Bone and Osteoporosis

1. (Deo) The stabilization of Beta-catenin initiates the signal to the nucleus

for ________ differentiation
a. Osteoblast
b. Osteoclast
c. Collagen
d. Osteocytes
e. None of the above
2. (Bryan) Which of the following plays a key factor in osteoclast
differentiation and activation?
A. RANKL
B. Osteoprotegerin
C. RANK
D. A and C
E. None of the above
3. (Fil) What enzyme must be inhibited for beta catenin levels to stabilize?
A. Vacuolar ATPase
B. Glycogen Synthetase Kinase 3
C. Catenine synthase
D. Adenylate cyclase
E. Glycogen phosphorylase
4.(jo) What is the WNT signaling pathway for?
a. osteocyte formation
b. osteoclast formation
c. osteoblast formation
d. osteoid formation
e. osteotome formation
5. (Frances) Breaks down the bone in bone resorption
a. osteoclast
b. osteoblast
c. osteoprotegerin
d. both a & c
e. all of the above
6. (Mike) All of this are TRUE about Osteoporosis except:
a. it is an age related disease
b. it causes bones to be prone to fracture
c. it is the reduction of Bone Mineral Density and the thinning of
the bone's outer surface
d. B and C
e. none of the above
7.(Wil) What does osteoblast do to the human bone?
a. breaks down bone
b. makes bone elastic
c. rebuilds bone
d. B and C
e. A and C

8. (Diane) A hormone responsible for lowering the concentration of

calcium in the blood.
a. Calcitriol
b. Calcitonin
c. Estrogen
d. Insulin
e. none of the above
9. (Zea) -same with Jessa
10. (JP) Bone structure is best described as_________
a.) Porous
b.) Maleable
c.) Gelatinous
d.) Solid
11. (Abby) This is the third messenger in the WNT pathway. Ans: BCatenin
12. (Ace) All of the following are TRUE about osteoblast except:
a. seals the cavity left by osteoclast
b. differentiates from the mesenchymal cells
c. provides a bone matrix of calcium and phosphorous
d. it is multi-nucleated and breaks down the bone in bone resorption
e. All of these are TRUE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

13. (Kat)
Which of the ff. is NOT true about calcitonin?
It opposes the parathyroid (PTH)
It is produced by the thyroid
It is more effective than bisphosphanates
Both A and B
None of the above
Mannosidosis and Glycogen Storage Disease
1. (Deo) Mannosidosis causes the malfunction of _______ in white blood
cells, therefore inhibiting its ability to perform well in the ________.
a.ribosomes; endocrine system
b. lysosomes; endocrine system
c. ribosomes; immune system
d. lysosomes; immune system
e. Both B & D
2. (Bryan) Which of the following is not true regarding betamannosidosis?
A. Deficiency of the enzyme beta-mannosidase
B. A very rare disease, approximately only 20 people diagnosed worldwide
C. An autosomal recessive disorder that results from a mutation in the
MANBA gene
D. An autosomal recessive disorder that results from a mutation
in the MAN2B1 gene
E. None of the above

3. (Fil) Where is the oligosaccharide stored at the end?

A. ER Lumen
B. Golgi Lumen
C. Lysosome
D. Cytosol
E. Peroxisome
4. (jo) The following enzymes are involved in the mechanism of alphamannosidosis, except
a. neuraminidase
b. beta-galactosidase
c. alpha-hexosaminidase
d. aspartylglycosaminidase
e. none of the above
5. (Frances) Where does the accumulation of mannose-rich
oligosaccharide chains happen?
a. peroxisome
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. golgi apparatus
e. mitochondria
6. (Mike) Which of the following are NOT TRUE about beta-Mannosidosis?
a. it is a ribosomal disease
b. it is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from a mutation in the
MANBA gene
c. the enzyme claeves the beta-mannosidide linkage of the disaccaride
man-beta-1,4-GlcNAc
d. allof the above
e. none of the above
7.(Wil) glycogen storage disease type 2 is also known as the _____
disease?
a. Pompe Disease
b. Molson's Disease
c. Cori Disease
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
8. (Diane) Pompe's disease belongs to ________ storage disorder(s).
a. Glycogen
b. Lysosomal
c. Peroxisomal
d. both A and B
e. all of the above
9. (Kat)
Which of the following is the most efficient and reliable method in the
diagnosis of -mannosidosis?
a. Peripheral blood examination
b. Differential diagnosisc. Oligosaccharides in urined. Acid mannosidase activitye. None of the above

