Una caldera consumede petrleo residual por hora su composicin qumica es la siguiente:

50
Base de Clc:
gal/h
Carbono %
83
Hidrogeno %
13.5
Oxigeno %
0.5
Azufre %
1
Nitrogeno %
1
Cenizas %
1
100
CO
5
CO2
94.9
C
0.1
densidad (d)
0.89
kg/li
1 galn (g)
3.785
li/gal
El 12% de carbono genera monoxido de carbono (CO)
Base de
El exceso de oxigeno es
=
0.25
datos

La temperatura del aire es

Ta =
25 C
Temperatura de los gases
Tc =
600 C
Diametro de chimenea
D=
0.55 m
Temperatura de la flama
Tf=
1500 F
Calcular el volumen de aire requerido
Composicin de los gases de combustin
Peso molecular aparente de los gases
Volumen de los gases de combustion
Velocidad de salida de los gases

Clculo

1 paso : determinar el peso del petrleo (W)

W=

168.43 kg/h

2 paso. Deteminar mol-kg de cada componente

C =

11.65 mol-kg

C 2=

CO

11.06 mol-kg

H =

11.37 mol-kg

C =

CO

0.58 mol-kg

O =

0.026 mol-kg

C =

N =

0.060 mol-kg

S=

0.05 mol-kg

3 paso :Aplicar las ecuaciones estequiometricas, clculo de oxigeno

C
11.06
C

H2

O2

CO2

11.06
+
0.58
+
11.37

0.5O2

11.06
CO

0.29
0,5 O2

0.58
H2O

5.68

11.37

0.012 mol-kg

+
0.053

O2

SO2

0.053

0.053

O2 (teorico)=

16.79 mol-kg

O2 (correg)=

16.77 mol-kg

O2 (exceso) =

4.19 mol-kg

O2(total) =

20.96 mol-kg

4 paso : Calculo del aire requerido

aire =

99.80 mol-kg

N =

78.84 mol-kg

Total =

78.90 mol-kg

Vaire =

2382.96 m3 / h

5 paso : Composicin de los gases de combustin

gases
CO2

mol-kg

H2O
CO
C
SO2
NO x
O2(exc)
N2 (TOTAL)

PM

kg

11.06
11.37
0.58
0.10

44
18
28
12

486.45
204.65
16.31
1.20

0.05

64

3.37
0.46

4.19

32

134.13

78.84
106.20

28

2207.61
3054.18

PM=

28.76

Vgas =

7606.84 m3/h

vgas=

2.11 m/ seg

Velocidad de salida de los gases de combustion

Q= A x v
v= Q/A
v= Q/(3.1416xR2)
v=
32017.53 m/h
v=
8.89 m/s

Calculo del NO x

NOx
T
=
5340
106

5,35

( )

( 100 +38 )

mg/h

mg/Nm3

15.927 486453833.342 63949.558268

6.700 204645487.500 26902.837701
0.534 16309880.417 2144.1081899
0.039
1200000.000 157.75283215
0.110
0.015

3368650.000 442.84506503
459194.224 60.365991165

4.392 134133467.142 17633.278607

72.282
100

Temperatura de flama

1500 F

Exceso de oxigeno

0.25
50

Galones de petroleo

C= 0.07064527 Lb Nox/10^6BTU
1 galon <>130000BTU
x
<> 10^6BTU
x=
7.69230769 galones
1 lb = 0,454 kg=454 g=
454000 mg
Caudal de NO x

