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SD-FI
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n
ECC6.0
Date
Author
Amit Shrivastava
Comment
General
SD-FI
Table of Contents
1. PURPOSE
3
2. DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
ISSUE/ERROR.3
3. RESOLUTION/FIX
FOR
ISSUE3
4. ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
(IF
.3
THE
ANY)
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SD-FI
2. Description:
SAP R/3 is a fully integrated system. So, when a
change is made to one application module, R/3 automatically updates
the corresponding data in the other application modules. The
automatic update of information in R/3 occurs as soon as data is
entered into the system (real-time processing).
FI-SD Integration is also very important integration in SAP R/3.
3. Details: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages are developed
to run the organization as a whole and on the same lines, SAP does
not allow any function to work in isolation, so, all modules like MM, PP,
SD and FICO work together. Thus, SAP helps to inter-link all
departments like Sales, Production, Purchase, and Finance in a
company. This continuous and runtime interaction ensures better
organization level planning and management. This interaction is viceversa, that is, not in one way, all the functions communicate with each
other (where ever required), and so information flows both ways on
need basis.
The integration of application modules in real-time allows all the
employees in company to see the most up-to-date information.
Modules need to talk to each other, as part of the daily routine of
running Business.
Especially, all modules need to have an interface / integration
necessarily with FI (and CO too, if its implemented)
SAP is divided into modules, each representing a distinct Business
Functionality / Department in the brick-&-mortar world
Finance & Controlling (FICO) Finance / Accounting / Budgeting
Department
Sales & Distribution (SD) Sales / Customer Care Department
Materials Management (MM) Purchasing Department
Human Resources (HR) Personnel / HR Department
Production Planning (PP) / Plant Management (PM)
Manufacturing Department
Quality Management (QM) Quality Assurance Department
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Sales Quotation
No Accounting
(FI) Effect
Finished
Goods
Stock
Checking?
FI Document Created
COGS Dr.
To FG Stock Cr.
Delivery of Goods to
Customer (Transaction
VL01N) Picking, Loading,
Scheduling, PGI
FI Document Created
Customer Dr.
To Sales A/C Cr.
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Sales Order
Invoicing (Billing)
Goods Issue
Invoicing (Billing)
Credit Management
At PGI, the accounting document debits cost of goods sold and credits inventory.
At Invoicing (Billing), the accounting document debits the customer and credits
revenue.
Document flow is a tool that allows you to view the related documents in
the process.
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SD-FI
Organization Structure:
Organizational Elements include:
Plant
Sales Organization
Distribution Channel
Division
Sales Area
Storage Location
Sales: General/Plant
Client
Company
Code 2
Company
Code 1
Plant
1
Storage
Location 1
Plant
3
Plant
2
Plant
4
SALES AREA
Sales Organization
1
Distribution
Channel 1
Sales Office
Sales Group
Division 1
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Sales Organization: Sales organizations are responsible for sales in SAP. A Company Code
can be linked to several sales organizations.
Legally, a sales organization is included in exactly one company code.
Within a sales organization, we can define our own master data. This allows a sales
organization to have its own customer and material master data as well as its own
conditions and pricing.
We can define our own sales document types within a sales organization.
All items in a sales & distribution document, that is, all items of an order, delivery or
a billing document belong to a sales organization.
A sales organization is the highest summation level (after the organizational unit
Client) for sales statistics with their own statistics currency.
The sales organization is used as a selection criterion for the lists of sales documents
and for the delivery and billing due list.
For each sales organization, we can determine the printer for output differently
based on sales and billing documents.
If we do not distinguish different sales organizations in our company, we can use sales
organization 0001 as a "general sales organization".
To define a sales organization, enter a four-character alphanumeric key and a
description. Enter an address as well.
Definition of Organization Units in SD:
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When we will execute Check Master Data Relevant for Account Assignment, we will
get the following screen:
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Here we define which account groups we need for materials and customers to be able to
group the master records together for account determination.
We should ensure that the account groups are entered in the material master records and
customer master records.
Material Account Assignment Group: Material Account Assignment Group is a field
specifically used for identifying the group of materials with the same accounting
requirements.
Reasonable subdivisions of materials can, for example, be:
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Material Account Assignment Group is maintained in Sales: Sales Org View 2 in Material
Master as shown below:
The system automatically proposes the account assignment group in the Sales Documents
from Material Master.
Customer Account Assignment Group: Customer Account Assignment Group is a field
specifically used for identifying the group of customers with the same accounting
requirements.
