NURSING LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT/RESEARCH

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by making the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.

Situation: Ana is a research assistant in a tertiary hospital. She is tasked to study turnover rates among employees. The CEO instructed
her to finish her study in one month and to contain her expenditures within the allotted budget.
1.

Ana prepares her timetable to conduct the research study. Which of the following phases is the most time-consuming in her study?
A. Conceptualizing
B. Design and Planning
C. Empirical
D. Analytical

2.

Which of the following sources of data will be most useful for this research?
A. 201 file of staff
B. Monthly report of resignations
C. Observation
D. Customer feedback report

3.

Which of the following is the most important criterion in the selection of the research problem?
A. Novelty of the research problem
B. Significance of the study
C. Limitation of the researcher
D. Availability of research instrument

4.

Which of the following are considered delimitation of the study?

1. Resignation during the months of Jan to Oct 2004
2. One month time frame in conducting the study
3. Only regular and full time employees
4. Incomplete records
A.
B.
C.
D.

1&3
2&4
1, 2 & 4
2, 3 & 4

5.

Ana states the purpose of the study, which one is the most significant?
A. Enhance the professional image of nursing
B. Find solutions to staffing problems
C. Increases the accountability of nurses
D. improves the delivery of services to patients

6.

She knows that the main contribution of research for the improvement of the nursing profession is:
A. basis for staff development
B. Framework for curriculum development
C. Theoretical foundation of nursing practice
D. Evidence-based nursing practice

7.

Which of the following are variables in the study?

1. Marital status of employees
2. Employment status
3. Position
4. Shift schedule
A.
B.
C.
D.

1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
1, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4

8.

Ana states the hypothesis of the study, Marital status of employment are not associated with the turnover rate of employees.
Which of the following is a dependent variable?
A. Marital status
B. Employment status
C. Frequency
D. turnover rate of employees

9.

Which type of research is used by Ana when she wants to find out if variables are associated or related?
A. Exploratory
B. Descriptive
C. Experimental
D. Case Study

10. She decides to do her sampling plan. Which of the following types of sampling techniques will be best if she plans to divide the
employees into probationary and regular employees?
A. Simple Random sampling
B. Quota Sampling
C. Cluster sampling
D. Stratified sampling
Situation: Charisse is a nurse researcher employed be the DOH to conduct a study on the management, control, and prevention of
cardiovascular disease. Her first assignment is to conduct a study on compliance among adult hypertensive patients to their regimen.
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the research study?
A. A Study of the Compliance to Regimen among Hypertensive Patients
B. Causes of Non-compliance to Regimen among Selected Hypertensive Patients
C. Compliance among Adult Patients in the Philippines to Prescribed Regimen: An Analysis
D. Compliance to Regimen among Adult Hypertensive Patients
12. Which of the following is an assumption in the study?
A. Compliance to prescribed regimen is necessary for adequate control of complications
B. Age is associated with compliance to regimen
C. Educational attainment is not correlated with non-compliance to regimen
D. Patients who are recipients of free medications are the subjects of this study
13. The following statements are true about a hypothesis, which one is not? Hypothesis is
A. a shrewd guess
B. A tentative guess about the relationship between two variables
C. An educated guess
D. A general explanation of a phenomenon
14. What does the statement, The level of education is not correlated with the degree of compliance to regimen refer to?
A. Hypothesis
B. Limitation
C. Assumption
D. Variable
15. Which of the following is considered a delimitation of the study?
A. Patients receiving free medical assistance from the government
B. Time frame in conducting the survey
C. Budget allocation by the DOH
D. Truthfulness of the Subjects
16. When one of the subjects verbalizes her intention to disengage from the study group, which of the following actions of Charisse
will be ethical?
A. Advise the patient to put her intentions in writing
B. Remind the patient of her duty to fulfill as a recipient of assistance from the government
C. Allow the patient to withdraw anytime
D. Tell the patient that she has a legal liability for withdrawing from the contract
17. On of the subjects asks Charisse whether the information she gives would not be linked to her when the results will be reported.
Which of the following rights of the subjects did she invoke?
A. Self-determination
B. Anonymity
C. Confidentiality
D. Privacy
18. Which of the following research designs is appropriate for the study?
A. Descriptive
B. Experimental
C. Quasi-experiment
D. Exploratory
19. If she decides to the dy the effects of a new combination drug among stage II hypertensive patients, which type of research would
be appropriate?
A. Experimental
B. Exploratory
C. Descriptive
D. Correlational
20. In the hypothesis, The new combination drug lowers down the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, which is considered as
the independent variable?
A. Recovery
B. Hypertensive patients
C. New combination drug
D. Lowers down

