DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Power

System Protection
Laboratory
Experiment

(Phase Unbalance and

Undervoltage
Protection of a ThreePhase Induction
Motor)

1. Important

Safety

Notes

The following points are very important and critical for your safety in this lab. You will
be working in live high voltage and must be very cautious.

All students must wear enclosed shoes in the lab.

Leave you bags at a corner. Do not leave them on top or below the benches.
Never be late for a lab; otherwise you will miss the important information given by
the lab supervisors at the beginning of the lab session.

Never energise a circuit before it is checked by the lab supervisor. It is only the lab
supervisor who can energise a circuit.

Never leave unused cables and wires on the bench. Never energise a circuit if there
are unused cables around.

Always use wires with proper length (not too short and not too long).
Never use a junction between two short wires to increase its length. Use a cable with
an appropriate length.

On completion of a test, the circuit should be properly switched off and checked by
the lab supervisor.

In case of an emergency (fire, safety, electrification,) dont panic! Immediately

push the red safety push button on the wall and then immediately dial 0000 from the
phone of the wall. Keep in mind you are in 206.203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

2.

EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVE

When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with restricted
earth fault protection of threephase power transformers.

3.PROCEDURE SUMMARY
In the first part of the exercise, you will set up the equipment
Workstation and the Protective Relaying Control Station.

in the EMS

In the second part of the exercise, you will connect the equipment as shown in Figure 1.
In this circuit, a threephase induction motor is protected against phase unbalance and
undervoltage using a phase balance/sequence relay and a threephase undervoltage
relay. Under normal operating conditions, the output relay of each protective relay is
energized (the normallyclose contact is opened).
When a severe phase unbalance occurs (more than 10%), the phase balance/sequence
relay trips (its output relay is "deenergized") after its internal time delay has elapsed.
This initiates a trip current in control relay CR1. Contact CR1C closes to memorize the
fault and light up the corresponding reset button. Contact CR1B opens to open
contactor CR1, thereby disconnecting the induction motor from the power source.
When a severe undervoltage occurs (more than 20%), the undervoltage relay trips (its
output relay is "deenergized"). This energizes time delay relay TD2. Once the time delay
has elapsed, a trip current is initiated in control relay CR2. Contact CR2C closes to
memorize the fault and light up the corresponding reset button. Contact CR2B opens to
open contactor CR1, thereby disconnecting the induction motor from the power source.
With the phase unbalance and undervoltage protection disabled, you will observe the
operation of the two protective relays when either phase unbalance, undervoltage or
phase loss occurs. You will then enable the protection system and observe its operation
in each of the abnormal situations mentioned above.

4.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

Power Supply

Voltage transformers

AC Ammeter,

AC Voltmeter

Phase Balance/Sequence Relay

ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay

FourPole SquirrelCage Induction Motor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Transmission Grid "A"

5.

PROCEDURE

CAUTION!
High voltages are present in this laboratory exercise! Do not make or modify any banana jack
connections with the power on unless otherwise specified!

5.1.

SETTING UP THE EQUIPMENTS

5.1.1 Ensure that the Protective Relaying Control Station is connected to a threephase
power source.

5.1.2 Make sure the DC Power Supply of the Protective Relaying Control Station is turned
off.

5.1.3 Make sure the Power Supply is turned off and its voltage control knob is set to the
0 position.
Connect the Power Supply to one of the threephase power outlets on the back
panel of the Protective Relaying Control Station.

6. Phase Unbalance and Undervoltage Protection of a

ThreePhase Induction Motor
6.1 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 1.
6.2 Make the following settings: On Transmission Grid "A"

Switches S1 and S2 ........................... 0 (open) Switch

S4
..................................... I (close)

6.3

Set the voltage unbalance setpoint and time

Balance/Sequence Relay to 15% and 5 s, respectively.

6.4

On the ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay, set the undervoltage setpoint and
hysteresis (diff. setting) to 90% and minimum ( 1%), respectively. This set the
undervoltage setpoint to 90% of the nominal motor voltage.