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Reasonable subdivisions for customers can, for example, be:
Revenues
Revenues
Revenues
Revenues
Revenues
for
for
for
for
for
Customer Account Assignment Group is maintained in Billing Tab of Sales Area Data in
Customer Master as shown below:
The system automatically proposes the Account Assignment Group from Customer Master of
the Payer into the Sales Document. This can be changed in Sales document or Billing
document.
Condition Tables with Field Catalogs:
When we will execute Define Dependencies of Revenue Account Determination, we
will get the following screen:
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Field Catalog: Field Catalogs are used in the Condition Tables. One can define the Fields in
the Field Catalog. This Field Catalog Identifies a field that we can select when we create or
maintain a Condition Table.
Condition Tables: Condition Tables are defined with the Combination of fields from the
Field Catalogs for Account Determination.
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Name
Cust.Grp/MaterialGrp/AcctKey
Cust.Grp/Account Key
Material Grp/Acct Key
General
Acct Key
Apart from these 5 Standard Condition Tables, we can also create our own Condition Tables.
When creating the condition table, we have to select a key between 501 and 999 for the
condition table.
Access Sequence: In Access Sequence, we maintain a sequence of Condition Tables with
which these will be accessed during determination of G/L Accounts at the time of Billing.
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Account Keys: Account keys are defined by specifying an alphanumeric key with up to 3
characters and a description.
The following account keys are predefined in the standard SAP R/3 System:
ERL revenues
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Assignment of Account Key with Condition Type: Account Keys are allocated the
condition types in the pricing procedures.
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Assignment of G/L Accounts (Transaction Code VKOA):
Scenario in SAP
Transaction: VA03
Sales Order: 14485 (Order Type OR Standard Order)
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Document Flow:
Delivery: 80016270
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Accounting Document at the time of Delivery (at the time of PGI): 4900000129
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In MM
Billing Document: 90037256 (Billing Type F2 - Invoice)
Accounting Document at the time of Billing: 1400000017 (Document Type RV Billing doc.
transfer)
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Credit Management
Credit Management is an important functionality to be implemented in every organization
for the following reasons:
To increase the Sales by extending the credit limit to customers who has a good
payment track record.
To minimize the risk of loss from bad debts by restricting or denying credit to
customers who do not have a good payment record.
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Open Items Value is the value of Sales Order has been saved ,
Delivered, Invoiced & Transferred to FI, but not received the payment from the
customer.
If Credit Limit exceeds, the available options of systems reaction are:
Credit Check A: Run Simple Credit Check with
(Information)
Warning
Message
Credit Check B: Run Simple Credit Check with Error Message (Sales Order
will not be allowed to Save)
Credit Check C: Run Simple Credit Check with Delivery Block. (Sales Order
will be created but Delivery will be blocked)
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Scenarios:
Credit Limit for Customer T-L63A19 (Credit Control Area 1000):
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References:
http://help.sap.com
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Use
In the R/3 System, you can configure your system to automate calculation and posting of sales
and use tax. When posting a document, the system automatically determines the sales and use
tax amounts and assigns the amounts to the appropriate accounts or retains the information for
reporting.
Calculation Procedure
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To calculate sales and use tax in the United States, you must assign one of the
three calculation
procedures, namely, TAXUSJ, TAXUS, and TAXUSX. The calculation procedure you
choose depends on your specific business requirements. When you create a company code using the
template for the United States, the system automatically creates the following calculation procedures.
TAXUS - Based on tax codes, but not jurisdiction codes (Non-jurisdiction method)
TAXUSJ - Based on tax jurisdiction method with tax codes (Jurisdiction method)
TAXUSX - Used in combination with third-party tax calculation packages (TAXWARE International
and Vertex)
A calculation procedure is assigned by country. The relationship is that a country has only one calculation
procedure but a calculation procedure can be assigned too many countries.
Step 1: The tax configuration details are stored in the tax procedure. The first step is to assign
the tax procedure to the country in which the company code exists. Navigate to the
Implementation Guide menu path as shown below or execute the transaction code OBBG.
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Step 3: Click on the save button to save the changes. A success message showing that the
changes have been saved is displayed.
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Tax Code
When you create a company code using the template for the United States, the system sets up sample
tax codes for the calculation procedures TAXUSJ and TAXUSX. You can either use the tax codes
provided or create your own using these as samples.
Tax codes for TAXUSJ
Tax code
Description
S0
S1
I0
I1
U0
U1
Description
I0
I1
I3
O0
O1
O2
O5
U1
Step 1: Navigate to the Implementation Guide menu path as shown in the screenshot below or
execute the transaction code FTXP from the SAP Easy Access menu.
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Step 2: Enter the country in the pop -up as shown in the screenshot below and click on the
continue button.
