Acknowledgement

I have been blessed to have an extra-ordinary support team of my family and

friends who helped me on every step of my personal voyage I call a life.
I express my deep gratitude towards our college who give us an opportunity to
have Industrial Training which will not only make us competent towards
technology but also it will become very fruitful for our inter personal skills.
I will give my level best to gain experience of industry responses, customer
behavior and working of esteemed organization.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to
(Training and
Placement Officer) with whose I am able to join Connect for six month industrial
Training.
I also like to show my gratitude towards Er. -----------------under whose guidance
I am taking my training in a fruitful way.

Chapter: 1
Company Profile

QTL Infotel Ltd. (Infotel) is part of the QTL Group. Established in the year
1987, under the name Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd. has developed a
vast base for manufacturing indigenous telecom equipment in India. It started with
manufacturing Transmission Equipment and soon expanded its product portfolio to
manufacture Access Equipment, Optical Fiber Cable, Accessories and Terminal
Equipment. It also provides turnkey solutions for setting up various types of
telecom networks.
HFCL (former name) is a prominent supplier of Telecom Equipment to the state
owned Incumbents Telecom Companies and Private Operators. It provides turnkey
services to various telecom operators and public enterprises such as the Indian
Railways, Ministry of Defense and other government departments. It has
established a diverse customer base.
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QTL Infotel Ltd. (Infotel) is a business venture of the HFCL Group. Infotel is a
"Total Telecom Solutions Provider" offering Fixed Line telephony
(Telephone Services), Mobile telephony, Broadband Services, Customized
Data Services and Value Added Services.
Infotel provides a world class telecom experience when it comes to technology,
products, customer services, Launched in Punjab in the year 2000 under the
Connect brand name. Infotel has set up state-of-the-art networks with coverage in
over 200 towns of Punjab with extensive optical fiber network coverage of over
4,000 km.
Infotel Broadband network supports interactive multimedia services, and can
handle high quality content, high speed internet access and a large number of
interactive applications including B2B and B2C e-commerce. Infotel supports a
wide Public Call Office (PCO) network across the state of Punjab & Chandigarh.
Now with over 45,000 PCOs, Infotel is deemed to have the largest PCO network in
India among all private fixed line services operator in a single circle.

The Average Revenue per Line (ARPL) for Infotel is among the highest in the
country. There is a clear focus on acquiring quality subscribers through well
planned rollouts and focused revenues in marketing strategy.
Infotel has set up state- of- art networks with coverage in over almost all towns of
Punjab with an extensive optical fiber network coverage of over 4,000 km. Today,
Infotel is one of Punjabs leading private sector telecommunication service
providers with an aggregate customer base of 5,10,263 as on 31st Dec 2009.

Our Vision
To be the most admired telecommunication and infotainment services brand
through innovation and excellence.

Our Mission
Deliver cutting edge telecommunication and infotainment products & services
through convergent digital technologies, ensuring customer delight.

Chapter: 2
Departments in Connect (Infotel)
There are various departments in this esteemed company which are working as a
unit in order to deliver cutting edge telecommunication and infotainment products
which in essence ensures customer delight. These are as follows:

DMA Department.
Sales Department.
CMG Department.
Technical Department.
Let us discuss these departments in brief:-

2.1: DMA Department:DMA is expanded as Direct Marketing Agent. As its name

implies it is related to Marketing of brand. Its basic purpose is to create attraction
of brand among the customers.

2.2: Sales Department:

This department handles the actual sales of the Infotel. It
also checks the feasibility (under the guidance of technical department) i.e.
whether company can provide the service to the new customers or not .This is due
to the fact that sometimes customers have premises where networks have not laid
down yet .In such case this department has the power to deny the new connections.

2.3: CMG Department:CMG is expanded as Credit Management Group. Sole

purpose of this department is to generate bills for the customers of the utilized
services.

2.4: Technical Department:As related to the communication technologies,

this department is the heart of the esteemed organization. Due to occurrence of
diversity in work, this department is further is classified into various subdepartments which are as follows: Planning & Rollout section.
LAC section.
Fiber section.
Data Support Section.
Let us discuss this section briefly as follows:2.4.1: Planning & Rollout section:It is significant sub department for the installations
of new nodes in order to cope up with demands of new customers.
Basic functions of this branch are as follows: Do survey of the location and its vicinity.
Use survey outcome and software like Google Earth ,Auto -CAD to make
the maps which is vital for installing new networks.
2.4.2: LAC section:This can be expanded as Loop Allocation centre. This branch
acts like an interface between technical and the sales department. This unit actually
allocate the resources like node feeder, voice port at MDF etc. to the customers.
2.4.3: Data Support Section:This unit deals with data related problems.
Whenever any customer complaint comes, it firstly understands the
problem by gathering allocating resources status from related node

(i.e. location near to the customer premises where devices are installed
which facilitates networking) and sometimes from the Central Access
(CA).
After rectifying the problem, associated persons take steps to resolve
it.
Let us see the fault details of this unit on the official OXYGEN
software:-

Fig: 1. Figure showing allocated resource of customer who

registered the complaint.

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Chapter: 3
Training Project
At start I get chance to get training under Data Support Department whose sole
purpose is to maintain data connectivity services healthy and reliable. During
working such crucial departments where we have to firstly recognize the faults and
then rectify them, understanding of how data flows from customer premises to
internet network is quite mandatory.

