ECE-GATE 2014 Topic Test-Communication theory

Duration: 90 Minutes

Maximum Marks: 50

Read the following papers instructions carefully:

1. There are a total of 33 questions carrying 50 marks. Questions are of multiple choice type or numerical
answer type. A multiple choice type question will have four choices for the answer with only one correct
choice. For numerical answer type questions, the answer is a number and no choices will be given. A
number as the answer should be entered by writing approximate value.
2. Q.1- Q.13 are of multiple choice type and carries 1 mark each. Q.14- Q.16 are of numerical answer type
and carries 1 mark each. Q.17- Q.24 are of multiple choice type and carries 2 marks each. Q.25- Q.29
are of numerical answer type and carries 2 marks each.Q.30-Q.31 include one pair of common data
questions which are of numerical answer type and carries 2 marks each and Q.32-Q.33 include one pair
of linked answer questions which are multiple choice type and carries 2 marks each. The answer to the
second question of the linked answer questions depends on the answer to the first question of the pair. If
the first question in the linked pair is wrongly answered or is not attempted then the answer to the second
question in the pair will not be evaluated.
3. Questions not attempted will result in zero mark. Wrong answers for multiple choice type questions will
result in NEGATIVE marks. For all 1 mark questions, 1/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong
answer. For all 2 marks questions, 2/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. However, in the
case of the linked answer question pair, there will be negative marks only for wrong answer to the first
question and no negative marks for wrong answer to the second question. There is no negative
marking for questions of numerical answer type.
4. Objective questions must be answered on Objective Response Sheet (ORS) by marking (A, B, C, D)
using HB pencil against the question number on the left hand side of the ORS. For Numeric data
questions answer must be marked in form of numerical value only. Each question has only one correct
answer. In case you wish to change an answer, erase the old answer completely. More than one answer
marked against a question will be treated as a wrong answer.

5. Calculator is allowed. Charts, graph sheets or tables are NOT allowed in examination hall
6. Do the rough works in scribble pad provided/ In case of offline it can be done on paper itself?

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Q.1.

Q.2.

Q.3.

Q.4.

Q.5.

Q.6.

Which of the following statement is not correct about envelop detector (Detection method of AM)
(A) It is an asynchronous detection method which used only diode, capacitor &resistor
(B) If RC time constant is low then there will be large amount of ripple and fluctuation at the output
(C) If RC time constant is high then there will be negative clipping or diagonal clipping at the output
(D) Output of envelop detector has only message signal without any DC component
A 1 MHz sinusoidal carrier is amplitude modulated by a symmetrical square wave of period 100
micro sec then which of the following frequencies will be present at the output signal:
1. 1010 KHZ
2. 990 KHZ
3. 1020 KHZ
4.1030 KHZ
(A) 1, 2 & 3 only
(B) 1, 2 & 4 only
(C) 1, 3 & 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Which of the following statement is not correct?
(A) A frequency modulated signal is produced when a modulating signal m(t) is integrated and
applied to a phase modulator
(B) For sinusoidally modulated FM carrier it is possible that for particular values of the modulation
index all the power lies in side frequencies and no power in the carrier
(C) When carrier to noise ratio is high an increase in transmission bandwidth decreases the figure of
merit of an FM system
(D) A phase modulator signal is produced when a modulating signal m(t) is differentiated and
applied to a frequency modulator
The modulated carrier average power in an FM system is equal to the:
(A) Modulating signal power
(B) Unmodulated carrier power
(C) Difference between modulating signal power and unmodulated carrier power
(D) Sum of modulating signal power and unmodulated carrier power
Which of the following statements are correct about FM?
1. Ideal value of bandwidth is infinite because FM spectrum consists of a carrier and infinite
number of side band components.
2. FM has better noise immunity in compare to AM due to Threshold effect in FM
3. It is impossible to differentiate between PM and FM by seeing modulated signal of PM&FM
(A) 1 & 2 only
(B) 2 & 3 only
(C) 1 & 3 only
(D) 1, 2 & 3
A composite signal is expressed as Xc (t) = Ac cos c t- Am cos (c- m)t +Am cos (c+m) t. Which
of the followings statements are true?
1. It is equation of NBFM signal
2. Bandwidth of this signal is 2wm same as in case of AM
3. Either envelop detector or discriminator method can be employed to retrieve the sinusoidal
component at m from xc (t)?
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3

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If Frequency modulated signal with X FM (t ) Ac cos ct k f m(t ) dt is applied to an Ideal

0

envelop detector then output at envelop detector will be :

(A) 0
(B) Ac
(C) m(t)
(D) m(t)+ D.C signal
Q.8. Which of the following statement is not correct about RF amplifier in case of Super Hetro dyne
receiver (SHR)?
(A) Image channel rejection in SHR comes from RF amplifier only
(B) RF amplifier is also known as Pre-selector
(C) RF amplifier is compulsory in both AM and FM receiver
(D) RF amplifier is generally a Class-A amplifier
Q.9. A source produces 26 symbols with equal probability then what is the average value of information
produced by this source?
(A) 4 bits/symbols
(B) 6 bits/symbols
(C) 8 bits/symbols
(D) between 4 and 6 bits/symbols
Q.10. Which one of the following signal pairs can represent a BPSK signal?