Step 3: Enter the tax jurisdiction code and the other details on the screen as shown in the
screenshot below and press the Enter key. The tax code represents the type of the tax for which
the rates are going to be maintained.
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Step 4: Enter the tax rates as shown in the screenshot below. These tax rates can be used to
calculate the tax while posting a document in SAP. The method of calculation will be determined
on the basis of the tax calculation procedure.
Step 5: Click the save button to save the changes. A success message indicating that the changes
have been saved is displayed.
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Use
When posting a document or calculating prices, you use jurisdiction codes in combination with tax codes
to calculate tax amounts. Moreover, the jurisdiction code determines how the tax amount is divided
among the different tax authorities.
If you use the tax calculation method with jurisdictions, you have two options to calculate taxes:
1. Using calculation procedure TAXUSJ, you manually enter the required jurisdiction codes and
enter the corresponding tax percentages.
2. Using calculation procedure TAXUSX, you calculate taxes in an external system which contains
jurisdiction codes and their corresponding percentages.
Structure
A jurisdiction structure is a freely definable 15 character field with up to four levels. A level corresponds to
a tax authority such as state, country or local government.
For example, a jurisdiction code using the TAXUSJ structure has nine characters with the first two
denoting the state, the next three denoting the county or parish within the state and the last four denoting
the city.
Jurisdiction of the state of Pennsylvania - PA0000000
Jurisdiction of the county of Allegheny - PA0010000
Jurisdiction of the city of Pittsburgh - PA0010100
Integration
Jurisdiction codes are defined for key master records. For sales transactions, the jurisdiction code is
determined based on indicators on the customer and material. For purchasing transactions, the
jurisdiction code is determined based on indicators on the material for simple tax scenarios.
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Step 2: Enter the work area details in the pop-up as shown in the screenshot below and click on
the continue button.
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Step 3: Enter the tax jurisdiction code and its description as shown in the
screenshot below. On the basis of the configuration for the tax jurisdiction code structure, the
first two letters of the tax jurisdiction code will represent the state, the next three letters will
represent the county, and the next four letters will represent the city. Therefore, every tax
jurisdiction code will be nine characters long. It will be possible to determine the correct taxing
authority on the basis of the tax the jurisdiction code described above.
Step 4: Click on the save button to save the new tax jurisdiction code. A success message
indicating that the new tax jurisdiction code has been saved is displayed.
Tax Determination
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The system automatically determines the amount of tax and how the tax is
distributed among jurisdictions. Several factors influence tax determination such as the origin and
destination of goods and the material/customer taxability. In a sales transaction, the ship-to location
determines the jurisdiction code. In a purchasing transaction, the location where consumption occurs
determines the jurisdiction code. Other factors that influence the tax rate include:
Customer taxability
Some customers such as non-profit organizations may be tax exempt.
Material taxability
Raw materials used for manufacturing will typically be exempt while finished goods are
typically taxable. Another example - race horses may have a different tax rate than farm
horses.
Indicators on the customer and material master records allow you to determine taxability. These indicators
are used in condition records to specify the tax code in transactions. For example, the customer and
material taxability indicators are criteria in determining tax codes in a sales transaction.
Features
The three methods include:
Non-jurisdiction method
With this method, you allocate percentage rates to tax codes. This method is seldom used.
Jurisdiction method
With this method, you manually define the jurisdiction for every region in which you do business.
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settings. Every company assigned to the country uses the same method.
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Communications between ERP and a sales/use tax package are established using SAP RFC (Remote Function Calls). You
must create an RFC destination that specifies the type of communication and the directory path in which the tax package
executable or shell scripts program is installed. You must set up the RFC destination as a TCP/IP communication protocol.
The destination name is user defined.
IMG Path: Financial accounting (New)>Financial accounting global settings (New)>Taxes on sales/purchases>Basic
settings>External tax calculation>Define physical destination
1.
* *Choose Execute;
2.
Choose Create;
3.
Select and input a logical name for the RFC Destination, VERTEX;
4.
5.
6.
Choose Enter;
7.
B) SAP and Tax Software Package reside on different servers If ERP and the external tax package were to
reside on different servers, then this would be an explicit communication setup. Click Explicit host. In the
field Program, input the external tax packages executable or shell script program along with the directory
path in which it was installed. In the field Target Host, enter the host name of the server where the
external tax package resides. Click Save.]
8.
If necessary, set up the correct SAP gateway host and gateway service. This setup is frequently an area of
concern. An understanding of the directory path is of utmost importance.
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Transaction: SM59
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The entries for the fields under Start on Explicit Host must be pretended by your system administrator.
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