21. Which of the following hypotheses is not a non-directional type?

A. The new combination drug is associated with the blood pressure level of hypertensive patients
B. The new combination drug lowers the blood pressure reading of the patients
C. The new combination drug does not produce the any change in the blood pressure of the patients
D. The hypertensive yields the same blood pressure reading among patients.
Situation: Kenny is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient
satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from January to February with
average length of stay 3-4 days, first admission, and with no complications.
22. Which of the following is an extraneous variable in the study?
A. Date of admission
B. Length of stay
C. Age of patients
D. Absence of complication
23. He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Sr. Callista Roy
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Jean Watson
24. He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is not true about this method?
A. Most direct means of gathering information
B. Versatile in terms of content coverage
C. Most accurate and valid method when eliciting feelings or behavior
D. Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method
25. Which of the following articles would Kenny least consider for his review of literature?
A. Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients
B. Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms
C. Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions
D. Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes
26. Which of the following variables will he likely include in his study?
1. competence of nurses
2. caring attitude of nurses
3. salary of nurses
4. responsiveness of staff
A.
B.
C.
D.

1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
1, 2, 4
1&2

27. He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine:

A. Degree of agreement and disagreement
B. Compliance to expected standards
C. Level of satisfaction
D. Degree of acceptance
28. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation which include:
1. Validity
2. Reliability
3. Sensitivity
4. Homogeniety
A.
B.
C.
D.

1, 2, 3
1, 3, 4
1, 2, 4
2, 3, 4

29. Which criteria refer to the ability of the instruments to detect fine differences among the subjects being studied?
A. Sensitivity
B. Reliability
C. Validity
D. Meaningfulness

30. Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what is suppose to measure?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Meaningfulness
D. Sensitivity
31. He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked?
A. Random
B. Accidental
C. Quota
D. Judgement
Situation: Miko is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients
come from different cultures and countries.
32. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Case Study
D. Phenomenology
33. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is:
A. Dorotea Orem
B. Madeline Leininger
C. Betty Newman
D. Sr. Callista Roy
34. Which of the following statements best describes an ethnographic study?
A. Involves the description and interpretation of cultural behavior
B. Focuses on the meaning of experiences as those who experience it
C. Involves an in-depth study of an individual or group
D. Involves collecting and analyzing data that aims to develop theories grounded in real world observations
35. He systematically plans his sampling plan. Should he decides to include whoever patients are admitted during the study, he uses
what sampling method?
A. Judgment
B. Accidental
C. Random
D. Quota
36. He finally decides to use judgment sampling. Which of the following actions of Miko is correct?
A. Plans to include whoever is during his study
B. Determines the different nationality of patients frequently admitted and decides to get representation samples from each
C. Assigns number from each of the patients, place these in a fishbowl and draw 10 from it
D. Decides to get 20 samples from the admitted patients
37. He knows that certain patients who are in a specialized research setting tend to respond psychologically to the conditions of the
study. This is referred to as
A. Bias
B. Hawthorne effect
C. Halo effect
D. Horns effect
38. Which of the following items refer to the sense of closure that Miko experiences when data collections ceases to yield any new
information?
A. Saturation
B. Limitation
C. Precision
D. Relevance
39. In a qualitative research, the actual analysis of data begins with:
A. Search for themes
B. Validation of thematic analysis
C. weave the thematic strands together
D. Quasi statistics
40. Miko is also interested to know the coping abilities of patients who are newly diagnosed to have terminal cancer. He decides to
focus on the meaning of their experiences of coping. Which of the following types of research is appropriate?
A. Phenomenological
B. Grounded Theory
C. Ethnographic
D. Case Study

