1.

1 A) Carl Rogers Quiz activity sheet 1-identify with a tick the 16

relevant statements and features of the Carl Rogers person
centred care/therapeutic approach.
See my activity sheet 1.
B) Using activity sheet 2, briefly explain how you put each of the
9 PCP values into your practice.
See my activity sheet 2.
1.2 Using activity sheet 2, briefly explain the importance of working
within the scope of the 9 Person centred values.
See my activity sheet 2.
1.3 & 5.2 Using activity sheet 3, read the case study and then
complete the 5 questions on peoples right to take risks.
See my activity sheet 3.
1.4 A) Explain the role of person centred care plan.
Each person living in a care home should have their own individual care
plan. The care plan should summarise how staff can encourage and maintain
the unique strengths of the individual while meeting their needs for support.
This plan should be reviewed at regular intervals.
A care plan sets out in some detail the daily care and support that has been
agreed should be provided to an individual. If I am employed as a career, it
acts as a guide to me in terms of what sorts of activities are expected of me.
Person centred planning is a process of continually listening, and learning;
focussed on what is important to the person now, and for the future; and
acting upon this in alliance with their family and friends.
The quality of care that I can provide will be improved if I have knowledge of
the whole person, not just the current circumstances: knowledge can help
me for example to understand better why people behave in the way they do.
A care plan, based on a person centred approach, will help in understanding
some of this
B) Explain what details are included in a care plan.
Using a care plan contributes to working in a person centred way because I
have access to all the information I may need about the individual and can
offer what is best for the individual in a way who fit the individual as best as
possible.
Thats include information about the individuals
-communication (example: if individual has impairment of hearing or vision
that is only on one side),
-skin integrity (example: if individual has tissue damage)
-personal safety and mobility (example: if individual is a wheelchair user),

-mental state and cognition (example: if individual changes in mood or

behaviour),
-breathing (example: if the individual smokes, how their smoking is managed
in accordance with the care home smoking policy),
-eating and drinking (example: if the individual has swallowing difficulties the
consistency and amount of prescribed thickened fluids is recorded in
personal care plan),
-hydration (example: if the individual has risk of scalding assessed),
-oral care (information about the individual of how to provide mouth care for
teeth cleaning, gums and tongue),
-elimination (example: if the individual use catheter),
-personal hygiene and dressing (example: if the individual required
assistance with dressing),
-sleeping (example: if the individual take medication to assist to sleep),
-pain (example: if the individual has side effects of any analgesia),
-medication (example: if the individual self-medicates, a self-administration
of medication risk assessment has been completed in care plan),
-lifestyle (example: if the individual has religious, spiritual, cultural or diverse
needs and has requested it, a member of their faith has been contacted and
written in care plan),
-short term personal care plan (here are the individual choices and
preferences about short term care plan),
-end of life care (here is individual permission and relatives are aware of and
involved in the end of life care).
All the care plan information are valuable information and help to ask the
right questions and contributes to adjust as best as possible the needs of the
individual, what make feel good the individual to live the life day after day.
2.1 Why is it important to find out a persons history, preferences,
wishes and needs as part of a person centred approach?
Finding out peoples history, preferences, wishes and needs is very important
so that their support is person-centred. I can find out what they are able do
for themselves. The areas where they need support and how they like to
receive the support that they requires. I can find out their goals that they
would like to achieve.
People and their needs should be at the centre of the support process. My
role is to make sure that people have every opportunity to state exactly how
they wish their needs to be met, this is especially important when the issues
are difficult, sensitive or complex, some people will be able to share this
information personally others will need an advocate who will support them in
expressing their views. Depending if the individuals can communicate I can
ask them, or their family if they have family, if they have no family and
cannot communicate I have best interest meetings to discuss the care that

an individual may need. Care plans also have all the information that I need
about a persons history and preferences.
An important first step in person centred approaches is to understand each
persons unique way of getting their message across. This can vary from
person to person, and can depend on the persons level of spoken language,
their eye contact, and their body language. It is important in getting person
centred planning started that each individual is recognised as having their
own particular way of communicating. Without an understanding of this I will
struggle to achieve a person centred approach, and to hear about peoples
hopes and needs, and to achieving a better life for each person.
People dont lose their right to take part in decisions about their lives
because they have moved into a care home. They should be included in
plans and decisions about their care and support and be able to make
choices wherever possible. Whether it is choosing food, clothes or activities,
their likes and dislikes should be fully taken into account. If the individual can
do particular things for themselves, they should be encouraged to continue
to do so.
Personal dignity and privacy should be respected at all times. Individual
cultural or religious beliefs should also be taken into account. For example,
staff should address the person in whichever way the person prefers,
whether by their first name or more formally. Individuals, for example those
with dementia, have the right to expect those caring for them to try to
understand how they feel and to make time to offer support rather than
ignoring or humouring them. Staff should sit and chat to residents while they
are helping them with physical tasks such as washing and dressing. One
member of staff should have particular responsibility for the care of each
person. This staff member should have a clear idea of that persons life
history, habits and interests.
Sometime I can find myself in a difficult position when an individuals views
and expectations of the service needed are different from the views of the
other professionals, or of the individuals own relatives or carers. My role is to
represent the views of my individual service users and I should not get drawn
into the role of attempting to manipulate the procedures to ensure that the
individual achieves their desired outcome.

