What is a DNA fingerprint?

We know every humas being carries a unique set of genes.the chemical

structure of DNA is always the same,but the order of the base pairs in chromosomes
the same but the order of the base pairs in chromosomes differs in individuals.the
novel assemblage of the 3 billion nucleotides formed into 23 pairs of chromosomes
gives each of us a unique genetic identity
We also know that every cell contains a copy of the DNA that defines the
organism as a whole, even though individual cells have different functions ( cardiac
muscle cells keep our heart beating , neurons transmit the signals that are our
thoughts, etc ) these two aspects of DNA ist uniform natural in a single individual
and the genetic variability between individuals make DNA fingerprinting possible .
because every cell in a body share the same DNA . cells collected by swabbing the
inside of a persons cheek will be a perfect match for those found in white blood
cells,skin cells or any other tissue
Preparing a DNA fingerprint
Preparing a DNA fingerprint requires specimen collection , dna isolation nd
quantification , and PCR amfikication.
Specimen collection
Crime scene investigators routinely search for sources of DNA . dirty laundry . a
licked envelope . a cigarette but . or anything else that migh be a source for humas
cell left behind . time blood stains or a trace of saliva is often all it takes to crack a
case
Every living thing has DNA , so every crime scene is full of sources of possible
contamination . for this reason , scrupulous attention to detail is required in
collection and preserving evidencing . to protect the evidence , workers at crime
scene must take the following precautions :
Wear disposable gloves and change them frequently
Use disposable instrument ( such as tweezers and swabs )
Avoid talking . sneezing and coughing to prevent contsmination whit
microdroplets of saliva
Avoid touching anything that might contain DNA ( like their own body parts )
while handling evidence
Air_dry evidence thoroughly before packaing microbes can contaminate a
sample
Store evidence in specifically designed materials . plastic bags can retain
damaging moisture

Extacting DNA for analysis

After , a sample is collected from the known source , a lab technician is

responsible for determining its genetic profile . first, the technician extracts the DNA
from the sample, dna can be purified either chemically (using detergents that wash
away the unwanted cellular material ) or mechanically ( using pressure to force the
DNA out of the cell ) . once the DNA is extracted , the technician must follow several
steps to transform the unique signature of that DNA Into visible evidence .
PCR and DNA Amplification
STY analysis