41. Which of the following titles of the study is appropriate for a phenomenological study?
A. Lived Experiences of Terminally-Ill Cancer Patients
B. Coping Skills of Terminally-Ill Cancer Patients
C. Two Case Studies of Terminally-Ill Patients
D. Beliefs and Practices of Patients with Terminal Cancer
Situation: Kella is a beginning nurse researcher in a new tertiary hospital. She needs to review the research process prior to conducting
her first assignment.
42. In deciding to formulate a problem, which of the following sources will not be helpful?
A. Previous research
B. Frustrations, experiences
C. Theory
D. Opinions of others
43. She reads about a research on weight reduction. Which of the following is an active variable?
A. Low impact and high impact exercises
B. Weight of patients
C. Dietary preferences
D. Body built
44. Which of the following hypotheses is a directional hypothesis?
A. Compliance to dietary regimen is not associated with the level of educational attainment of patients
B. The amount of caloric restrictions hastens reduction in body mass among obese patients
C. Weight loss is related with dietary restrictions
D. Dietary preferences affect rapid weight loss.
45. In the hypothesis Compliance to dietary regimen is not associated with the level of educational attainment of patients which is
the dependent variable?
A. Educational attainment
B. Compliance to dietary regimen
C. Patients
D. Dietary regimen
46. When she plans for data gathering tool, which two of the following tools would be best?
1. Observation
2. Biophysical measurement
3. Self-report data
4. Use of existing data
A.
B.
C.
D.

1&4
2&3
1&2
1&3

She gathered the following data:

Weights: 135, 140, 153, 155, 164, 166, 170, 172, 180
47. Which of the following is the mean weight of the 10 patients?
A. 159
B. 155
C. 164
D. 153
48. Which of the above data is the mode?
A. 135
B. 155
C. 164
D. 180

49. Which of the following is not a measure of variability?

A. Standard deviation
B. Mean
C. Range
D. Semi-quartile range

50. She tests the reliability of her instrument. Which of the following is a test for reliability?
A. T-test
B. F-Test
C. Cronbachs Alpha
D. Pearson r
Situation: Alena is the team leader in coronary care unit. Her staff asked her if they can have days off during the holidays even if the
census is picking up.
51. When asked about her job description, the team leader discussed with her staff what is embodied in the manual. Which is true
about her description?
A. Personal requirements and capabilities that are deemed necessary for effective performance of a job.
B. Process of objectivity determining the specific duties, responsibilities and conditions associated with a specific job.
C. Specific grouping jobs, all of which exhibit a similar level of responsibility and command the same level of financial
compensation
D. Written account of organizational relationships, overall responsibility, duties, and working conditions of a specific job.
52. She noticed that policies and standard operating procedures are strictly implemented in the hospital. What management function is
this?
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Controlling
D. Directing
53. She was asked how her staff will be evaluated. The team leader probably will show her the following except:
A. Performance Evaluation Sheet
B. Performance Checklist
C. Ranking device
D. Nursing Audit
54. Which problem in Performance Appraisal has the tendency to rate an employee lower than her performance would warrant?
A. Hawthorne Effect
B. Halo effect
C. Thorn effect
D. Horns effect
Situation: Nicole just received her appointment paper as permanent employee. She was told by the head nurse that it was her loyalty,
commitment, competence and caring attitude that contributed to her present appointment
55. Which response describes Nicole as an assertive person?
A. I am used to this. I am a born winner
B. I dont know why I became permanent. Probably they like me.
C. Thank you. I will be able to contribute to the goals of the department
D. I expected this to happen. I know I did my best.
56. Nicole was assigned to take care of 5 to 6 patients from admission to discharge. The system is:
A. Primary Nursing
B. Nursing Care Management
C. Team Nursing
D. Modular Nursing
57. One of her patients who has chronic hypertensive vascular disease asked Nicole if she can be available to take care of her even
before admission and even discharge. What system does the patient refer to?
A. Modular Nursing
B. Case Management
C. Team Nursing
D. Primary Nursing
Situation: Mr. Mario Perez is an operating Room head nurse for three years. He strongly felt that his unit needs some changes in order
to be competitive with other hospitals.
58. Which of the following nursing personnel should be included in planning?
A. Nursing Director
B. Supervisors
C. Head nurse
D. Managers at all levels
59. After seeking approval from the top executives, Mario utilizes model which plans and monitors complex projects that must be
done simultaneously and coalesce before the target date. This planning model is:
A. Decision tree
B. Gantt Chart
C. Linear Programming
D. PERT