127553.951 ug/s

0.0706452653
0.0091838845
0.4591942243
459194224.33
127553.9512

COMPARAR

Lb Nox/10^6BTU
lb/gal
kg/h
ug/h
ug/s

DATOS
FABRICA

FIGAE UNFV

TEMPERATURAS

COMBUSTIBLE
Tipo
Consumo
COMPOSICIN

C
K
TEMP. AMBIENTAL
18
291
TEMP. GASES
270
543
TEMP. FLAMA
500
773

150 Galones/hora

Elemento Porcentaje

Derivados

Carbono

80.0

CO
CO2

Hidrgeno
Oxigeno
Azufre
Nitrogeno
Cenizas
Exceso O2

12.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
3.5
0.3

Porcentaje
2.0
98.0

CALCULO DE MOL-Kg/hora
Elemento

BASE DE CALCULO

mol-Kg

nC

34.444

nH2
nO2
nS
nN2

30.999
0.323
0.161
0.277

Derivados
CO
CO2

mol-Kg
0.689
33.755

Elemento
O2 teorico
O2 teor-ajust
O2 exceso
O2 total

mol-Kg/hora
49.76
49.44
14.83
64.27

Consumo
Consumo

567.75
516.65

CALCULOS ESTEQUIOMETRICOS
Elemento
CO
CO2
H2O
SO2

mol-Kg/hora
0.689
33.755
30.999
0.161

Elemento
Aire
N2
N2 total

PORCENTAJE EN PESO DE LOS GASES EN CHIMENEA

Compuesto
CO
CO2
H2O
SO2
O2 exceso
N2
TOTAL

mol-Kg/hora
0.689
33.755
30.999
0.161
14.831
297.135
377.571

PM medio
28.78 mol
Compuesto
CO
CO2
H2O
SO2
O2 exceso
N2
TOTAL

Vol. (m3/s.)
0.009
0.418
0.384
0.002
0.184
3.677
4.673

PM
28
44
18
64
32
28

Kg/h
19.288
1485.204
557.985
10.333
474.597
8319.789
10867.195

Kg./m3.seg
4.13
317.84
119.41
2.21
441.38

Vol. Corr.
30.692
1503.899
1381.131
7.193
660.785
13238.521
16822.221

Vol. Gases a C.N.

8457.581 m3/hora

Vol. Gases corregido

16822.221 m3/hora

Vol. Gases a C.N.

2.349 m3/seg

Vol. Gases corregido

4.673 m3/seg

CONCENTRACIONES
Compuesto
CO
CO2
NOX
SO2
MP

Volumen
15.431
756.104
694.381
3.617
332.218
6655.831
8457.581

mg./m3.seg
4127760.3
317837541.8
119410208.2
2211300.2
441375510.2

ug/s

5357877.78
412556588.89
32340.67
2870291.67

Porcentaje
0.18
13.67
5.13
0.10
4.37
76.56
100.00

NOx
T
=
6
5340
10

5,35

( )

( 100 +38 )

Temperatura de flama

932 F

Exceso de oxigeno

0.30
150

Galones de petroleo

C=

0.0059777579 Lb Nox/10^6BTU

0.01315107

1 galon <>130000BTU
x
<> 10^6BTU
x=
7.6923076923 galones
1 lb = 0,454 kg=454 g=
Caudal de NO x

0.00077618

454000 mg

32340.6662804955 ug/s

0.1164264
116426399
32340.6663

F
64.4
518
932

ALCULO
lts/hora
Kg./hora

mol-Kg/hora
306.04
296.86
297.14

ug/s
5357877.78
412556588.89
154995750.00
2870291.67
131832496.25
2311052410.02

Lb Nox/10^6BTU
kg/gal
kg /h
ug/h
ug/s

TIPO A MUY INESTABLE

DATOS

VALORES DE ESTABILIDAD

Volumen

Vo

TOTAL

Altura

30.00

Velocidad viento

1.72

Carga contaminante

TOTAL

Temp. Gas
Temp. Atmosfera

To
Ti

200.00
25.00

Estabilidad

4.673

m /s

Iy

5.3570

Jy

0.8820

m/s

Ky

-0.0076

Iz

6.0350

Jz
Kz

2.1097
0.2770

2870291.67

ug/s

C
C

473 K
298 K

Muy inestable

CALCULO DE ALTURA EFECTIVA DE CHIMENEA

CALCULO
Fo
5.3957
CALCULO
Xf
140.5168 m
CALCULO
Heff
30.4443 m

0.1405 Km
0.0304 Km

CALCULO DE LAS DISTRIBUCIONES HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES

Km
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1

y
26.7310
50.2892
72.5357
93.9207
114.6625
134.8912
154.6935
174.1312
193.2506
212.0877
230.6715
249.0254
267.1692
285.1194
302.8903
320.4942
337.9420
355.2430
372.4058
389.4379
406.3461
423.1365
439.8147
456.3858
472.8544
489.2249
505.5011
521.6868
537.7853
553.7998
569.7332
585.5882
601.3675
617.0734
632.7082
648.2741
663.7731
679.2070
694.5778
709.8870
725.1364

z
14.0956
28.7052
49.2300
76.2843
110.5815
152.8707
203.9270
264.5491
335.5583
417.7988
512.1370
619.4621
740.6863
876.7445
1028.5950
1197.2193
1383.6224
1588.8331
1813.9038
2059.9111
2327.9555
2619.1620
2934.6800
3275.6834
3643.3710
4038.9663
4463.7181
4918.9002
5405.8118
5925.7777
6480.1480
7070.2990
7697.6327
8363.5772
9069.5870
9817.1426
10607.7514
11442.9473
12324.2910
13253.3702
14231.7997

C (ug/m3)
68.413
104.840
61.431
34.232
20.168
12.627
8.326
5.727
4.079
2.989
2.244
1.720
1.341
1.062
0.852
0.692
0.568
0.470
0.393
0.331
0.281
0.240
0.206
0.178
0.154
0.134
0.118
0.103
0.091
0.081
0.072
0.064
0.057
0.051
0.046
0.042
0.038
0.034
0.031
0.028
0.026