10.) (JP) GSD II is due to the absence of ________

a.) alpha 1,4, glucosidase
b.) beta 1,4 glucosidase
c.) alpha 1,5 glucosidase
d.) beta 1,6 glucosidase
11. (ACE) Which of the following results to accumulation of mannose-rich
oligosaccharide chains?
a. Lack of enzyme to cleave (12,3,6) mannose linkages
b. Lack of enzyme to cleave (14) mannose linkages
c. Lack of enzyme to cleave beta-mannoside linkage of the disaccharide
Man-beta 1,4-GlcNAc
d. Both a and c are true
e. Both b and c are true
Hypoglycemia
1. (Deo) reduction of glucose for neurons causes these neurological effects
except
a. delirium
b. fatigue
c. impaired judgement
d. emotional lability
e. amnesia
2. (Bryan) Which of the following symptoms is neuroglycopenic?
A. Delirium
B. Pallor
C. Headache
D. Palpitations, nervousness, anxiety
E. A and B
3. (Fil) This encodes a serine/ threonine-protein kinase which is responsible
for the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced
translocation of the SLC2A4/ GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface.
A. AKT2 Gene
B. ABCC8 Gene
C. KJCN11 Gene
D. HMG-CoA synthase
E. None of the Above
4. (jo) How does Diazoxide treat hypoglycemia?
a. Promotes insulin efflux
b. decreaces intercellular K+
c. decrease Ca2+ release
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
5. (Frances) Hypoglycemia stimulates _________ release as direct conseque
of neuroglycopenia
a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. epinephrine

d. both a & b
e. all of the above
6. (Mike) Glucagon is a/an
a. Hormone
b. peptide
c. enzyme
d. lipid
e. none of the above
7. (manuel) What type of glycogen storage disease is Pompe disease?a.
Type Ib. Type IIc. Type III
d. Type IV
8. (Wil) insulin will induce glucose intake in the
a. Blood only
b. muscle only
c. liver only
d. A and C
e. B and C
9. (Diane) The following are forms of hypoglycemia EXCEPT
a. reactive hypoglycemia
b. iatrogenic insulin-induced hypoglycemia
c. hyperinsulinemia
d. hypoinsulinemia
e.none of the above
10. (JP) Insulinomia is the presence of a tumor in
a.) Kidney
b.)Pancreas
c.) Liver
d.) Appendix
11. (Abby) Mutation of this gene leads to production of more GLUT4
transporters causing further lowering of blood glucose. Ans: AKT2
12. (Ace) What is hypoglycemia?
a. A condition characterized by an abnormally high blood glucose
b. Excessive insulin release after a very low-carb meal intake
c. Oversecretion of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas caused by
insulinoma
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Lactose Intolerance
1. (Deo) All of these are reasons for lactose intolerance except
a. Lactase is not produced
b. Mutation in the LCT gene
c. Infections or disturbances in gastrointestinal tract
d. Accumulation of bile in the intestines

e. Familial lactase deficiency

2. (Abby) Lactase is a glyceride hydrolase and is part of what family of
enzymes?
a. Alpha-lactosidase
b. Beta-galatosidase
c. Alpha-galactosidase
d. Beta-lactosidase
e. None of the above
3. (Abby) Glut2 is for the distribution of all of the following except:
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Galactose
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
4. (Diane) The following are products of the fermentation of Lactose
EXCEPT
a. CO2
b. O2
c. CH4
d. H2
e. none of the above
5. (Fil) What enzyme converts lactose to galactose and glucose?
A. Lactokinase
B. Galactokinase
C. Glucokinase
D. Aldolase
E. Lactase
6. (Nikki) Lactase is what type of galactosidase family?
A. alpha-galactosidase
B. beta-galactosidase
C. gama-galactosidase
D. none of the above
7. (Manuel) What residue serves as the active site for lactase?
A. Gly
B. Glu
C. Gln
D. Asn
8. (Hanng) In which method of diagnasing lactose intolerance checks the
blood glucose level after intaking milk/lactose ?
A. Glucose level test
B. Lactose tolerance test
C. Milk tolerance test
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