60. Mario proposed the budget needed for the project. Budget is best defined as:
A. A statement of future expenses
B. List of current expenditures
C. List of past expenditures
D. A systematic way of meeting expenses
61. Which of the following is not included in the capital expense budget?
A. Renovation of the OR suites
B. Purchase of heart-lung machine
C. Purchase of anesthetic drug
D. Repair of air conditioning
Situation: Miss Lacson is the newly-promoted head nurse of the ambulatory care unit
62. As the head of the unit, she noticed increasing incompetency among members. The first action that she should do is:
A. Bring the group together to discuss the problem
B. Ignore the problem, its a minor issue
C. Present the problem to the chief nurse
D. discuss the problem with the other unit managers
63. Which of the following can best motivate her staff when such conflict arises?
A. Struict enforcement of rules
B. Encouraging good interpersonal relationship
C. Maintaining an open communication
D. Providing guidelines in doing procedures
Situation: Flor is newly promoted as a nurse manager of a tertiary hospital. She understands that organizational structure and its
components is important to goal achievement. Moreover, she also knows that theories of leadership and management help her describe
and understand the process of leadership development.
64. The consequences of how an organization elects to structure itself are significant in that the structures identifies authority and
control relationships that have profound impact on the nurse manager and provisions of care. At what level are supervisors
identified within the organization?
A. Middle-level managers
B. First level managers
C. Top level managers
D. Interim level managers
65. A nurse managers particular uniqueness and strengths determine the roles he or she models most frequently. A builder of
communication networks is considered to be which role the nurse manager?
A. Spokesperson
B. Liaison
C. Resource allocator
D. Monitor
66. A nurse manager attends a conference, and a topic of discussion is leadership styles. The nurse is seeking a leadership style that
will best empower the staff toward excellence. Which leadership style would the nurse select to achieve this goal?
A. Autocratic
B. Situational
C. Democratic
D. Laissez Faire
67. The nurse of the unit is determining what activities may be delegated to assistive personnel. A number of factors included in the
nurses decision. Asssuming that the nurse assistant is competent, which of the following activities may be safely delegated by the
registered nurse?
A. Vital signs on the stable client
B. An admission history on a new client
C. Initial transfer of a postoperative client
D. Administration of medications prepared by the nurse

68. Because of influenza epidemic among nursing staff, a nurse has been moved from the eye unit to the general surgical floor. The
nurse recognizes that he is iexperienced in this specialty. The nurses initial recourse is to:
A. Politely refuse to move, take a leave of absence and go home
B. Ask to work with another general gurgery nurse
C. Fill out a report nting his dissatisfaction
D. Notify the state board of nursing problem

