INFINITIVE

PAST TENSE

PAST PARTICIPLE

(ng t nguyn mu

(Qu kh n

(Qu kh phn t -

- V1)

V2)

V3)

MEANINGS

abode

abode

tn ti

abided

abided

chu ng

arise

arose

arisen

awake

awoke

awoken

abide

be

bear

was
were

bore

befall

begin

became

befell

days.

pht sinh

Christmas morning.

thc

She awoke me at

nh thc

seven.

th, l,

borne

mang

born

chu ng

befallen

wilderness for forty

We arose early on

been

become

He abided in the

thc dy

sinh,

become

EXAMPLE

The food was already

on the table.

She was born in

London.

tr nn, tr

He has just become a

thnh

father.

xy ra, xy
n

Should any harm befall

me on my journey, you
may open this letter.
The discussion began

began

begun

bt u

much later than

expected.
The new bridge is an

behold

beheld

beheld

nhn ngm

incredible sight to
behold.

bend

bent

bent

cong,
b cong

I bent down and picked

up the coins lying on
the road.

beset

bespeak

beset

bespoke

beset

bespoken

bao quanh,

They were beset with

vy quanh

foes on every side.

chng t,
cho thy

His letter bespoke his

willingness to help.

She knew she couldn't

bid

bid

bid

tr gi - u

afford it, so she didn't

gi

bid.

The prisoner was

bind

bound

bound

buc, tri

bound hand and foot.

He bled heavily in the

bleed

bled

bled

chy mu

accident.

The letter
blew away and I had to
blow

break

breed

blew

broke

bred

blown

broken

bred

thi, b thi

p v
v

nui nng,
dy d

run after it.

The dish fell to the floor

and broke.

His main income comes

from breeding cattle.

They brought home a

bring

brought

brought

mang n

small dog.

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

pht thanh

The tennis

championship is
broadcast
live to several different
countries.

These old houses are

build

burn

built

built

xy dng

burnt

burnt

t chy,

burned

burned

lm bng

built of stones.

She burnt his old love

letters.

I bought my
buy

bought

bought

mua

qung,
cast

cast

cast

nm, ling,
th

catch

chide

caught

chided
chid

caught

bt, chp,
tm

chided
chid

camera from a friend of

mine.

The knight cast the

sword far out into the
lake.

He caught the last train

to London yesterday.

She chided him for his

mng chi

bad manners.

chidden

choose

chose

chosen

cleave

clove

cloven

cleft

cleft

chn, la
chn

ch, b

I've chosen Luis a

present.

He clove his way

through the crowd to

come

cost

cleaved

cleaved

came

come

cost

cost

get there on time.

ng gi,
phi tr

Has she come yet?

The book costs 20

dollars.

My cock crows
crow

crew

crew

gy (g)

repeatedly in the

crowed

crowed

ni bi b

morning.

Where did
cut

deal

cut

dealt

cut

dealt

ct

you have your hair

cut?

phn pht

She's used to dealing

giao thip

with difficult customers.

gii quyt
The hole was dug in 30
dig

dug

dug

minutes.

They ran to the pool,

dive

dived

dived

ln, lao

dove

dove

xung

dived in, and swam to

the other side.

The children drew

draw

drew

drawn

v, ko

pictures of their
families.

dream

dreamed

dreamed

dreamt

dreamt

I dreamed that I had a

m

baby.

I didn't drink at all while

drink

drank

drunk

ung

I was pregnant.

I drove my daughter to
drive

drove

driven

li xe

school.

She dwelt in remote

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

tr ng,

parts of Asia for many

years.

I ate bread for breakfast

eat

ate

eaten

this morning.

He fell badly and broke

fall

fell

fallen

ng, ri

his leg.

I usually feed the

feed

fed

fed

cho n

neighbour's cat while

she's away.

Never in her life had

feel

felt

felt

cm thy

she felt so happy.

They fought against the

fight

fought

fought

chin u

South.

find

found

found

pht hin,

I've just found a ten-

pound note in my
tm thy

pocket.

She fled from the room

flee

fled

fled

chy trn

in tears.

He flung the letter into

fling

flung

flung

fly

flew

flown

qung, ling

bay, i my

the fire.

We flew to Paris.

bay
He performed so well
that I could hardly

forbear

forbore

forborne

nhn

forbear from
congratulating him.

forbid

forecast

forbade
forbad

forbidden

cm, ngn
cm

forecast

forecast

d on, d

forecasted

forecasted

bo

Smoking is forbidden in
the cinema.

Snow has been

forecast for tonight.

A lot of problems have

foresee

foresaw

foreseen

thy trc

been foreseen.

I forgot to tell you the

forget

forgot

forgotten

qun

news.

forgive

forgave

forgiven

tha th

She forgave me for

everything wrong I had

done.

