenthe
currentreachesthemaximumcurrentlimitImax,thesystemwillenterthefastdecaymodeuntilthethesamplingvoltage
attenuationSENCEtothethePFDterminalvoltageVPFD.AftertheTFD'sfastattenuation,thedevicewillswitchtotheslow
decaymodeuntiltheendofthefixedcutofftime.
WhichthedeviceoperatesinfastdecaymodetFD:
tFD=RTCrln(0.6VPFD/VPFD)
(4)synchronousrectificationcontrol:synchronousrectificationcontrolbytheSRlogicinputcontrol.WhentheSRinputis
low,thesynchronousrectificationfeaturewillbeactivated.Thisperiod,whenthedetectedcurrentiszerovalue,byturningoff
thesynchronousrectifierfunctiontopreventreverseloadcurrent,thuspreventingtheoppositedirectionofthemotorwinding
conduction.WhentheSRinputishigh,thesynchronousrectificationwillbebanned.
(5)Sleepmode:WhentheSLEEPpininputislow,thedevicewillentersleepmode,therebygreatlyreducingthepower
consumptionofthedeviceisidle.ThedeviceintosleepmodeaftermostoftheinternalcircuitryincludingtheDMOSoutput
circuit,regulatorandchargepumpandsowillstopworking.Restorethesystemtonormaloperatingstatusandthedevice
whentheinputishigh,theoutputispresettotheHOMEstate.
(6)TypicalApplicationCircuit:thetypicalapplicationcircuitisshowninFigure1,wecanseetheapplicationcircuitisvery
simple,onlyfivelogicinputscanbeintheirnormalworkinghours.
5ApplicationNotes
(1)PFDintroductionofendtoadda0.1FFdecouplingcapacitor.
(2)theclothwiringshouldbeathickstratum,thebestinthedevicearoundtheclothofthestar.
Preferably,(3)thechipissoldereddirectlytothecircuitboard.
(4)ofVBBagreaterthan47?Felectrolyticcapacitordecoupling(thecloserthebetterthechip).
(5)Inordertoensuretheoutputcurrentsamplingprecision,thebestsamplingresistorhasitsownseparategroundand
surroundingthedeviceisconnectedtothestarground
On,andleadsasshortaspossible.
(6)Whenthesystemfromsleepmodeaftertheexit,atleasttodelay1mscaninputstepcommandplentyoftime,soastodrive
theDMOSthechargepumpreset
Maincharacteristicsandapplication:
(1)Ratedoutput:2.5A,35V.
(2)lowoutputimpedance,thesource0.45?,thereceivingend0.36?.
(3)Automaticcurrentdecaydetectedandselectedmixedfastandslowcurrentdecaymodes.
(4)logiclevelrangeto3.0to5.5V.
(5)Homeoutput.
(6)synchronousrectificationtoreducepowerconsumption.
(7)Internallowvoltageshutdown,thehotparkingcircuitandCirculationprotection.

A3977
DMOSdriverwithmicrostepconverter
Feature
2.5A35Voutputrate
LowRDS(ON)outputs(typically0.45ohmssource,0.36theEuropeansinkcurrent)
Selfdrivencurrentdecaymodedetection/selection
3.0to5.5Vlogicsupplyvoltagerange
MixedCurrentfastandslowdecaymode
Autoorientedoutput
Synchronousrectificationforlowpowerdissipation
Aninternalundervoltagelockout(UVLO)andthermalshutdowncircuitry
Crossovercurrentprotection
Description
TheA3977SEDA3977SLPtwocompletemicrosteppingmotordriverwithbuiltinconverter.Bothoperatebipolarstepper
motorsinwhole,1/2,1/4and1/8stepmodes,withoutputdrivecapabilityof35Vand2.5amperes.A3977includesafixed
offtimecurrentregulator,theregulatorcanbelow,fastormixeddecaymodes.Thiscurrentdecaycontrolschemeresultsin
reducedaudiblemotornoise,increasedstepaccuracy,andreducedpowerdissipation.
TheconverteristhekeytotheeasyimplementationoftheA3977.BysimplyinputtingonepulseontheSTEPinput,themotor
willproduceastep(full,1/2,1/4or1/8steps,inaccordancewiththesituationofthetwologicinputsmaybe).Theprogramno
phasesequencetables,highfrequencycontrollines,orcomplexinterfaces.A3977interfaceisverysuitableforcomplex?Pis
unavailableoroverburdened.

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Internalsynchronousrectificationcontrolcircuitryisprovidedtoimprovethepulsewidthmodulation(PWM)power
dissipationduringoperation.
Internalcircuitprotectionincludesoverheatshutdownwithhysteresis,undervoltagelockout(UVLO)andcrossovercurrent
protection.Nospecialpowerupsequencing.
TheA3977issuppliedin44pinplasticPLCCtwopowerpackages,withacopperbatwingtabwithexposedthermalpad(suffix
LP)thin(<1.2mm)28pinTSSOP.TheSLPpackageislead(Pb)free,with100%mattetinleadframe.
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