Fructose Intolerance and Galactosemia

1. (Deo) What compound accumulates with an excess of galactose in the
body?
a. N-acetylglucosamine
b. Phosphofructokinase
c. Aldolase
d. Galacitol
e. Galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase
2. (Abby) What accumulates as a result of a deficiency in galactose-1phosphate?
a. galactose
b. galactitol
c. Fructose-1-phosphate
d. UDP-galactose
e. None of the above
3. (Azzy) It is responsible for cleaving Glucose-3-Phosphate & DHAP in the
liver.
a. Aldolase A
b. Aldolase B
c. Aldolase C
d. All of the above
e. none of the above
4. (Diane) ______ is a monosaccharide and a C-4 epimer of glucose
a. Lactose
b. Galactose
c. Fructose
d. all of the above
e. Only B and C
5. (Fil) This enzyme is responsible for the cleaving of the highly unstable
compound to G3P and DHAP.
A. Aldolase
B. Fructokinase
C. Galactokinase
D. Phosphofructokinase
E. Phosphoglycerate kinase
6. (Nikki) The pathway responsible for the metabolism of fructose
A. TCA cycle
B. Leloir pathway
C. Glycolysis
D. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
7. (Hanung) What's the G during conversion of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate into 1.3-bisphosphoglycerate in fructose metabolism?
A. 1.5
B. 2.5

C. 0.15
D. 15
E. None of the above (no unit specified)
8. (Zea) Which of the following could treat lactose intolerance?
-can't remember the other choices i invented :))Answer: no treatment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

9. (Kat) In the liver, _________ cleaves fructose-1-phosphate and fructose1,6-bisphoshate.

Aldolase A
Aldolase B
Aldolase C
Phosphofructokinase
Triose phosphate isomerase
Ketoacidosis and Hyperlipidemia
1. (Deo) What characteristic of the blood is reduced with the occurrence of
ketoacidosis?
a. Platelet count
b. pH
c. oxygenation
d. fatty acid level
e. none of the above
2. (Abby) This ketone body is needed to excrete alcohol.
a. Alpha-ketoglutarate
b. ketoacetaldehyde
c. acetone
d. acetoacetic acid
e. None of the above
3. (Azzy) HMG CoA is formed from acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA by this
enzyme.
a. HMG CoA Synthase
b. HMG CoA Lyase
c. Thiolase
d. D-Beta-Hydrocybutyrate dehydrogenase
e. None of the above
4. (Diane) _____ is the process by which fatty acids are broken down to
generate acetyl COA
a. hydrolysis
b. B-oxidation
c. phosphorylation
d. glycolysis
e. none of the above

5. (Fil) This occurs when the body cannot use glucose as a source of
energy because there is no insulin or insufficient insulin and ketones are
the by prodcuts of the breakdown of fats.
A. Alcoholic ketoacidosis
B. Hyperlipidemia
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Galactosemia
E. Hyperglycemia
6. (Nikki) The enzyme responsible for condensation of acetyl-CoA to
generate acetoacetyl-CoA
A. Thiolase
B. HMG CoA synthase
C. HMG CoA lyase
D. none of the above
7. What is the immediate precursor of ketone bodies?
A. acetone
B. acetyl-Coa
C. acetoacetate
D. acetoacetyl-CoA
8. (Zea) The ff symptoms manifest ketoacidosis except:
A. Nausea and Vomiting
B. Fruity-scented breath
C. Increased Bowel movement
D. Shortness of Breath
9. (Kat) Which enzyme cleaves HMG-CoA to yield acetoacetate and acetylCoA?
a. HMG-CoA Synthaseb. HMG-CoA Lyasec. Thiolased. D-hydroxybutarate e. None of the above
10. (Hanung) What is/are the type/s of ketoacidosis?
a. alcoholic ketoacidosis
b. diabetic ketoacidosis
c. genetic ketoacidosis
d. A and B
e. A and C
Hypercholesterolemia & Alcoholism
1. (Deo) Familial hypercholesterolemia is a defect in chromosome 19 which
makes the body unable to remove low density lipoprotein. What
unfortunate outcome may arise for children from this disorder?
A. They will be experiencing heart attacks at early stages
of
their lives
B. The development of their speech and cognitive functions
would be hindered
C. They will have a high tendency to develop ADHD
D. They are more susceptible to blood related viruses like dengue
and malaria
E. The children will be fine and live normal lives

2. (Sol) Which is not true about lipoproteins?