Q.7.

(A) A cos 2 f c t & Asin 2f c t

(B) A cos 2f c t & Asin 2f c t

(C) A cos 2fc t & A cos 2f c t

(D) A cos 2f c t & 2Asin 2f c t

Q.11. QPSK system is superior to BPSK system because:

(A) Its bandwidth is higher than that of BPSK
(B) Interchannel interference in QPSK system is less that in BPSK system
(C) Bandwidth of QPSK is half of bandwidth of BPSK system
(D) In QPSK system inter symbol interference is improved
Q.12. In Time division multiple access system a traffic system on the receiver side must receive the traffic
burst addressed to it .For this
(A) Transmitting frame acquisition is required
(B) Proper synchronization of the timing of transmit frame is required
(C) Frame efficiency should be higher
(D) Synchronization is necessary to overcome the perturbation of satellite
Q.13. Which of the following has maximum probability of error?
(A) ASK
(B) BPSK
(C) BFSK
(D) MSK
Q. 14. What is total power saving in percentage when carrier and one of the side bands are suppressed in an
AM wave modulated to a depth of 50%:
(A) 66.67%
(B) 94.44%
(C) 83.33%
(D) 100%
Q.15. A single tone amplitude modulated signal at a modulation depth of 100% transmits a total power of
15 W then power in carrier component in watt is:
(A) 5W
(B) 10W
(C) 12 W
(D) 15W
Q.16. A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal wave of amplitude of
20 Volt and frequency 100 KHz. If frequency sensitivity of modulator is 25 KHz/volt then the
bandwidth of FM signal in MHz is:
(A) 2.1 KHz
(B) 2.1MHz
(C) 1.2 KHz
(D) 1.2MHz
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Q.17. If value of xAM(t) = [A + m(t)] cos wct then value of output y(t) will be :

y1 (t)

x AM (t)

y2 (t)
LPF
(wc)

y(t)

cos wc t

m(t)
A m(t)
B.
C.
m(t)
D.
0
2
2
Q.18. For the given block-diagram, shown in figure, what are freqn available at S2 & S3 respectively ??
A.

2KHz

A.
2 KHz & 0 KHz
C.
6 KHz & 0 KHz
Q.19. For given arrangement, if

100%
AM
DSB-SC

S2

Sampler
5 KHz

B.
D.

4KHz

S3

LPF
(2.5 KHz)

2 KHz & 2.5 KHz

2 KHz & 2 KHz

v1(t) = 10 cos (2000 t) + 4 sin (200 t) and v2(t) = v1(t) + 0.1 v12(t)
Here Band Pass Filter used has pass band from (800 - 1200)Hz and gain is unity
v1(t)

Non-Linear
System

v2(t)
v0(t)

BPF

Here output v0 will have frequencies

A.
900, 1000 & 1100 Hz
B.
C.
1100 Hz
D.

900 & 1000 Hz

900 & 1100 Hz

Q.20. Consider a sampled signal y(t) = 5 106 x(t) (t nTs) here

n =

Ts = 5 sec. If x(t) is a band limited signal having freqn 100 kHz, and y(t) is passed through an ideal
low pass filter with a cut off freqn of
50 kHz, then output of filter is
(a)
x(t) (t)
(b)
(t)
(c)
5 106 x(t)
Q.21. An ON-OFF binary system us the pulse waveforms:

(d)

x(t)

t
A sin 0 t T
s(t )
T
0 0 t T

Let A = 0.2 m volt and T = 2 sec. If Additive white noise with a P.S.D
added to the signal. Determine Probability of error.
1
(a) Q 10
(b)Q 10
(c)2Q 10
2