69. The proper sequence of steps in the control process is:

A. Measure performance, establish standards, and compare performance and standards
B. Establish standards, measure performance, compare performance and standards, analyze deviations, and take corrective
action
C. Analyze deviations, establish standards, and take corrective action
D. Establish standards, evaluate performance, measure performance, and take corrective action
Situation: Nurse Fatima is a newly appointed head nurse of the Female Surgical Unit. As a new nurse manager in the unit, she
understands her new roles and responsibilities.
70. Based on her understanding about her new role as a head nurse, she knows that she can be notified at home of a staffing issue for
the night shift because:
A. the nurse manager must be an autocratic leader
B. The nurse manager has a 24 hour, seven days a week accountability for nursing care
C. The regular staff members do not have managerial responsibility for problem solving outcomes of staffing issues
D. The nurse manager is responsible for all staff decisions including staffing changes
71. The communication process is essential to the role of the head nurse and it is also important for all the nurses in client care, to be
effective communicators. The nurse who effectively analyzes the communication process understands that messages are:
A. Synchronous and asynchronous
B. Coded and encoded
C. Verbal and non-verbal
D. Native and foreign
72. The head nurse must decide who among the client must be transferred from the medical-surgical unit to a maternity unit in order
to make bed available. It would be most appropriate for the nurse to transfer which client?
A. A 55-year old client with tonic-clonic seizures
B. A 22-year old client with gastrointestinal bleeding on a vasopressin drip
C. A 40-year old post subtotal gastrectomy with heart problem
D. A 30 year old mastectomy client who will be discharged
73. The nurse manager in the orthopaedic unit evaluates a new staff nurse on the night shift as a born leader. This evaluation was
based on which of the following true leadership qualities?
A. Having incomplete intake and output records on the night shift was a problem; records have been consistently complete since
the new staff nurse arrived
B. The new staff nurse has scheduled staff journal club discussion once a month to increase current knowledge about client care
issues.
C. The new staff nurse always works overtime when asked by the nurse manager.
D. Incomplete shift counts was first noticed by the new staff nurse
74. The nurse manager who wishes to empower the nurses in the unit recognizes that strategies must be found to promote their
leadership ability. Which of the following supports the nurse managers knowledge of leadership?
A. Leadership qualities are demonstrated by those in formal and informal management positions
B. Nurses at all levels of the organizational chart are not responsible for leadership traits
C. Leadership characteristics are not measurable in performance appraisal
D. Only top-level managers have the vision, passion, and integrity to demonstrate leadership
75. The head nurse has the responsibility to transfer or delegate to competent staff the authority to perform selected task in a selected
situation. Which of the following statements would be important for the head nurse to make when delegating a responsibility?
A. I am appointing you to be our units representative on the newly formed task force anti-dengue
B. I do not have the time or interest in the monthly ethics committee so you will represent me.
C. I am assigning you to do the performance evaluation on the unit. I am too busy working the capital budget for next year to
complete them myself.
D. I choose you to attend the discharge planning today because it seems you have the lightest assignment.
76. Nurses from the Neonatal Intensive care unit are attending a board hearing about the complaint of malpractice with one of their
co-nursing staff. In conducting a hearing, the Board must observe at all times:
A. Due process of law
B. Right to privacy
C. Right to self-determination
D. Perjury

77. A basic structure against which competent care is objectively measured is which of the following?
A. Principle
B. Standard
C. Law
D. Code
78. Registration after passing the nursing licensure examination is given by the government as:

A.
B.
C.
D.

A privilege
A right
A reward
A recognition

79. A sworn written statement is a:

A. Oath
B. Affidavit
C. Plea
D. Summon
80. The power of the board to pass resolutions and ordinances is known as:
A. Quasi Judicial Power
B. Quasi Legislative Power
C. Executive Power
D. Determinative Power
81. You are caring for a client who had just given birth to her fifth child. The mother is inquiring about the tax exemption applied
under P.D. No. 69. The best response of the nurse would be that the tax exemption is limited to____.
A. Five children
B. Two children
C. Three children
D. Four children
82. Nurse Josephine, a tenured staff, is scheduled to work on Labor Day. She asked the senior nurse how will she be compensated.
The best response of the older nurse would be:
A. 25% of her daily wage
B. Double her daily wage
C. 30% of her daily wage
D. Triple of her daily wage
83. A registered nurse unintentionally administers an incorrect skin test to a patient resulting to death of the individual. This action of
the nurse is considered:
A. Reckless negligence
B. Excusable
C. Inconsequential since there was no inte
D. Tort
84. A dying declaration or ante-mortem statement can be admitted as evidence in court and not as hearsay evidence only when a
statement is made by a:
A. Witness of a crime
B. Victim of crime
C. Perpetrator of a crime
D. Medical personnel
85. It is the lack of ability, legal qualification or fitness to discharge the required duty:
A. Liability
B. Ignorance
C. Unqualified
D. Incompetence
86. As provided by R.A. 7164 expanded by R.A. 9173, the authorization to open a nursing school shall be based on:
A. Only the CHED
B. Permit to operate issued by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
C. Professional Regulation Commission and CHED
D. Joint recommendation of the board of nursing
87. The primary purpose for requiring continuing education is to:
A. Ensure legal practice
B. Ensure safety of public served
C. Compliance to board of nursing requirements
D. Improve competency after registration