A. Has cholesterol which can be used to coat cells
B. Contain chemokines which are peptides in nature
C. Can have varying densities
D. Ezetimibe has an effect on lipoproteins
3. (Fil) It is a component of lipoproteins that helps make the outer coating
of cells and allows the body to make Vitamin D and hormones?
A. cholesterol
B. APO B
C. triglycerides
D. phospholipids
E. none of the above
4. (Zea) What happens when there are deficient and defective LDL
receptors?
A. LDL is accumulated in the blood
B. There is a lack of LDL for cholesterol transport
C. LDL is stored as fat
D. LDL receptors accumulate in the blood
E. LDL deficiency would cause hyperlipidemia
5. (Diane) ______ is characterized by the yellowish deposit of cholesterol in
the eyelids
A. Angina
B. Xanthelasmas
C. Atherosclerosis
D. None of the above
6. (Abby) This drug is known to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase via competitive
inhibition. Ans: Statins
7. (Ace) Which of the following is true about drinking alcohol?
a. Increased in Tricarboxylic acid synthesis while decrease in
gluconeogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis.
b. Heavy drinking for men is greater than 1 drink per day
c. It is bad to drink alcohol moderately
d. Excess NADH and Acetyl CoA
e. Both c and d
Atherosclerosis & Cholelithiasis
1. (Deo) What is the action of Mucin in the formation of gall stones?
A. Provides mucus for the hypermotility of the gallbladder
B. Induces the micelle and vesicle formation between bile salts and
phospholipids
C. Transports cholesterol from the liver to the gallbladder
D. Acts as the nucleation site for cholesterol micelles and
vesicles
E. Removes water from gall bladder for solidification of bile
2. (Fil) Which of the ff. choices is not a function of cholesterol?

A. regulates the fluidity of the membrane

B. emulsification of bile salts
C. precursor of Vitamin D
D. precursor of steroid hormones
E. none of the above
3. (Zea) The ff. describe T cells except:
A. A T-cell is a type of blood cell
B. T-cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes
C. The activity of T-cells is inhibited with the action of of
chemokines
D. T-cells are lured when chemokines are produced.
E. The main function of T-cells is to fight infection
4. (Diane) Bile, which is produced by the liver, contains _______
A. Bile salts
B. cholesterol
C. Phospholipids
D. water
E. All of the above
5. (Kat) Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) stimulate the production of
__________.
a. Monocytesb. T cellsc. chemokinesd. macrophagese. epithelial cells
6. (Ace) How does cholelithiasis, a common syndrome, occur in the body?
a. cholesterol forms micelles which fuse and nucleate
b. if there are abnormally high level of bile salts, or more commonly,
cholesterol
c. Increased mucin production
d. A, B and C
e. All of the above except C
Tay Sachs Disease and GD
1. (Sol)
In Gauchers disease, too much of glucosylceramide could cause cytoxicity
True
False, glucosylsphingosine
False, acid beta glucosidase
False, F-1-P
False, glucocerebroside
B and E
2. (Diane)
Tay Sach's disease is characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme ______
and the accumulation of the lipid ______
A. B-hexosaminidase, Gm3 ganglioside
B. B-hexosaminidase, Gm2 ganglioside
C. B-glucosidase, Gm2 ganglioside
D. B-glucosidase, glucosylceramide
3. (Manuel)

What are the active sites of B-hexasominidase?

A. Asp and Glu
B. Asp and Gln
C. Asn and Glu
D. Asn and Gln
4. (Abby) GM2 Activator Protein is a transport protein needed for the
hydrolysis of GM2 to GM3. It works by: Ans: binding to GM2 and
extracting it from the membrane
5. (Ace) Accumulation of gangliosides (GM2): Tay-Sachs Disease:
Accumulation of ________: Gaucher's Disease
a. Gangliosides (GM2)
b. GM2 and globosides
c. GM1 and Globosides
d. Globosides only
e. None of the above
Chinese Restaurant Syndrome and Gout
1. (Diane) The following are true about Glutamate EXCEPT
A. It acts as a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
B. Its interference with acetylcholine synthesis can trigger migrane
C. It is involved in normal brain functions
D. It can eacily pass the blood-brain barrier
E. None of the above
2. (JP) CRS causes pain in the joints because of the accumulation of _____
precipitate
a.) calcium oxalate
b.) monosodium glutamate
c.) Ammonium Chloride
d.) Uric acid
3. (Abby) This moves the glutamate neurotransmitter down the axon. Ans:
Action Potential
Kidney stones and xeroderma pigmentosa
1. (Diane) The following proteins are responsible for detecting the
disruption of base-pairing that is caused by a modification in the DNA
backbone
A. XPG
B. XPC
C. HR23B
D. Bothe A and B
E. Both B and C
2. What is the function of HFIIH in the nucleotide excision repair?
A. Detects the DNA damage
B. Unwinds the DNA double helix
C. Cuts the DNA strand (endonuclease)
D. Replicates the damaged DNA
E. Seals the DNA

