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EE 324: Communication Systems

Dr. Himal A. Suraweera

Lecture 4
Suppressed Sideband Amplitude Modulation
Single sideband modulation
Vestigial sideband modulation
Recall that AM is wasteful of both transmission bandwidth
and power while DSB-SC wastes bandwidth.
In DSB-SC modulation upper and lower sidebands are
uniquely related by symmetry.
Hence transmission bandwidth can be cut half by
suppressing one sideband along with the carrier!

Figure 1: SSB signal generation using DSB-SC and


filtering
(Adapted from A. Bruce Carlson, Communication Systems,
4th edition)

Figure 2: Spectrum of AM and SSB signals


First, the DSB-SC signal is given by

which has the following frequency content:

Next the filter chooses the desired sideband.


For example, upper side band SSB modulation uses a highpass filter:

while the lower sideband SSB modulation uses a low-pass


filter:

Time domain description


(single tone case)
Suppose the message signal is given by

Then DSB-SC signal is given by

In the frequency domain we have

Frequency spectrum of

Also we have
USSB

LSSB

and

+ for LSSB and for USSB


Base-band versus Pass-band
Base-band: Baseband transmission sends information
without modulation (no frequency shifting carrier is not
involved)
Pass-band : A Radio frequency (RF) carrier frequency is
involved (the baseband signal to be transmitted is shifted in
frequency to a higher frequency.
Quadrature-Carrier Description of the SSB Signal

where

is the inphase component


is the quadrature component

If the message signal is m(t) we can write

(+ for LSSB and for USSB) where


transform of m(t).

is the Hilbert

As an example, using a frequency domain analysis, we


can show that

gives USSB
The Fourier transform of

where

and

Now using the relationship

We can write

can be calculated from:

Therefore, combining above result with the result for


we can write:

Hilbert Transform
Fourier transform is useful to evaluate the frequency
content of a signal
As such it provides the mathematical basis for
separating signals using frequency-selective filters
Another way is to consider phase selectivity (e.g.
phase shift by 180 or +/-90 degrees)
When phase angles of all components of a given signal
are shifted by +/- 90 degrees, the resulting function of
time is identified as the Hilbert transformation of the
signal
Mathematically, Hilbert transform is defined by

and the inverse Hilbert transform is given by

We see that Hilbert transform is the convolution of m(t)


with the time function

Since the Fourier transform of


that Fourier transform of

is

it follows

is given by

(why? time domain convolution = frequency domain


multiplication)

Signum function (sgn(x)):

Figure 3: Signum function


Therefore, the Hilbert transform of a signal can be
obtained:
By the passing the orignal signal m(t) through linear
two-port device
This device produces
A phase shift of -90 degrees for all positive frequencies
A phase shift of +90 degrees for all negative
frequencies
Amplitudes of all frequency components in the signal
m(t) are unaffected
Properties of the Hilbert Transform
1. A signal m(t) and its Hilbert transform
magnitude spectrum

have the same

2. A signal m(t) and its Hilbert transform


orthogonal over the time interval

3. The Hilbert Transform of


Signal

are
that is

is
Hilbert Tranform

Table1: Some Hilbert Transforms

References
[1] Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition
[2] A. Bruce Carlson, Communication Systems, 4th Edition

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