88. When a nurse demonstrates competence, she can:

A. Put a patient at case
B. Perform nursing practice based on standards
C. Do nursing procedures effectively
D. Follow doctors order efficiently
89. When do you say that a profession has autonomy?

A.
B.
C.
D.

When it regulates itself and set standards for its members

When it has code of ethics
When it regulates itself
When it is independent

90. Your certificate of registration can be revoked or suspended for which of the following acts:
A. Gross incompetence
B. Illegal practice
C. Practicing without a license
D. Unauthorized absence from work
91. The nursing supervisor is making a review of the resumes and requirements submitted by applicants to fill in her vacancy at the
pediatric ward. One applicant submitted a fake Related Learning Experience document together with the other requirements. The
applicant can be liable to which of the following illegal acts:
A. Forgery of documents
B. Incompetence
C. Malrepresentation
D. Falsification of documents
92. Each professional nurse must be legally accountable in all his actions which involve proper monitoring and recording. The legal
implication of this is:
A. That regardless if the nurse recorded his observation or not, he shall not be accountable and liable
B. If the nurse did not document anything, he shall be liable
C. If the action was performed but nor written, it is considered as not having been done at all
D. Because a chart needs to be completed by handwritten words
93. You understand that as a nurse, maintaining privacy and confidentiality is an important aspect of:
A. Hospital policy
B. Nurse code of ethics
C. What all clients expect
D. It is an accepted practice
94. The dying patient was visited by his spiritual adviser. The private nurse was with the patient all the time during the chaplains
visit. When the elder brother came to visit, he asked the nurse what his sick brother and the chaplain talked about. What would be
the right thing for the nurse to do?
A. Ask the relative to look for another nurse who may tell him even if it is a privileged communication
B. She should not reveal anything to the brother because it is considered as privileged communication
C. Tell the elder brother that relatives should keep out of the spiritual affairs of the patient
D. She should reveal some information that concerns the brother of the patient
95. Which of the following should be considered by the nurse before getting patient to sign the operative consent?
A. Evaluate the clients level of consciousness and intellectual capability
B. Sedate the client to make sure that she relaxes enough to sign the consent without mild anxiety
C. Ascertain that the surgeon has prepared the client by explaining the proposed operative procedure
D. Withhold all medications 8 hours prior to obtaining the consent
96. Criminal negligence is committed when you:
A. Cause a death of the patient due to reckless imprudence
B. Disregard the patient right
C. Disregard the safety of your patient
D. Inflict harm or injury to the patient
97. A physician is having an affair with a nurse under your supervision. The physician is married. As the nurse supervisor, how would
you manifest ethical conduct?
A. Counsel the nurse
B. Stop the affair
C. Inform the wife
D. Report to your supervisor
98. You signed a two-year contract with the hospital. However, you have a pending application to work abroad and have been advised
that your visa is already available. What should you do?
A. Go to the nursing service director and ask permission to leave
B. File a letter of resignation effective 1 month after filing
C. Apply for a leave of absence and go abroad
D. Honor your contract with the hospital
99. A newly graduate nurse orientee plans to show an adolescent patient, a video about self-injection techniques. A staff nurse
remarked, I gave the patient written literature yesterday, so the video probably isnt necessary. However, the nurse orientee
noticed that the patient cannot fully understand the technique and proceeded with the showing of the video. He/she exhibits:
A. Autonomy
B. Paternalism
C. Informed consent
D. Non-compliance

100. Which of the following will disqualify an applicant to be a member of the board of Nursing?
A. At least 10 years of experience as a nurse
B. A registered nurse with Masters degree in Nursing
C. At least 30 years old
D. Filipino citizen and holder of U.S. immigrant Visa