Solutions To in

Solutions to In-Chapter Questions
Answer to Question 3.01

Sulfur is below oxygen on the periodic table, so it is listed first.
Because there are three oxygen atoms, O takes a 3 subscript.
Subscripts of 1 are not included in chemical formulas, so S is left as
it is.
Click here to return Question 3.01.

Sulfur appears first because it is to the left of fluorine on the periodic
table (indicating that it is more metallic). Because there are four
fluorine atoms, F takes a 4 subscript. The 1 subscript on sulfur is not
included.

Lithium is in Group 1, so it is a metal
Li+ is a positively charged ion, so it is a cation
Fluorine is in Group 7A, so it is a nonmetal
F- is a negatively charged ion, so it is an anion
LiF is the smallest number of cations and anions that form a neutral
ionic compound, so it is the formula unit
Click here to return to Question 3.03
NaCl is a compound of a metal (Na) and a nonmetal (Cl) so it is

ionic
H2O is made of two nonmetals so it is covalent
KBr is made of a metal (K) and a nonmetal (Br) so it is ionic
Na2O is made of a metal (Na) and a nonmetal (O) so it is ionic
CO2 is made of two nonmetals so it is covalent
C2H6 is made of only nonmetals so it is covalent
Click here to return to Question 3.04

Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2, so it takes a +2 charge. Sulfur (S) is
in Group 6A so it takes a 2 charge.
The compound follows the pattern metalnonmetal-ide, where the

magnesium is the metal and sulfur is the non-metal with the -ide
ending.

The compound follows the pattern metalnonmetal-ide where the
potassium is the metal and oxygen is the nonmetal with the -ide
ending. The name doesnt depend on the number of potassium or
oxygen atoms in the compound.

Because barium is a Group 2 metal, it takes a +2 charge. There
must be two fluoride anions (each with a 1 charge) to create a
neutral compound.

Because lithium is a Group 1 metal, it takes a +1 charge. Oxide has
a 2 charge. There must be two lithium cations to create the neutral
compound Li2O.

Because there are two 1 anions, the iron must have a +2 charge.

Because there are three 2 anions, together the chromium ions
must have a total charge of +6 and each chromium ion must be +3.

Cobalt has the Roman numeral III, so it has a +3 charge. There
must be three bromide anions (each with a 1 charge) to create a
neutral compound.

Copper has the Roman numeral II, so it has a +2 charge. Phosphide
has a 3 charge. There must be three copper cations and two
phosphide anions to create the neutral compound Cu3P2.

The name of the metal is unchanged (potassium). H2PO4- is called
dihydrogen phosphate.
The polyatomic ion NH4+ is ammonium and the polyatomic ion NO3is nitrate.

Because calcium is a Group 2 metal, it takes a +2 charge. There
must be two nitrite anions (each with a 1 charge) to create a
neutral compound. Note that the subscript indicating there are two
nitrite anions is outside the parentheses enclosing the nitrite.

Because cobalt has the Roman numeral II it has a +2 charge.
Chromate, CrO42-, has a 2 charge. There must be one cobalt cation
and one chromate polyatomic ion to create the neutral compound
CoCrO4.

ZnCl2 follows the naming pattern for ionic compounds. Because
there are six water molecules, zinc chloride is followed by
hexahydrate.
Magnesium sulfateis MgSO4 because SO42- is sulfate. Heptahydrate

indicates that there are seven water molecules associated with the
compound.

Iron(II) chloride is FeCl2 because it takes two chloride ions (each
with a 1 charge) to create a neutral compound with Fe2+. Dihydrate
indicates that there are two water molecules associated with the
compound.

Because there are two nitrogen atoms, N gets a di- prefix. Because
there are four oxygen atoms, O gets a tetra- prefix

The first element does not get the mono- prefix. Because there are
six fluorine atoms, it gets a hexa- prefix.

The lack of a prefix on xenon means there is only one xenon atom.
The tri- prefix on oxide means there are three oxygen atoms.

The lack of a prefix on carbon means there is only one carbon atom.
The tetra- prefix on the fluoride means there are four fluorine atoms.

Because the compound is a binary acid (as indicated by the
hydrogen being first in the formula, and it being in aqueous
solution), it takes the hydro- prefix and ends in acid.

The hydro- prefix indicates the compound is a binary acid. Iodic is
the ic form of iodine (I).

The acidic form of cyanide (CN-) is named like a binary acid.

H2S (g) = Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S (aq) = Hydrsulfuric Acid
H2Se (aq) = Hydroselenic Acid

H2Se (g) = Hydrogen Selenide
H2S(g) is a gas, so it is named according to the covalent compound
rules: prefixfirst element prefixsecond elementide
H2S(aq) is dissolved in water and its formula begins with H, so it is
acting as an acid and is named as a binary acid: hydroanionic acid
H2Se(g) is a gas, so it is named according to the covalent compound
rules: prefixfirst element prefixsecond elementide
H2Se(aq) is dissolved in water and its formula begins with H, so it
is acting as an acid and is named as a binary acid: hydroanionic
acid
Click here to return to Question 3.30.