3.) (JP) Calcium oxalate is found in kidney stones and come from
a.)red meat
b.) sea food
c.) fruits and vegetables
d.) water minerals
4. (Abby) XPD and XPB are 2 helicases that open the DNA around the
lesion and? Ans: serve as step for damage verification

<adolf>
1. Which one of these describes correctly the main neurotransmitter
action/function of glutamate?
*A. It acts at the great majority of fast excitatory synapses in the brain and
spinal cord.
B. It transmits at the neuromuscular junction connecting motor nerves to
muscles.
C. It functions in the regulation of motor behavior, pleasures related to
motivation and also emotional arousal.
D.It regulates appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature, mood,
behaviour, muscle contraction, and function of the cardiovascular system
and endocrine system
2. Which of the following situation results to an increased of uric acid in
the system?
A. presence of hypoxanthine-guanin phosphoribosyl transferase
B. absence of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP)
*C. increased activity of PRPP synthetase
D. avoiding intake of purine-rich diet
3. Many factors can contribute in increasing the risks to develop kidney
stones. Which of these is NOT one of the factors
A. low fluid intake
B. high dietary intake of animal protein
*C. intake of calcium dietary supplement
D. preference of salty food
4. Xeroderma pigmentosa is cause by the formation of dimers in the bases
of DNA via photochemical reactions. Which of these dimers is/are
responsible?
A. cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer
B. 6,4 pyrimidine-pyrimidones
C. thymine photodimers
*D. both A and B
<jam>
1. Which of the following is true regarding the wnt pathway of a normal

person and the one with osteoporosis?

A. Normal: fzl is attached to wnt; w/ osteoporosis: gsk-3 is inhibited
B. Normal: gsk-3 is inhibited; w/ osteoporosis: stabilized beta catenin
C. normal: fzl is attached to wnt; w/osteoporosis: gsk-3 is not
inhibited
D. none of the above
2. What causes alpha mannosidosis?
A. Enzyme deficiency
B. Defective alpha mannosidase
C. Undegraded mannose
D. All of the above
3. Abcc8 gene is responsible for
A. Increasing glucose in the blood
B. Insulin secretion
C. Releasing ketone bodies
D. Both a and b
4. What is the function of 7-alpha-dehydroxylase?
A. Induces cholesterol crystallization
B. Hydrolyzes ldl in the arterial walls
C. Synthesizes cholesterol in the liver
D. Both a and c
5. Which of the following causes familial hypercholesterolemia?
A. Defect in the ldl receptor
B. Underclearance of ldl in the liver
C. Mutation on apo c gene
D. All of the above
6. In tay-sachs disease, what is responsible for the hydrolysis of gm2 to
gm3?
A. Glucocerebroside
B. B-hexoaminidase A
C. Glucosylceramidase
D. None of the above
7. Which is/are the following key enzyme/s in Gauchers disease?
A. Saposin C
B. Glucosylceramide
C. Glucocerebroside
D. All of the above
<fatima>
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.

Osteoporosis: Bisphosphate is one of the treatments for osteoporosis.

