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Topic 1:
Properties of Matter
Related Reading Material:
Petrucci et al., Sections 1.2-1.5, 2.1-2.3
Young and Freedman, Sections 17.1-17.4
What is Matter?
Anything that occupies
space and displays properties
of MASS and INERTIA
Definition of Matter:
INERTIA:
MASS:
Example:
Petroleum
MOTOR FUEL
PLASTICS
SYNTHETIC FABRICS
PESTICIDES
PHARMACEUTICALS
ATOMS
If one had to reduce scientific
history to one important
statement it would beALL
THINGS ARE MADE OF ATOMS
Richard Feynman
(Caltech)
All matter consists of atoms, small particles that cannot be made any smaller and still behave
like a chemical system.
Each element has a type of atom different from those of any other element.
Leucippus
www.usf.edu
More particles...
Rutherford (1919) discovers the proton
Chadwick (1932) discovers the neutron
Rutherfords explanation
1. Most of the atomic mass & all
of the positive charge were
concentrated in a tiny
nucleus.
2. The magnitude of positive
charge was different for
different atoms and was
about half the atomic weight.
3. There are equal numbers of
electrons outside the nucleus
as units of positive charge
within the nucleus.
Definition of Matter:
COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Definition of Matter:
Physical and Chemical Changes
PHYSICAL CHANGE
Definition of Matter:
Physical Changes example - WATER
Classification of Matter:
Substance is a single, pure form of matter.
Example: water, copper, sugar
Classification of Matter:
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
A solution of salt in water is a homogeneous
mixture
The sample has a uniform composition throughout
Classification of Matter:
CGS
centimeter
cm
Mass
kilogram
kg
gram
pound
lb
Time
second
second
second
Temperature
Amount of
substance
kelvin
Celsius
Fahrenheit
mole
mol
mole
mol
mole
mol
Length
Imperial
foot
ft
1,000,000$
()
Convert the units, and check that the appropriate rate is approximately 16,800 L/h.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Mass
Density =
Volume
Solution:
1. Mass of water m = 35.552-25.601 = 9.951 g
2. Density of water @ 20 oC r = 0.9982 g/cm3
3. Volume of beaker V = m / r = 9.968944 cm3
4. Use significant figures V = 9.968944 cm3 = 9.969 cm3
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
eths202.org/soschem/home/bonding
DIDNT WORK!!!!
..WHY?
whats wrong with Paris?
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
whats wrong with Paris?
Answer: NOTHINGon the contrary!!
Correct answer:
THE METAL BAR WAS TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE
New definition:
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
THE METAL BAR WAS
TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE
WHY?
THERMAL EXPANSION
In general, solids and liquids expand when heated and contract
when cooled
L L0T
An object of length L0 will be exposed to a change
in length L when its temperature changes by T
1. Polymorphic transformation
EXAMPLE: SiO2
Steel train rails are laid in 12.0 m long segments placed end-to-end. The rails
are laid on a winter day when their temperature is -2.0 oC. How much space
must be left between adjacent rails if they are just to touch on a summer day
when their temperature is 33.0 oC?
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
OTHER PROPERTIES OF SOLID MATTER
- Electrical resistance
- Heat capacity