Note
It is important to note here that Training Project for a student who
gets training in a telecom company (that facilitates services like telephone,
broadband) is (in essence) Understanding the network establish by company,
working set-up of the company and technologies deploy for the
telecommunication.
To understand this, a block diagram which gives us abstract information of data
flow is given as follows:-

Fig: 2. Figure showing data flow from subscriber premises to Internet.

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At subscriber premises, ADSL modems are act as interface between computer (or
router) and telephone lines.
Next to customer premises, we can generally observe the distribution posts (DPs),
cabinets and underground wirings which terminate at vertical (line) side of Main
Distribution frame (MDF).From horizontal (system) side of MDF, Data move
towards DSLAM. It is an electronic device which is employed to generate
multiplexed (or composite) signal for efficient transmission of data towards the
transport network at very high speeds. Then data reach at Broadband Remote
Access Server (BRAS) which is used to switch data to and from DSLAM from
and to the Internet Service Provider networks according to downloading and
uploading applications respectively.

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Chapter: 3
Subscriber premises
Customers are the most important asset of any company. Satisfaction of the
customers is one the major goals of the company. For facilitating the broadband
services at the customer end, we (company) employ certain circuitry for optimum
reasons which will be discussed later.
At customer premise, devices use for providing internet services (ADSL
technology) are as follows: ADSL modem.
ADSL splitter/ LPF.

Fig: 3. Figure showing devices use in Customer Premises.

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3.1: ADSL modem:It is used to connect a computer (or router for Wi-Fi
services) with conventional telephone line which provides the Digital Subscriber
Line (DSL) services for the connectivity of Internet which is typically called as
DSL Broadband.

Fig: 4. ADSL modem at customer premises.

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3.2: ADSL Splitter:A DSL splitter or LPF is an analog low pass filter is used to filter out high
frequency signal which may create interference with conventional voice signal.
Let us see the functioning of ADSL splitter diagrammatically:-

Fig: 5. Conventional voice signal appearance without

using ADSL splitter.

Fig: 6. Conventional voice signal appearance with using ADSL splitter.

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Chapter: 3
Subscriber Line
Next to customer premises, outer connections are there which act as interface
between customer premises and exchange.
These outer connections comprise of: Distribution Points (DPs).
Street Cabinets.
Underground Wirings.

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Fig: 7.Figure showing flow of (data +voice) from customer premises to

exchange.

Chapter: 4
Abstract View of an Exchange
Circuitry employs at an exchange: Main Distribution Frame (MDF).
Plain Old telephone Services (POTS).
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM).
Let us discuss these equipments briefly:-

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4.1: Main Distribution Frame (MDF):It is basically interface between the subscriber cables coming in from all directions
and the switching system.
MDF comprises of two sides:
Vertical (line) side.
Horizontal (system) side.
Vertical side contains the subscriber connections which arrive directly from
subscriber privacies via outer connections (i.e. DPs, Pillar and underground
wiring).
Horizontal side contains connections from system cables. Vertical side and
Horizontal side join to each other via Jumpers.

Fig: 8. MDF Sides.

4.2: Plain Old telephone Services (POTS) Equipment:These

equipments are employed to support the POTS i.e. conventional voice service
whose infrastructure is mutually used for DSL technology.

4.2: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM):19

As its
name implies, this electronic device facilitate multiplexing. As we know,
multiplexing means sequentially or simultaneously sharing of communication
medium by number of subscriber lines.
Fundamental purpose of DSLAM is that it aggregates the digital data streams
coming from a number of subscribers into a composite signal and transmits this
signal on a high speed and high capacity handling channel (which may be ATM or
Gigabit Ethernet back-haul) which then reach to Internet Service Provider (ISP).
As its fundamental nature,DSLAM plays a great role in Resource Sharing.

Fig: 9. Physical structure of DSLAM.

Chapter: 5
Transport Network
From previous discussion as we know, vitally DSLAM generate a Composite
signal and transmits it towards the ISP during unlinking and vice-versa for down
linking.

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But to perform such crucial tasks, we must implement some strong technology
linking DSLAM with ISP which serve the purpose of high speed communication
channel along with high capacity capabilities.
For this we have two technologies, which are as follows: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Communication using Ethernet.
Let us discuss them briefly:-

5.1: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM):As ATM was the main High
speed data backbone transport used in telecom during the initial DSL rollout
(nearly 1999-2001), typical DSL networks access architecture developed at that
time used ATM Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).

Fig: 10. Transport network using ATM technology.

5.2: Communication using Ethernet:Today due to quest for more profitable

Value Added Services (VAS) such as:-

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 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). ok

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and so on.
Such VAS in addition to high speed bandwidth has placed new
bandwidth scalability and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements ahead of the
DSL network providers.
While existing ATM based networks had the requirements of high Qos
capabilities, their development, and maintenance cost had caused the DSL
network providers to look Ethernet and IP-based architectures as an alternative
to the conventional ATM backhaul.

Fig: 11. Abstract view of Transport network using Ethernet technology.

Optimistic Challenges
Related to customer premises sub part:22

Q: What is the technical function of ADSL Modem?

Q: What is the architecture of ADSL Modem?
Related to subscriber line subpart:Q: What is the architecture of DSLAM?
Related to transport Network:Q: How Ethernet work between DSLAM and BRAS?
Arbitrary Questions:Q: What is the role of ASMI-52 device in facilitating Ethernet?

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