Which of the following is its function?
Decrease in Ca+ in blood
Increase in spinal density
All of the above
d.
None of the above
Mannosidosis and Glycogen Storage Disease: The following are lysosomal

1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
10.
1.
2.
3.

storage disease, except:

Hypoglycemia
Galactosemia
Both A and B
None of the above
Hypoglycemia: The following are the effects of insulin in metabolism,
except:
Increase in Acetyl CoA production
Increase in Glycogen Synthesis
Decrease in Glycogen Breakdown
d.
Decrease in Glycolysis
Fructose Intolerance and Galactosemia: Which of the following is not true?
In the peripheral tissues, hexokinase can convert fructose to fructose-6phosphate, but with a relatively high Km value
b.
Hexokinase traps the fructose in the cell to prevent it from
going back to the blood
In the liver, fruktokinase converts fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and
the reaction is accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP
If fructokinase is deficient, fructose remains in the blood
Lactose Intolerance: The following are true, except:
a.
Decrease in fecal water and intestinal transit
Yield of short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen gas
Secretion of fluids and electrolytes
All are true
Ketoacidosis and Hyperlipidemia: The following are effects of
hyperlipidemia, except:
Atherosclerosis
b.
Ketoacidosis
Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke and Death
Hypercholesterolemia and Alcoholism: Which of the following are true for
the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia?
a.
Lovastatin and revastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
Niacin reduces triglyceride breakdown in adipose cells and decrease HLD
production
Both A and B
B only
Gallstone, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction: What is/are the
components of bile?
Phosphatidylcholine
Bile salts
Cholesterol
d.
All of the above
Tay-Sachs Disease: Which of the following is/are true about B-Nhexosaminidase A?
The deficiency of this lysosomal enzyme results to Tay-Sachs Disease
It is involved in the turnover of ganglioside GM2
A only
d.
All of the above
Gauchers Disease: Which of the following is/are true about Gauchers
Disease?
There is a deficiency in B-glucosylceramide glucosidase
There is an accumulation of B-glucosylceramide in the tissues
There is an accumulation of glucocerebroside in the tissues

4.
5.

A and C only
e.
All of the above
[jojo]
what is the starting material for fructose metabolism?
a.glucose-1,6-bisphosphate
b.glucose-6-phosphate
c.fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
d.fructose-6-phosphate
e.none of the above
lactose is.......
a.synthesized in the mammary gland
b.a disaccharide of glucose and galactose
c.a white crystaline disaccharide
d.all of the above
e.none of the above
what are signs of ketoacidosis
a. breakdown of fats
b. dehydration
c. fatigue
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
which of the following is/are role/s of VLDL
a. delivers cholesterol to cells
b. accumulate LDL in the arterial walls
c. delivers TAG to the cells
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
the following describes cholelithiasis except
a. narrowing of arteries
b. chest pain
c. slowed blood flow
d. heart attack
e. none of the above
this disease is a lipid storage disorder
a. tay sach's
b. hypolipidomia
c. gaucher's
d. a and c
e. all of the above
many of the genes in XP are part of a DNA-repair process called...
a. nucleoside excision repair
b. base excision repair
c. DNA excision repair
d. mismatch repair
e. nucleotide excision repair

the following are transporters for maintaining low extracellular glutamate

concentration, except.
a. xCT
b. EAATs
c. VGLUTs
d. all transporter glutamate
e. all don't transporter glutamate
<jessa>
Hypoglycemia
To avoid reactive hypoglycemia, one can
a. increase the amount of daily physical activities
b. consume smaller, well balanced meals throughout the day
c. perform frequent urinary ketone testing
d. eat or drink carbohydrate- rich foods, such as hard candies
osteoporosis
Post menopausal women are more prone to suffer from osteoporosis due
to
a. decreased progesterone level
b. increased progesterone level
c. decreased estrogen level
d. increased estrogen level
Mannosidosis and glycogen storage disease
What could be a possible treatment for Mannosidosis
a. haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
b. enxyme replacement therapy
c. gene therapy
d. all of the above
Hyperlipidemia
A patient with hereditary type I hyperlipidemia presents with elevated
levels of chylomicrons and VLDL triglycemia in the blood. the main
function of chylomicrons in circulation is to do which of the ff:
a. transport lipids from the liver
b. transport dietary lipids from the intestine to target tissues
c. transport cholesterol from IDL to LDL
d. Act as a receptor for transglycerols in the liver
Galactosemia
A monosaccharide sugar and a C-4 epimer of glucose
a. Galactose
b. lactose
c. fructose
d. sucrose
Lactose intolerance
A disaccharide sugar derives from the galactose and glucose, having a
systematic name B-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-glucose.
a. sucrose
b. fructose
c. lactose
d. maltose