N0
10 15W / Hz
2

is

(d )Q 5

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Q.22

Zero mean white Gaussian noise with a one sided Power Spectral Density (P.S.D) of 8 W/kHz is
passed through an ideal low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 2 kHz and a pass band gain of 1to
produce noise output n(t): Auto-correlation function of noise n (t) as a function of is
(a)
Rectangular
(b)
Sinc function
(c)
Triangular
(d)
Sinc2 function.
Q.23. An arbitrary signal m(t) has zero average value and it is band limited to 3.2 KHz. If it is sampled at
rate of 8 k, samples/sec and samples are passed through an ideal Band Pass Filter with centre
frequency of 32 kHz & band width of 6.4 KHz then output of band pass filter is:
(a)
AM DSB with full carrier (b)
AM DSB with suppressed carrier
(c)
AM SSB with carrier
(d)
A sequence of exponentially decaying sine-wave.
Q.24. 12, signals each band limited to 5 kHz are to be transmitted over a single channel by FDM.
(If AM-SSB, modulation guard band of 1 kHz is used, then the band width of Multiplexed signal is)
(a)
51 kHz
(b)
61 kHz
(c)
71 kHz
(d)
81 kHz
Q.25. For the given block, diagram shown in figure what is the value of carrier frequency in MHz at the
output of FM, transmitter:

where n1 and n2 are multipliers

It is given that f1 equal to 200 KHz, fLO = 10.8 MHz n1 = 64 and n2 = 48
Q.26. For given signal S(t) shown below what is the slope of matched filter output during interval 1 t 2
is:
S(t)
+2
2
O

-2

Q.27. If variance x2 of d(n) = x(n) x(n 1) is one tenth of variance x2 of a stationary zero-mean
discrete time signal x(n), then normalized Auto correlation function

RXX (k )

x2

at k 1 is:

Q.28. In AM, receiver, operating with a sinusoidal modulating signal and 50% modulation has an o/p SNR
of 30 dB. What is the numerical value of carrier to noise ratio.
Q.29. An envelope detector has a source resistance RS = 75 ohm and a load resistance RL = 10 k if C = 2
105 Rad/sec, m = 2 103 Rad/sec then suitable value of C in micro farad is:
Common data for questions (30 31)
If a signal x(t) has band width of 100 kHz.
y(t) = x(t/2) is convolved with x(t).
ie. Z(t) = x(t) y(t)
30.
Maximum frequency of z(t) will be:
31.
Sampling Frequency of z (t) is:
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Data for linked questions (32 33)

If base band signal m(t) in frequency translated signal v(t) = m(t) cos(2 fct)is recovered by
multiplying waveform cos(2 fc t + ) to v(t). If m(t) is band limited to 10 kHz, then to recover m (t)
by 90% of maximum possible value.
32.
33.

Value of maxm allowable phase must be.

(a)
cos1 (0.9)
(b)
cos1 (1.8)
Value of Minimum frequency fc must be.
(a)
5 kHz (b)
10 kHz
(c)

(c)
15 kHz

sin1 (0.8)
(d)

(d)

sin1 (0.7)

20 kHz.

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ECE-GATE 2014 Topic Test-Communication theory-solution:

1.

(D)

Envelop Detector

s t A.M wave
+
s(t)

Graph on time domain

Always keep time constant RC

1
. If is very low then large amount of ripple will be
fc

Formed.
If is very high then if capacitor will not discharge properly and diagonal clipping problem
will be present. If RC

1
fm

Asynchronous

Output of envelop detector = m t D.C signal

2.

(B)

f c , f m out put fc f m , fe 2f m , f e 3f m This will arise when all harmonics are presents.

Square, Triangular & Saw tooth will have only odd harmonic. So message signal will have frequency
f m, 3f m & 5f m

So modulated signal will have fc f m , f m 3f m , fc 5f m

f c 1MHz
f m 10KHz
f c f m 1010KHz
f c f m 990KHz
f c _ 3f m 1030KHz
fc 3f m 970Hz

3.

(C)

4.

(B)

s t A c C0 c t k f m t dt

ma 2
Signal for AM Pt Pc 1

Pt

Ac2
Unmodulated carrier power.
2

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5.

(C)

Capture effect

It remove weak signal & catch only strong signals amplitude

Noise is unwanted thing which has fixed amplitude and contain infinite no of frequency.

Signal to Noise is very small then there will be clocking of sound when to known as
threshold effect
Narrow band detection cant be done by envelop detector. Because Envelop contains
Amplitude where as F.M. contain frequency.

6.

(A)

7.

(B)

x t x I cos c t x Q sin c t
Envelop =

x 2I x Q2

x t Ac cos c t
x(t) Ac cos c cos Ac sin c t sin
x I Ac cos

x Q Ac sin

Envelop Ac cos 2 Ac2 sin 2

Ac

So Envelop of F.M is always constant and is equal to amplitude of un-modulated carrier.

8.
(C)
91.1, 104, 98, 100...

