BOND VALUATION

BOND FORMULA:

( 1+ r d )

BV =

M
N
( 1+ r d )

t =1

BV = INT ( PVIFA r

rd
INT
N
M

:
:
:
:

d ,N ,

) +M ( PVIF rd, N )

market interest rate

coupon interest rate (coupon rate x par value)
years of maturity
par or face value

Example:
Calculate the VB for 15-years bond, which has $1000 face
value, and provide the 10% of annual interest rate.
Assume that the market interest rate is 10%.
PREMIUM AND DISCOUNT BOND
A. PREMIUM BOND:
1. The VB of bond will far beyond its par value
2. The cause is: the decreasing value of market interest
rate bellow the coupon rate
3. Example:
Calculate the VB for 15-years bond, which has $1000
face value, and provide the 10% of annual interest
rate. Assume that the market interest rate is 5%.
4. What is the logic behind the premium bond? Why
when the market interest rate fell bellow the coupon
rate the VB is increasing?

B. DISCOUNT BOND:
1. The VB of bond fell bellow its par value
2. The cause is: the increasing value of market interest
rate beyond the coupon rate
3. Example:
Calculate the VB for 15-years bond, which has $1000
face value, and provide the 10% of annual interest
rate. Assume that the market interest rate is 15%.
4. What is the logic behind the discount bond? Why
when the market interest rate increase beyond the
coupon rate the VB is decreasing?
BOND YIELDS
A. YIELD TO MATURITY (YTM):
1. Yield is different with coupon interest rate which is
fixed
2. The bond yield is vary resulting from bond price
fluctuation in the bond market/capital market
3. Yield to Maturity (YTM) means the total yield that will
be gained, if the investor holds the bond until its
maturity date.
4. Hence, YTM will consist of: interest yield and capital
gain yield
5. Example:
A 5-year bond provide with $1000 of face value, offer
10% coupon interest rate. A year after the issues date
the market interest rate increases up to 15%.
Supposed the investor hold the bond until maturity,
how many % is the yield that will be gain the
investor?
B. YIELD TO CALL
1. YTC is the total yield gained from the bond if it is sold
before its maturity
2. It is possible for the callable bond, that is bond that
can be drawn back by its issuer/company
3. The bond is callable when the market interest rate
decreasing

a. It is benefited the issuer

b. It is damaged the investor
4. The callable bond need some agreements among the
issuer and the investor:
a. The issuer should pay the bond with the higher
price than its face value, it is called Call Price

b. The formula:

( 1+ r d )

BV =

Call Price
N
( 1+r d )

t =1

N = grace period
5. Example:
A 5-year bond provide with $1000 of face value, offer
10% coupon interest rate. A year after the issues date
the market interest rate decreases up to 5%.
Supposed the issuer call the bond at the price $1100
at the 3rd year.