3.1 What factors can affect a persons capacity to make decisions

and give consent.

Consent means informed agreement to an action or decision; the process of

establishing consent will vary according to an individuals assessed capacity
to consent.
It is important to establish consent because it is a basic human right for
everyone to have the choice. Much of the treatment or support the individual
receives is either invasive or personal, so consent is essential as it protects
providers against legal challenge. Asking for consent is also part of the codes
of practice for social care.
The question of capacity to make decisions is highly complex and must be
considered carefully.
Factors that can affect a persons capacity to give a consent can be: they
are unconscious, do not understand what they are being asked to consent
to , have not been given information or are unable to process the
information, their ability fluctuates so the worker should try later. A person
who is an infant, is mentally incompetent, or is under the influence of drugs
is incapable of giving consent. Consent must also be free of coercion or
fraud. Other factors include:
Mental conditions and mental capacity
Physical conditions or communication abilities
Availability, or lack of options
Awareness of choices
Age
Participation
Engagement.
3.2 & 3.3
A) What skills are required to help establish consent with an
individual?
It is always very important to establish the consent of the individual when
providing any care or support programme or procedure.
Dignity and privacy policies must be followed to establish a consent.
Consent must be obtained at all times to avoid misunderstandings. I would
encourage the individual to participate and inform me if there was any
procedure they are not comfortable with. Speaking clearly and at a level the
service user can understand should eliminate any misunderstandings or any
form of abuse being carried out. How the service user feels is the most
important thing. Care plans also are a valuable tool used in helping to
establish a consent. When working with any individual I would always check
their care plan, to see what beliefs and requirements are to allow me to carry
out my duties safely and without concern. In carrying out procedures in a
particular way with one patient might be acceptable to them but to another
it could be interpreted as abuse.

B) What steps do you need to take if consent could not be obtained?

When others make decisions for the individual, the care worker should talk to
the individual to ask that person whether he or she understands what has
been decided for them. Once the individual understands those decisions, he
or she should be encouraged to state whether they agree with them. If not,
then that individual should be enabled to question and challenge them either
themselves, through the social care worker or an advocate.
I would discuss the problem, that consent cannot be established, with the
supervisor or manager of the home, and, if necessary, the individuals doctor
and advocate. I would also make a record of this, which I would sign and
date.
Steps to take when consent cannot be established include:
Not continuing with the task
Reporting to the supervisor or manager
Recording the information
4.1 What are the benefits for individuals of adopting an active
support approach?
Active participation is a way of working that recognises an individuals right
to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as
independently as possible; the individual is regarded as an active partner in
their own care or support, rather than a passive recipient.
1. When service users actively participate in a community, they experience
their connection to other human beings. They share their ideas, bond with
others who have similar interest, and get a sense that they are supported
and accepted. Connecting with others deepens their sense of connection.
Actively participating is a way to practice expressing their true Self and
recognising that Self in someone else.
2. As an active participants, service users give people the opportunity to
interact with them. It helps them to build trust. And trust leads to deeper,
meaningful understanding of needs and requirements, relationships and
friendships.
3. As an active participants, means that service users are in the
conversation. Theyll be involved and be part of or maker decisions that will
aid their well-being and motivation to improve their life and experiences.
Active participation benefits the individual because that person is always
made to feel that he or she is continually important, and that things are done
for their benefit, with their consent. This ensures a positive approach for the

individual that makes them an active part of how they choose to live and
puts them first as the focus.
4.2 & 4.3 what factors could be barriers to individuals participating
in activities?
Barriers can take several forms the emotions, the disabilities, and the
attitudes of the individual concerned, any or all of which can deter active
participation by that individual in any activity or action. Similarly barriers
exist if social care workers attitudes and approaches do not value active
participation, strict routines and lack of training on using the active
participation approach can also be barriers.
There are many barriers which can restrict access or prevent people from
participating in activities or developing relationships:
Lack of understanding
Misunderstanding
Poor advice and counselling
Embarrassment
Poor communications
Badly explained activities (individual doesnt understand)
Medical Illness
Mental Illness
Communication barriers are:
-Lack of loop systems
-Poor quality communication skills
-Lack of translators or interpreters
-Language barriers
-Mental health
Psychological barriers-Unfamiliarity
-Lack of confidence
-Fear or anxiety
-Poor attitudes from staff
-Learning & Physical disabilities
Reducing barriers to participation:
-Communication must take place with service users at their level of
understanding, using an appropriate manner, level and pace according to
individual abilities.
-Earn individuals trust and respect by acting in a professional way
-Set high standards for myself and follow the established method and
Procedures. My attitude and actions affect how people feel about
themselves.
Everything about the carer sends signals and affects the way the individual
feel and react to them.

Degree of disability, illness or complexity of need should not be considered

as a barrier to person-centred planning. The ethos of person-centred
planning states that it is important not to focus on a persons impairment but
on what he or she can do and who the person is.
5.1 &5.2
3).

5.1 covered in units 1 & 3 (5.2 covered in activity sheet

5.3 covered in units 3 & 4.

5.4 Using activity sheet 4, read the case study and then answer the
set questions.
See my activity sheet 4.

6.1, 6.2, 6.3 & 6.4,

Using the activity sheet 5 answer all questions on your role in
promoting a sense of well-being in individuals.
See my activity sheet 5.