10.7MHz
R.F
91.1+10.7=101.8Hz

I.F

Mixer

Detector

m(t)

104+10.7=114.7Hz
L.O
(Local oscillator)

Image frequency rejection.

fi fs

fs fi

A.M: fs 1000KHz say

fi fs 2I.F fi 1000 2 455 1910 I.F 455

1910 1000 1.386

1910 1000

1000 1910
1910000
2

For A.M

For F.M: Let fs 100MHz, IF 10.7MHz, fi fs 2IF 100 21.4 121.4

121.4 100

0.39
100 121.4
Image frequency rejection is very small in case of F.M without R.F. and is very high in A.M without R.F. So
R.F amplifier is optional in A.M where as it is necessary in F.M

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9.

(D)

For equally probable signal

H log 2 M

log 2 26
10.

(C)

log 26
4.7
log 2

For BPSK

S1 t A cos c t 1
A cos c t 1 or zero
= Acosc t
For BPSK Two units are 0 & 1.
For QPSK Four units are 00, 01, 10, 11
8 array P.S.K 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111

M 2N For M array PSK

if N 1, M 2 0,1
N 2, M 4 00, 01,10,11
N 3, M 8 000, 001, 111

2f
B. W for M-array P.S.K = b
N

For BPSK 2fb

2f b
2
2f
8...... b
3
QPSK

11.
12.

(C)
(B)

13.

(A)

Eb
1
Pe min erfc
2
N0

BPSK

0.25E b
1
Pe min erfc
2
N0

ASK

0.5E b
1
Pe min erfc
2
N0

Orthogonal FSK

0.6E b
1
Pe min erfc
2
N0

Non orthogonal FSK

E
1
Pe min exp s
2
N0

DPSK

Ask has highest whereas BPSK has lowest probability error

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14.

BPSK superior to FSK by 3dB. In case of orthogonal F.S.K.

PSK it superior to non orthogonal FSK by around 2dB.

PSK is superior to ASK by 6 dB.

F.S.K is superior to ASK by around 3 to 4dB

Ans=99.44%

m2
Pt Pc 1 a The power is only valid when message is sinusoidal signal
2

ma 0.5
1 9
Pt Pc 1 Pc
8 8
m 2 P
Pt' Pc a c
4 16

9
P
P c
Pt Pt' 8 c
16 17
% Saving

100 94.44%
9Pc
Pt
18
8

15.
16.

m2
Ans=10 Watt Pt Pc 1 a
2

Ans=1.2 MHz
B.W 2f 2f m

f k f .Am
k f Amplitude Sensitivity
W k f .Am
W 2f Hertz
eg. : 10 rad / s.volt
5Hz / volt
f 25KHz 20 500KHz

f m 100KHz
B.W 1200KHz 1.2 MHz

17.

(A)

y1 (t ) [A m(t )]cos 2 c t
A + m(t)

(1 cos 2c t)
2

A + m(t)
y2 (t)

18.

(D)

DSB-SC, will generate 4 2 KHz ie. 2KHz & 6KHz

sampler will sample only 2 KHz & after passing through LPF output will be 2KHz.

19.

(A)

v2(t) = 10 cos(2000 t) + 4 sin(200 t)

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10

+ 0.1 cos2(2000 t) + 16 sin2(400 t)

+ 40 [sin (2200 t)+cos (1800 t)]
m(t)
Capacitor will block DC signal y(t)
2
20.
(D)
21.
(B)
22.
(B)
23.
(A)
24.
(B)
B.W of Multiplexed = 125 + 1= 61 KHz
25.
Ans=96 MHz
f2 = 20064 = 12.8 MHz
f3 = 12.8 10.8 = 2 MHz
Carrier freqn = 248 = 96 MHz
26.
Ans=8
Just take energy of this given signal
27.
Ans=0.95
d(n) = x(n) x(n 1)

d (n)

x 2 (n) x 2 (n 1) 2 x(n) x(n 1)

Mean square value - E d 2 (n) E x 2 (n) E x 2 (n 1) 2E x(n) x(n 1)

d2 x2 x2 2 RXX (1) d2 .1 x2
0.1 x2 2 x2 2 RXX (1)
RXX (1)

2
x

1.90
0.95
2

28. Ans=4000
29. Ans=0.01 Micro Farad
30. Ans=300 KHz &31.Ans=600 KHz.
x(t) has freqn of 100 KHz
y(t) = x(t/2) has freqn of 200 KHz
z(t) = y(t) y(t) will have freqn of 100 + 200 = 300 KHz
Sampling freqn of z(t) = 600 KHz
32.
(A)
33.
(B)
m(t )
y(t) = m(t). cos (2 fC t). cos (2 fct + )=
[cos(4 f ct ) cos ]
2
m(t )
After passing LPF: v1 (t )
cos
2

m(t )
m(t )
cos 0.9
2
2

cos 0.9 cos 1 (0.9)

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