He forsook me when I
forsake

freeze

get

forsook

froze

got

forsaken

frozen

got
gotten

rung b

ng,
lm ng li

needed him most.

Water freezes to ice at

a temperature of 0C.

I got a call from Phil

c c

last night.

They never gave me a

give

gave

given

cho

chance.

I went to Paris last

go

went

gone

summer.

They had ground coffee

grind

grow

ground

grew

ground

grown

xay, nghin

ln ln,
pht trin

before going to work

this morning.

Coffee is grown in
Vietnam.

Many of his finest

hang

hung

hung

treo

hear

heard

heard

nghe thy

pictures are hung in the

National Gallery.

She heard a noise

outside.

hide

hid

hidden

n, trn,
np

She used to hide her

diary under her pillow.

Teachers are not

hit

hit

hit

nh

au, lm
hurt

hurt

hurt

allowed to hit their

pupils.

She was badly hurt

au, lm tn when he left her.

thng

cung cp ti
input

input

input

liu (my
tnh in t)

I've spent the morning

inputting datainto the
computer.

She kept her money in

keep

kneel

knit

kept

kept

knelt

knelt

kneeled

kneeled

knit

knit

knitted

knitted

gi

a secret place while she

was alive.

She knelt down beside

qu

the child.

My granny knitted me
an

some gloves.

They have known each

know

knew

known

bit

other for years.

lay

laid

laid

t,

She laid the baby on

the bed.

She was the girl who

lead

led

led

dn dt,

led the discussion

lnh o

yesterday.

I've learned a
learn

leave

learned

learned

learnt

learnt

left

left

lot about computers

hc

since I started work

here.

ri i,
li

He left the house by the

back door.

He lent me some
lend

let

lent

let

lent

let

cho mn

cho php,
cho

money.

At last my father let me

go out with my friends.

A cat lay in front of the

lie

lay

lain

nm

lit

lit

thp (n)

lighted

lighted

soi sng

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

light

mt, lm

fire.

He lit his fifth cigarette

in half an hour.

I've just lost my ticket.

mt
lm, ch

He'd made a chocolate

to, sn

cake.

xut

mean

meant

meant

meet

met

met

mislay

mislaid

mislaid

c ngha l
hm

gp

mt,
tht lc

What does this word

mean?

They met at work.

I seem to have mislaid

my pen.

I thought the chemist

misread

misspell

misread

misspelt

misread

misspelt

c nhm

vit sai
chnh t

had misread my
prescription.

He appologized for
misspelling my name.

I mistook your signature

and thought the letter
mistake

mistook

mistaken

nhm ln

was from someone

else.

He seems to have
misunderstand

misunderstood

misunderstood

hiu lm

misunderstood me.

When a student, he
outdid everyone else in

outdo

outdid

outdone

lm gii hn

outgrow

outgrew

outgrown

ln nhanh

The company outgrew

hn

its office space.

the class.

outsell

outsold

outsold

bn chy
hn

CDs soon began to

outsell records.

Eventually she
overcome

overeat

overhang

overcame

overate

overhung

overcome

overeaten

overhung

vt qua

n nhiu
qu

managed to overcome
her shyness in class.

He overate and became

overweight.

nh ln

Several large trees

trn, treo l

overhang the path.

lng
I overheard a very
overhear

overlay

overheard

overlaid

overheard

overlaid

nghe trm

che, ph ln
trn

funny conversation on
the bus this morning.

The table is overlaid

with a tablecloth.

As marketing manager,
oversee

oversaw

overseen

trm nom
quan st

her job is to oversee all

the company's
advertising.

I missed the train this

oversleep

overslept

overslept

ng qun

morning because I
overslept again.

overtake

overtook

overtaken

bt kp

Our US sales have now

vt

overtaken our sales in

xy ra bt

Europe.

thnh lnh
His government was
overthrow

pay

prove

overthrew

paid

proved

overthrown

paid

proved
proven

lt

tr, np,
thanh ton

overthrown in 1970.

I paid the
driver with cash.

chng

They proved

minh,

him innocent.

chng t
Where have you put the

put

put

put

t,

keys?

Your handwriting is so
read

read

read

untidy I can't read it.

The cathedral was

rebuild

rebuilt

rebuilt

xy dng li

completely rebuilt in
1425.

A French film was

remade in
remake

remade

remade

lm li

Hollywood as 'Three
Men and a Baby'.

repay

repaid

repaid

hon li tin

She repaid her mother

the loan.

He resold the bike after

resell

resold

resold

bn li

a long time of use.

In the battle to retake

retake

retook

retaken

chim li

the village, over 150

soldiers were killed.

She didn't like the letter

rewrite

rewrote

rewritten

vit li

and rewrote it.