Isopletas

27.1821
40.0714
61.8324
92.3617
131.9675
181.2743
241.0688
312.2257
395.6758
492.3913
603.3794
729.6786
872.3571
1032.5122
1211.2694
1409.7824
1629.2332
1870.8319
2135.8170
2425.4555
2741.0427
3083.9027
3455.3887
3856.8826
4289.7955
4755.5682
5255.6706
5791.6025
6364.8935
6977.1032
7629.8216
8324.6687
9063.2955
9847.3832
10678.6443
11558.8222
12489.6914
13473.0581
14510.7597
15604.6657
16756.6774

-27.1821
-40.0714
-61.8324
-92.3617
-131.9675
-181.2743
-241.0688
-312.2257
-395.6758
-492.3913
-603.3794
-729.6786
-872.3571
-1032.5122
-1211.2694
-1409.7824
-1629.2332
-1870.8319
-2135.8170
-2425.4555
-2741.0427
-3083.9027
-3455.3887
-3856.8826
-4289.7955
-4755.5682
-5255.6706
-5791.6025
-6364.8935
-6977.1032
-7629.8216
-8324.6687
-9063.2955
-9847.3832
-10678.6443
-11558.8222
-12489.6914
-13473.0581
-14510.7597
-15604.6657
-16756.6774

4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0

740.3275
755.4616
770.5404
785.5650
800.5367
815.4569
830.3265
845.1468
859.9189
874.6436
889.3221
903.9553
918.5441
933.0893
947.5919
962.0526
976.4721
990.8513
1005.1909
1019.4916
1033.7541
1047.9790
1062.1670
1076.3186
1090.4346
1104.5154
1118.5616
1132.5738
1146.5524
1160.4981
1174.4113
1188.2925
1202.1421
1215.9607
1229.7486
1243.5063
1257.2342
1270.9327
1284.6023
1298.2433
1311.8560
1325.4410
1338.9984
1352.5287
1366.0323
1379.5093
1392.9603
1406.3855
1419.7851
1433.1596
1446.5092
1459.8342
1473.1349
1486.4116
1499.6645
1512.8939
1526.1001
1539.2833
1552.4438

15261.2215
16343.3051
17479.7476
18672.2736
19922.6357
21232.6145
22604.0186
24038.6852
25538.4797
27105.2962
28741.0574
30447.7151
32227.2501
34081.6723
36013.0210
38023.3652
40114.8033
42289.4635
44549.5043
46897.1138
49334.5110
51863.9446
54487.6946
57208.0712
60027.4156
62948.1003
65972.5287
69103.1356
72342.3875
75692.7823
79156.8498
82737.1520
86436.2825
90256.8678
94201.5664
98273.0696
102474.1013
106807.4186
111275.8112
115882.1025
120629.1491
125519.8410
130557.1020
135743.8899
141083.1964
146578.0473
152231.5028
158046.6576
164026.6411
170174.6175
176493.7858
182987.3805
189658.6710
196510.9623
203547.5952
210771.9461
218187.4272
225797.4871
233605.6105

0.024
0.022
0.020
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001

17968.7280
19242.7833
20580.8412
21984.9326
23457.1208
24999.5023
26614.2068
28303.3971
30069.2697
31914.0546
33840.0159
35849.4514
37944.6933
40128.1083
42402.0974
44769.0964
47231.5763
49792.0428
52453.0372
55217.1361
58086.9516
61065.1320
64154.3613
67357.3598
70676.8841
74115.7273
77676.7195
81362.7273
85176.6548
89121.4431
93200.0708
97415.5543
101770.9476
106269.3429
110913.8705
115707.6991
120654.0359
125756.1269
131017.2572
136440.7507
142029.9708
147788.3204
153719.2420
159826.2180
166112.7708
172582.4633
179238.8984
186085.7199
193126.6124
200365.3013
207805.5535
215451.1768
223306.0211
231373.9776
239658.9797
248165.0027
256896.0645
265856.2253
275049.5880

-17968.7280
-19242.7833
-20580.8412
-21984.9326
-23457.1208
-24999.5023
-26614.2068
-28303.3971
-30069.2697
-31914.0546
-33840.0159
-35849.4514
-37944.6933
-40128.1083
-42402.0974
-44769.0964
-47231.5763
-49792.0428
-52453.0372
-55217.1361
-58086.9516
-61065.1320
-64154.3613
-67357.3598
-70676.8841
-74115.7273
-77676.7195
-81362.7273
-85176.6548
-89121.4431
-93200.0708
-97415.5543
-101770.9476
-106269.3429
-110913.8705
-115707.6991
-120654.0359
-125756.1269
-131017.2572
-136440.7507
-142029.9708
-147788.3204
-153719.2420
-159826.2180
-166112.7708
-172582.4633
-179238.8984
-186085.7199
-193126.6124
-200365.3013
-207805.5535
-215451.1768
-223306.0211
-231373.9776
-239658.9797
-248165.0027
-256896.0645
-265856.2253
-275049.5880

