Republic of the Philippines

Department Of Education
Region VI- Western Visayas
Aguiauan Elementary School
Aguiauan,Miagao,Iloilo

Structure of the Earth

The structure of the Earth is divided into layers. These layers are both
physically and chemically different. The Earth has an outer solid crust, a
highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core.The shape of
the earth is an oblate spheroid, because it is slightly flattened at the poles
and bulging at the equator.

The Core- The core is made of solid iron and nickel, and is about 5000
6000oC.

Inner Core-is the center and hottest of the Earth.

It is made up of dense iron and nickel about 1170 km thick.
The temperature in the inner core is about 6600 degrees C, it does not melt
because pressure from the layers above causes the particles of iron and
nickel to be tightly pack.
Outer Core- it is made up of liquid iron and nickel about 2300 km thick
surrounds the inner core.
It is very hot (4400 to 5000+ degrees C). This is so hot that the iron and
nickel metals are liquid.
The outer core is very important to earth as it creates something called a
magnetic field.

The magnetic field the outer core creates goes way out into space and
makes a protective barrier around the earth that shields us from the sun's
damaging solar wind.

The Mantle-is the largest layer of the earth.

is a layer between the crust and outer core.
The mantle is much thicker than the crust at almost 2900 km deep.
It's made up of slightly different silicate rocks with more magnesium and
iron.

The mantle itself is divided into layers:

The uppermost part of the mantle is solid, and forms the base of the crust. It
is made of the heavy rock peridotite. The continental and oceanic plates
include both the crust proper and this uppermost solid layer of the mantle.
Together this mass makes up the lithosphere. The lithosphere plates float
on the semi-liquid asthenosphere below.
Upper asthenosphere: magma
Lower asthenosphere
Lower mantle

The Crust- it lies above the mantle and forms the outermost layer of the
Earth.
It is in the crust that all living things are found.
It is made up of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
The crust consists of two distinct parts:
continental crust-The crust beneath the continents.
oceanic crust- while the crust beneath the oceans.
The crust varies from around 5 km thick (in the ocean floor) to around 70 km
thick (on land where we live called the continental crust).

References:
A. Documents:
Coronel C. Carmelita, Mingao R. Thelma Ph. D et, al(2006) Vibal
Publishing House,Inc.
Ducksters.(2016)Retrieved from:
http://www.ducksters.com/science/composition_of_the_earth.php
Retrieved from: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth
B. Pictures:
Retrieved from:http://mcleankids.wikifoundry.com/page/Earth's+Structure
Retrieved from:
http://study.com/academy/lesson/earths-mantle-definition-facts-quiz.html
Retrieved from: http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/thinnestlayer-earth/