I learned to ride a bike

ride

rode

ridden

ci

when I was six.

The boss rang to say

ring

rise

rang

rose

rung

risen

rung

he would be back at

chung

4:30.

dy

The balloon rose gently

ln

up into the air.

mc
They boy ran away
run

ran

run

chy

when he saw his father.

She said goodbye to all

say

said

said

ni

her friends and left.

see

saw

seen

nhn thy

I saw an old friend on

gp

the way home

hiu

yesterday.

He has been seeking a

seek

sought

sought

tm kim

job for years.

I sold him my car for

sell

sold

sold

bn

send

sent

sent

gi

$1,000

I sent it by sea.

The explosion shook

shake

shook

shaken

rung, lc

buildings for miles

around.

The sun shone all

shine

shone

shone

chiu sng

afternoon.

She was shot three

shoot

shot

shot

bn

ch ra
show

showed

shown

cho xem
chiu

times in the head.

On this map, urban

areas are shown in
grey.

Mary shut her book and

shut

shut

shut

ng

put it down on the table.

She sang her baby to

sing

sang

sung

ht

sleep every night.

The Titanic was a

sink

sank

sunk

chm

passenger ship which

sank in 1912.

He came and sat down

sit

sat

sat

ngi

next to me.

I slept late on Sunday

sleep

slept

slept

ng

morning.

He had slid on the floor

slide

slid

smell

smelt

sow

sowed

slid

smelt

trt, lt

ngi, nh
hi

sowed

gieo trng

sown

gieo rc

before going out with

his friends.

Humans can't smell as

well as dogs.

Sow the seeds in pots.

English is spoken in
speak

spoke

spoken

ni

di chuyn
speed

sped

sped

nhanh,

speeded

speeded

lm tng tc

America.

The train sped along at

over 120 miles per
hour.

spell

spelled

spelled

nh vn,

He spelt out his name

spelt

speltl

vit vn

quickly and ran away.

Money should be spent

spend

spent

spent

tiu xi

in a right way.

I spilt coffee on my silk

spill

spilled

spilled

spilt

spilt

trn, ra

shirt.

The oil spill has spoilt

spoil

spoiled

spoiled

spoilt

spoilt

the whole beautiful

lm hng

coastline.

The fire spread very

spread

spread

spread

lan trn
lan truyn

chy (nc)
spring

sprang

sprung

bt ln, ny

rapidly because of the

strong wind.

I sprang out of bed to

answer the door.

ra

Stand still and be quiet!

stand

stood

stood

ng

The number of cars

which are stolen every
steal

stole

stolen

trm

year has risen.

stick

stuck

stuck

ghim vo,
nh vo

He stuck up a notice on
the board.

I got stung by a bee

sting

stung

stung

chm
t

nh, p,
strike

struck

struck

yesterday.

im

Have you ever been

struck by lightning?

nh cng

She swore that she

didn't know what had
swear

swore

sworn

tuyn th

happened to the
money.

When I came she was

sweep

swept

swept

qut

sweeping the floor.

Her toe swelled quickly

swell

swelled

swelled

sng,

swollen

phng

and really hurt.

I swam two miles this

swim

swam

swum

bi

teach

taught

taught

dy

morning.

Who taught you to

cook?

I tore my skirt on the

tear

tore

torn

x, rch

tell

told

told

k, bo

think

thought

thought

ngh, suy
ngh

chair as I stood up.

I told her to go home.

Salmon used to be
thought expensive.

She threw herself into a

throw

threw

thrown

nm

chair, exhausted.

They claim to undercut

undercut

undergo

undercut

underwent

undercut

undergone

ra gi thp

their competitors by at

hn

least 5%.

kinh qua
tri qua

nm di
underlie

underlay

underlain

l nn tng,
c s

underpay

underpaid

underpaid

undersell

undersold

undersold

tr lng
thp

bn r hn

She underwent an
operation last year.

Careful planning
underlies all our
decisions.

Many workers are now

underpaid.

A big supermarket can

usually undersell a
small local store.

My wife doesn't
understand

understood

understood

hiu

understand me.

Students are required

undertake

underwrite

wake

undertook

undertaken

thc thi

to undertake simple

m nhim

experiments.

bo him

underwrote

underwritten

woke

woken

thc gic

waked

waked

nh thc

ti tr

His bank underwrote

this event.

I woke up with a
headache.

He wears glasses for

wear

worn

worn

mc

reading.

The couple eventually

wed

wet

wed

wed

wedded

wedded

wet

wet

wetted

wetted

kt hn

wed after an eighteenyear engagement.

He wetted his children's

lm m

clothes.

Which year was it that

win

won

won

chin thng

write

wrote

written

vit

Italy won the World

Cup?

I wrote my sister a
letter.