Pre-stressed Concrete

Amit Sharma

DEFINITION
A pre-stressed concrete member is a member of concrete in which
internal stresses are introduced in a planned manner so that the
stresses resulting from the superimposed loads are counteracted to
a desired degree.
..\..\Videos\PSC Videos\Prestressed Concrete Concept.mp4
..\..\Videos\PSC Videos\Prestressed Concrete.mp4

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Understanding Of Pre-stressing

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Understanding Of Pre-stressing

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Concentric Tendon With External Loading

Large Compression

OR
+

Cross Stress due to Stress

Section Pre-stressing From DL

_
T
Small Compression or No Tension
Stress
Resultant
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From LL
Stress

Eccentric Tendon With External Loading

Smaller Compression
+

+
Small Compression

Cross
Section

Stress due to
Pre-stressing

Stress
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SharmaDL
From

Stress
From LL

Resultant
Stress

Stress In Concrete When Pre-stressing Is Applied At The C.G. Of The Section

+

+
+

Stress due to
Pre-stressing

Stress due to
External loading

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Resultant
Stress

Section Modulus
I = Moment of inertia of the section

y = Distance from centroid to top or bottom edge of the section.

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Stress In Concrete When Applied Pre-stressing Is Eccentric In Nature

e
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NUMERICAL - I
An un-symmetrical I-section beam is used to support an imposed load of
2 KN/m over a span of 8.0 m.
The sectional details are mentioned below:

Top
Flange :
Bottom Flange :

300 mm wide & 60 mm thick

100 mm wide & 60 mm thick

The web is 80 mm thick and overall depth of the beam is 400 mm.
At the centre of the span, the effective pre-stressing force of 100 KN is
located at 50 mm from the soffit of the beam.
Estimate the stresses at the center of span section of the beam for the
following load conditions.
(i) Pre-stressed + Self Weight
(ii) Pre-stressed + Self Weight + Live Load
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Amit Sharma

SOLUTION
300 mm
A1 = 300 x 60 = 18000 mm2
A2 = 80 ( 400 -120 )= 22400 mm2

60

A1

A3 = 60 x 100 = 6000 mm2

80 mm

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60

A2

50

= 466400 mm2

400 mm

A = A1 + A 2 + A 3

A3

100 mm

=
( from top )
= 156 mm

156 mm

244 mm

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+
300

80

100 x

300 x 60

+ 80 x 280
+

100 x 60

= 75.74 x 107 mm4

= 75.8 x 107 mm4

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Zt

Zb

e=

3.11 x 106 mm3 = 31.1 x 105 mm3

244 50 = 194 mm

ft =

fb

= 4.86 x 106 mm3 = 48.6 x 105 mm3

e
=

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Calculation of MD , ML & M
Dead Load =

24 x

46400

10-6

= 1.113 KN /m

Unit Weight of PCC = 24 KN / m3

MD

= 8.904 KNm

ML

= 16 KNm

M=

MD + ML

= 24.904 KNm

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Case a: Pre-stressed + Self Weight

ft

fb

2.155

3.99

1.832

- 0.003 N / mm2
-

+
2.155

+ 5.53 N / mm2

6.2379
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2.863

Case b: Pre-stressed + Self Weight + Live Load

ft

2.155

fb

3.99

5.124

+ 3.289 N / mm2
=

+
2.155

+ 0.386 N / mm2

6.2379
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8.007

e
T= P = C

C- Line

C=P

T=P
P- Line

a = e + e

M=C a = Ta =Pa

e = a - e

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Pressure Line Method / C-Line Method / Strength Concept Method

C=P

T=P
a = e + e

M=C a = Ta =Pa

e = a - e

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Pressure Line Method / C-Line Method / Strength Concept Method

The resultant stresses at top and bottom fibres of the section are given by:

ft

fb

where Zt and Zb are the section modulus of the top & bottom fibres respectively.

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NUMERICAL - II
A pre-stressed concrete beam of section 120 mm wide and 300
mm deep is used over an effective span of 6 m to support a
uniformly distributed load of 4 KN/m, which includes the selfweight of the beam. The beam is pre-stressed by a straight cable
carrying a force of 180 KN and located at an eccentricity of 50
mm. Determine the location of the thrust line in the beam and
plot its position at quarter and central span sections.
P = 180 KN
e = 50 mm
A = 120 x 300 = 36000 mm2 = 36 x 103 mm2

= 27 x 107 mm4

18 KNm

= 150
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mm

For Centre Span

a=

= 0.1 m = 100 mm

Zt = Zb =
ft

fb

e = a e = 100 50 = 50 mm
= 18 x 105 mm3
= 5 + 5 = 10 N / mm2

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5-5 =0

For Quarter Span

M =

a=

= 0.075 m = 75 mm

e = a e = 75 50 = 25 mm
=

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18

4.5

= 13.5

KNm

ft

= 5 + 2. 5 = 7.5 N/mm2

fb

= 5 - 2. 5 = 2.5 N/mm2

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Load Balancing Method

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w = 4 KN/meter

e = 50 mm
P = 180 KN

L=6m

= 18 KNm
P.e = 180 x 50
= 9 KNm

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Load Balancing Method

P

The moment at the centre due to

the uniform upward thrust wc is
given by the equation

PSin = wc

M=

M=
Pe

PCos

Pe
=

wc

=
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Load Balancing Method

w

wc

The net downward

loading on the beam is
therefore will be equal to
(w- wc) per unit run.

The upward pressure supplied by the

tendon will counteract a part
Amitparabolic
Sharma
of the external downward uniformly applied load.

NUMERICAL - III
w = 4 KN/m

e=100 mm

L = 10 m
A pre-stressed concrete beam supports an imposed load of 4 KN/m over
an effective span of 10 m. The beam has a rectangular section with a
width of 200 mm and depth of 600 mm. Find the effective pre-stressing
force in the cable if it is parabolic with an eccentricity of 100 mm at the
centre and zero at the ends, for the following conditions:
(a) If the bending effect of the pre-stressing force is nullified by the imposed
load for the mid-span section ( neglecting self weight of the beam ).
(b) If the resultant stress due to self weight, imposed load and pre-stressing
force is zero at the soffit of the beam
for the mid-span section.
Amit Sharma

SOLUTION
A = 200 mm x 600 mm = 12 x 104 mm2
Z=

w = 4 KN / m = w
c

e = 100 mm

= 12 x 106 mm3

Self weight of the beam =

0.2 x 0.6 x 24

= 2.88 KN/m

Case (a)
P.e =
P

=
50

0.1

=
=

50 KNm

500 KN
Case - (b)

Total Load on the beam = 2.88 + 4.00 = 6.88 KN / m

Bending Moment at the centre of the span = M =

= 86 KNm

Stress at the bottom fibre = 0

+

=0

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P = 430 KN