TIPO

Iy

Jy

Ky

Iz

A
B
C
D
E
F

5.3570

0.8820

-0.0076

6.0350

5.0580

0.9024

-0.0096

4.6940

4.6510

0.9181

-0.0076

4.1100

4.2300

0.9220

-0.0087

3.4140

3.9220

0.9220

-0.0064

3.0570

3.5330

0.9181

-0.0070

2.6210

Jz

Kz

OBSERVADO

2.1097

0.2770

Muy inestable

1.0629

0.0136

Medio inestable

0.9201

-0.0020

Ligero inestable

0.7371

-0.0316

Neutro

0.6794

-0.0450

Ligero estable

0.6564

-0.0540

Estable

GRAFICO DE DISPERCIN
120.000

100.000

ug/m3

80.000

60.000

40.000

20.000

0.000
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0
Km

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10.0

Diraccin del Veinto en Km

DETERMINACIN DE ISOPLETAS

300000.0000

200000.0000

100000.0000

0.0000

-100000.0000

-200000.0000

10.0

9.7

9.4

9.1

8.8

8.5

8.2

7.9

7.6

7.3

7.0

Column H
6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.5

4.9

5.2

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.7

Distancia en Km.

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.2

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.1

-300000.0000

Column G

COMPOSICION COMBUSTIBLES - EPA

COMPOSICIN DE COMBUSTIBLES SEGN EPA

COMPOSICIN
FINITO N1
DIESEL N2
BUNKER N4
PETROLEO N6
RESIDUAL N6
COMSUTIN

CARBONO
86.400
87.300
86.470
87.260
84.670

HIDROGENO OXIGENO
13.600
0.010
12.600
0.040
11.650
0.270
10.490
0.640
11.020
0.380

NITRGENO
0.003
0.006
0.240
0.280
0.180

AZUFRE
0.090
0.220
1.350
0.840
3.970

CENIZAS
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.040
0.020

CONSTANTES EMPRICAS - MODELO MATEMTICO DE GAUSS

TIPO
A
B
C
D
E
F
MOD. GAUSS

Iy
5.3570
5.0580
4.6510
4.2300
3.9220
3.5330

Jy
0.8820
0.9024
0.9181
0.9220
0.9220
0.9181

Ky
-0.0076
-0.0096
-0.0076
-0.0087
-0.0064
-0.0070

Iz
6.0350
4.6940
4.1100
3.4140
3.0570
2.6210

Jz
2.1097
1.0629
0.9201
0.7371
0.6794
0.6564

Kz
0.2770
0.0136
-0.0020
-0.0316
-0.0450
-0.0540

OBSERVADO
Muy inestable
Medio inestable
Ligero inestable
Neutro
Ligero estable
Estable

DATOS DE INGRESO

DATOS
Volumen
Vo
Altura
H
Velocidad vienu
Carga contamiQ
Temp. Gas
To
Temp. AtmosfeTi
Estabilidad

TOTAL
12.00
1.72
TOTAL
200.00
25.00
A

15.000

m3/s

m
m/s
ug/s
C
C
Muy inestable

CALCULO DE ALTURA EFECTIVA DE CHIMENEA

CALCULO
Fo
17.3206
CALCULO
Xf
291.2710 m
CALCULO
Heff
13.0562 m

473 K
298 K

TIPO A MUY INESTABLE

VALORES DE ESTABILIDAD
Iy
Jy
Ky
Iz
Jz
Kz

0.2913 Km
0.0131 Km

CONCENTRACIONES
Compuesto
ug/m3.s
CO
5357877.7778
CO2
412556588.89
NOX
32340.66628
SO2
2870291.6667
MP
0

TIPO
A
B
C
D
E
F

ESTABILIDAD ATMOSFERICA
Iy
Jy
5.3570
0.8820
5.0580
0.9024
4.6510
0.9181
4.2300
0.9220
3.9220
0.9220
3.5330
0.9181

Ky
-0.0076
-0.0096
-0.0076
-0.0087
-0.0064
-0.0070

PO A MUY INESTABLE
LORES DE ESTABILIDAD
5.3570
0.8820
-0.0076
6.0350
2.1097
0.2770

Iz
6.0350
4.6940
4.1100
3.4140
3.0570
2.6210

Jz
2.1097
1.0629
0.9201
0.7371
0.6794
0.6564

Kz
0.2770
0.0136
-0.0020
-0.0316
-0.0450
-0.0540

OBSERVADO
Muy inestable
Medio inestable
Ligero inestable
Neutro
Ligero estable
Estable