6.5

On the ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay, set the overvoltage setpoint and
hysteresis (dill. setting) to 125% and minimum ( 1%), respectively.

delay

of

the

Phase

Note: The overvoltage relay is not used in this exercise. These settings will prevent operation of
the overvo/tage relay (energization or "deenergization" of its output relay) during the exercise.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

6.6

On Control Relays 2 of the Protective Relaying Control Station, set the time delays of
control relays TD1 and TD2 to approximately 0.1(minimum) sand 10 s, respectively.

Note: Access to the time delay adjustment knobs of control relays TO1 and TD2 is through a panel
on top of the Protective Relaying Control Station.

6.7

Turn on the DC Power Supply of the Protective Relaying Control Station.

6.8

On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S3 to the 0 (open) position to open contactor
CR3. This will prevent operation of the phase unbalance and undervoltage protection
system.

6.9

Turn on the Power Supply. Slowly set the voltage control knob so that the linetoline
voltage (indicated by the voltmeters) is equal to the motor nominal voltage. While
doing this, observe the relay energization indicators (red LED) on the Phase
Balance/Sequence Relay and the ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay.

Note: The rating of the induction motor (nominal voltage, frequency, fullload current, power,
speed, etc) is indicated in RATING on the front panel of the FourPole SquirrelCage Induction
Motor.

Are the output relays of the Phase Balance/Sequence Relay and Three Phase Under/Over
Voltage Relay energized? Briefly explain why.

Yes

No

Note: The relay energization indicator (red LED) on the Phase Balance/Sequence Relay and Three
Phase Under/Over Voltage Relay lights up when the output relay is energized

6.10 On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S2 to the I (close) position to start the induction
motor.

6.11 On the Power Supply, slowly turn the voltage control knob counterclockwise to
reduce the supply voltages until the ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay trips.
Record the supply voltages in the following blank spaces.
E1

E2

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

E3

Did the ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay trip when the supply voltages fall below
approximately 90% of the motor nominal voltage?

Yes

No

Note: The relay energization indicator (red LED) on the Phase Balance/Sequence Relay and Three
Phase Under/Over Voltage Relay lights up when the output relay is energized

6.12 On the Power Supply, set the voltage control knob so that the linetoline voltage is
equal to the motor nominal voltage.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Figure 1. Connection diagram of the equipment in the EMS Workstation and Protective Relaying
Control Station.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

6.13 On Transmission Grid "A", set the switch S4 to the 0 (open) position to open
contactor CR4. This opens one of the supply voltage lines to the motor.
Record the supply voltages:
E1

E2

E3

Are the output relays of the Phase Balance/Sequence Relay and Three Phase
Under/Over Voltage Relay energized?

Yes

No

6.14 On Transmission Grid "A", set the switch S4 to the I (close) position to close
contactor C R4 and return to normal operating conditions.
Describe what happens when one of the supply voltages is lost.

6.15 On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S3 to the I (close) position to close contactor
CR3. This will allow operation of the phase unbalance and undervoltage protection
system.

6.16 On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S2 to the I (close) position to start the induction
motor.

6.17 On the Power Supply, slowly turn the voltage control knob counterclockwise to
reduce the supply voltages to approximately 75% of the motor nominal voltage.
While doing this, observe the relay energization indicators on the Phase
Balance/Sequence Relay and ThreePhase Under/Over Voltage Relay
Describe what has happened.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Is efficient protection against undervoltage provided?

Yes

No

6.18 On the Power Supply, set the voltage control knob so that the linetoline voltage is
equal to the motor nominal voltage.

6.19 On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S2 to the 0 (open) position to reset the phase
unbalance and undervoltage protection system.

6.20 On Transmission Grid "A", set switch S2 to the I (close) position to start the induction
motor.

6.21 On Transmission Grid "A", set the switch S4 to the 0 (open) position to open
contactor CR4. This opens one of the supply voltage lines to the motor. Observe the
supply voltages on the voltmeters and the relay energization indicators on the Phase
Balance/Sequence Relay and Three Phase Under/Over Voltage Relay.
Describe what has happened.

Is efficient protection against phase unbalance provided?

Yes

No

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

6.22 Turn off the Power Supply.

6.23 Turn off the DC Power Supply of the Protective Relaying
Control Station. Remove all leads and cables.

END OF EXPERIMENT