AFCONA Universal Pigment Concentrates

Concept for solvent based system

Version : Jan 2010

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Pigment concentrate for solvent based systems

The concentrates are formulated to be compatible with the major
resins used to manufacture industrial and trade sales coatings,
while meeting the specific requirements of the end-users

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Pigment concentrate for solvent based systems

The universal p
pigment
g
concentrate are made possible
p
with the
availability of high performance dispersants, polyurethane or
acrylic based.

Branced polyurethane
structure

Lineair polyacrylate
structure

The polymers of both groups contain tertiary nitrogen

compounds which leads to improved adsorption at the
pigment surface
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Formulating a universal pigment concentrate

Step 1

select the type of pigments and select a

possible leading of pigment

Step 2

determine the dispersant amount

Step 3

calculating the amount of universal resin

Step 4

add in other additive like synergic agent, antisettling

ttli agentt and
d etc
t tto ttop up tto 100%
formulation.

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Formulating flow chart

Formulation established
Good performance

Step 1

Adjust
formulation
and repeat
step 1 - 4

Step 2

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Not Good
performance

Step 3

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Prepared pigment
paste and
run tests

Step 4

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Pigment loading

Possible pigment loadings:

Titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, chrome yellows,
molybdate orange and red and chrome oxide green

65-70%

Iron oxide yellow

45-55%

Organic yellow, red and orange

15-35%

Phthalo cyanine blue and green and organic violet

20-25%

Carbon blacks (HCC) and PV 19

10%

Carbon blacks (rest)

20-25%

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Calculation method of polymeric dispersant

Method to calculate quantity of dispersant on active
substance per pigment

Inorganic pigments:
Method 1 : approx
approx. 10% of the Oil Absorption value
Method 2 : 2-4% on pigment weight
Organic
g
pigments:
g
yellow,
y
orange
g and red
Method 1 : approx. 50% of the BET value
Method 2 : 20 30% on pigment weight
O
Organic
i pigments:
i
t blue,
bl
green and
d violet
i l t
Method 1 : approx. 25% of the BET value
Method 2 : 20-30% on p
pigment
g
weight
g
Black pigments:
Method 1 : approx. 20% of the DBP value (30-50% for HCC black)
Method 2 : 20-30%
20 30% on pigment weight (40 80% for HCC black)
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Calculation of universal resin

The amount of universal resin is determine by
y the p
property
p y of incorporation
p
that you needed. The less universal resin, the more difficult the incorporation
of the pigment paste in the finishing paint which seeding is the main problem.
The guide line of the amount of universal resin based on solid as below:
Pigment type

Normal
amount/%

For easy
incorporation/%

For hand
stirring /%

5-8

10

12 15

Organic
g
and
normal carbon
black

15 - 20

22 25

30

HCC Carbon
Black

18 -25
25

30

40

Inorganic

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Example
p on create formulation
Pigment
g
type
yp
Pigment loading
Oil Absorption
Dispersing agent
Solid of AFCONA 4010

:Titanium dioxide
: 70.0
: 20
: AFCONA 4010
: 50%

Calculation
Dispersing agent solid
10% of O.A. value
So, 10% of 20 = 2 X 70 : 100 = 1.4
1.3 solid dispersant
AFCONA-4010/50%
AFCONA
4010/50% is 1.4 : 50 X 100 =
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Example
p on create formulation
Pigment
g
type
yp
Pigment loading
Dispersing agent
Solid of AFCONA 4071

:Phthalocyanine
y
blue
: 20.0
: AFCONA 4071
: 45%

Calculation
Dispersing agent solid
30% on pigment weight
So, 30% of 20 = 6
6% solid dispersant
AFCONA-4071/45%
AFCONA
4071/45% is 6 : 45 X 100 =
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13.33%
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Formulations
For previous calculation, the formulation can be establish as below:
TiO2

Phthalo Blue

Pigment

70.00

20.00

AFCONA 4010

2.60

0.00

AFCONA 4071

0.00

13.33

AFCONA 1102, 60% in PMA

10.00
(taking 6% solid
resin, 6/60%)

30.00
(taking 18% solid
resin, 18/60%)

Synergic agent, AFCONA 6745

0.00

0.50

Anti-settling agent

1.00

0.00

Solvent mixture (S-100 and PMA

2:1))

16.40

36.17

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Concentrate Optimization
Problem

Solution

Paste too thick

Reduce pigment level

Paste too thin

Increase pigment level

Cannot get
fineness

1) Increase amount of dispersant

2) Increase grinding time

Synerisis / Rub out

/ poor gloss /
floating and
flooding

1) Increase dispersant level

2) Change to a higher MW dispersant or a different type of
chemistry dispersant
3) Add in synergic agent

Seeding when
incorporated

1) Increase the level of universal resin

2) Increase incorporation shear force
3) Check compatibility in all polymers (Dispersant
(Dispersant, universal
resin and system resin)
4) In NC, polyurethane type of dispersant always cause
seeding even all polymers have good compatibility
compatibility. Change
to AFCONA 5280 or AFCONA 4201

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AFCONA Products for Pigment

g
concentrate
Dispersant

Remark

AFCONA 4046

The most common use dispersant

p
for p
pigment
g
concentrate. Good in all
solvent based system except TPA and NC.

AFCONA 4047

A grade higher than AFCONA 4046 with better pigment stability. Good in
carbon black.

AFCONA 4071

A very compatible dispersant where it can be compatible in all system

ranging from Long oil, TPA, PU, Epoxy, UPE, NC and baking paint and etc.

AFCONA
CO
4201
0

Thiss g
grade
ade iss consider
co s de if TPA system
sys e is
s the
e main
a a
and
d major
ajo resin
es sys
system
e as
AFCONA -4201 gives very good compatible with TPA.

AFCONA - 5280

A very compatible conventional dispersant, especially in TPA. A economy

grade with reasonable g
g
good p
performance. Pigment
g
p
paste that based on
AFCONA 5280 gives very easy incorporation.

Universal Resin
AFCONA - 1101

A very good compatible acrylic polyol resin with very good viscosity
depressing property.

AFCONA - 1102

The same as AFCONA 1101 but lower price. Does not performance as
good as AFCONA 1101 in viscosity depressing but more compatible
compatible.

Other additives
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AFCONA - 6745

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Synergic agent for all phthalocyanine blue, carbon black and violet.