Because ClO4- is perchlorate, the acid takes the -ic ending

Because NO2- is nitrite, the acid takes the -ous ending.

CO32- is carbonate, so it requires two hydrogen atoms to form a
neutral compound. The hydrogen atoms are listed first because its
an acid.

C2H3O2- and -OOCCH3 are both ways of writing acetate. As an acid,
the additional hydrogen atom is listed first.

Potassium (K) is a metal while nitrate (NO3-) is a polyatomic ion.

H is first in the formula and it doesnt contain an oxygen.

Both carbon and chloride are nonmetals.

H2CO3(aq) is aqueous and its formula begins with H, so it is an
acid. Because it contains a polyatomic ion that has oxygens, its an
oxoacid
Na3PO4(aq) is made of the ions Na+ and PO43- so it is an ionic
compound
FeO is made of a metal (Fe) and a nonmetal (O) so it is an ionic
compound
HI(aq) is aqueous and its formula begins with H, so it is an acid.
Because it only contains two elements it is a binary acid.
PCl3 is made of two nonmetals, so it is covalent.

NH4+ is always named ammonium, whereas HCO3- is named either
bicarbonate or hydrogen bicarbonate unless it is in a compound with
sodium, when it is also called baking soda.

The compounds are named based on the number of carbon atoms
in their formula.

(12 x 2) +2=26

When the compound contains more than one atom of a given
element, its mass must be taken into account for each occurrence.

The molar mass of ionic compounds is referred to as the formula
mass because ionic compounds are described by their formula
unit.

The molar mass (58.44 g/mol) of NaCl is used as a conversion
factor.

The formula for iron(II) chloride is FeCl2, which has a molar mass
of 126.75g/mol.

The formula for acetic acid contains 2 carbon atoms, 4 hydrogen
atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. The smallest whole number ratio of
these values is 1:2:1

If there are 100 g of the sample, then the mass percent of the
element is equal to the number of grams of the elements.

If there are 100 g of the sample, then the mass percent is equal to
the number of grams.

6.306/0.9706 = 6.497

8.67/0.9706 = 8.93
The value for C (6.497 mol) is within 0.50 of a whole number, so

every number of moles needs to be multiplied by 2.

6.497 x2 = 13 mol C, 8.93 x2 = 18 mol H, and 1 x2 = 2 mol O.

The empirical formula for glucose is CH2O, so the molar mass is
12.01 g/mol C + 2 1.01 g/mol H + 16.00 g/mol O = 30.03 g/mol.

180.16/30.03 = 5.999, which rounds to 6.

Because the chemical formula is six times heavier than the
empirical formula, each subscript must be multiplied by six.

29.9 total grams. 12.5 g C and H = 17.4 g oxygen.

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Solutions to In-Chapter Questions

Answer to Question 3.01

Answer to Question 3.02

Answer to Question 3.03

Answer to Question 3.04

NaCl is a compound of a metal (Na) and a nonmetal (Cl) so it is

Answer to Question 3.05

Click here to return Question 3.05.

Answer to Question 3.06

Click here to return Question 3.06.

Answer to Question 3.07

Answer to Question 3.08

The compound follows the pattern metalnonmetal-ide, where the

Answer to Question 3.09

Answer to Question 3.10

Answer to Question 3.11

Answer to Question 3.12

Click here to return Question 3.12.

Answer to Question 3.13

Answer to Question 3.14

Answer to Question 3.15

Answer to Question 3.16

Answer to Question 3.17

Answer to Question 3.18

Answer to Question 3.19

Answer to Question 3.20

Answer to Question 3.21

Magnesium sulfateis MgSO4 because SO42- is sulfate. Heptahydrate

Answer to Question 3.22

Answer to Question 3.23

Answer to Question 3.24

Answer to Question 3.25

Click here to return Question 3.25.

Answer to Question 3.26

Answer to Question 3.27

Answer to Question 3.28

Answer to Question 3.29

Answer to Question 3.30

H2Se (aq) = Hydroselenic Acid

Answer to Question 3.31

Answer to Question 3.32

Answer to Question 3.33

Click here to return Question 3.33.

Answer to Question 3.34

Answer to Question 3.35

Answer to Question 3.36

Answer to Question 3.37

Answer to Question 3.38

Answer to Question 3.39

Answer to Question 3.40

Answer to Question 3.41

Answer to Question 3.42

Click here to return Question 3.42.

Answer to Question 3.43

Answer to Question 3.44

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Answer to Question 3.45

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Answer to Question 3.46

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Answer to Question 3.47

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Answer to Question 3.48