Angel Loja Valencia

The development of
Music on 1950
Features of 1950s
America was not affected at all during the world war 2
Teenagers were richer in that decade they spent the money
in their own fashion and their taste of music.
Is a decade known for conformity and rebellion among the
youth population
Before the teens were constricted to a small amount of
freedom but in 1950s things started to change and the
change were beneficial for the youth
Teens were most attracted to the music for that reason they
spent their own money in the entertainment such as music
Father tried to stop their kids listening to the horrible music
that they heard but it failed, teenagers was still listening that
music just for upset their fathers.
Rock & Roll was one of the most emblematic music for the
teenagers, artist such Elvis Presley was the icon of that kind
of music on the 1950s
The majority of those teenagers use that kind of music to
control their mood and boost their emotional states.

Rock & Roll

The Rock has a rich and complicated history, it has become an
international music, a sign of identity for young
In the beginning of rock and roll discs yellow label he drew a small
company called Sun Records Memphis is located. There he was
born rockabilly, with rough and frantic singers. One would become
the main star of the second half of the twentieth century. Elvis
Presley made new music available to millions of people with its
naturalness and exceptional voice. Also he left his image, his

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movements and his songs in many film tapes, although most of

them did not reflect his true personality.
Because of its proximity in time, and that when television was
born in North America, was already a phenomenon of calm, rock
and roll it is possibly a sign of popular culture.
At that time young people seeking signs that give them an entity
as distinct group, each own identity, and found it in this music.
The "Teenagers" (between 13 to 19 years old) had a great power
purchasing, behavior and seeking a leisure
suits your needs and opposite to that of
their parents. He rock and roll gave them
provocation and rebellion seeking. This
made the adults reject and try to ban it
because that created "corrupting" youth.
How to dance rock, his singing and playing
start to like young. The musicians had
mixed their blood and genres began to
merge to create the billi rocka and rock
and roll and in fact, then first black
singers (Chuck Berry, Little Richard,) also triumphed among white
youth.
Chuck Berry in 1957
In the Rock and Roll include important figures such as Chuck
Berry, Little Richard, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, Fats
Domino, Orbison Edie Roy Cochran and The Everly Brothers ...
Elvis Presley

In July 1954 a truck driver age 19 would change the course of

music and history. Elvis Aaron Presley was called, he entered a
small recording studio in Memphis to perform three songs. Among
those three subjects recorded, was named one of "That's All
Right", which mark the Rock and Roll. This music that fused the
country sound of white and rhythm and blues of black, still be
alive 50 years later and that Elvis is has become the King of rock,

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also he was the most important and

influential figure in popular music in the
Twentieth century.
Elvis Presley is the single most significant
figure in rock and roll history. Elvis
completely revolutionized music and his
influence changed the entertainment
industry forever. In the 1950s, the South
was heavily racially segregated, but
Presleys music broke past these racial
barriers. He allowed African American
music to be accessible to white American youth who had never
really been exposed to it. Elvis challenged the social and moral
values as his music and provocative dance moves created an
entirely new generation.
By 1955, Elvis Presley had gone from a local to a national
sensation. People quickly fell in love with his amazing voice .
Critics both loved and hated him, while girls swooned over him.
As Elvis became more popular, the older generation began to
resent him and controversy quickly surrounded him. The fact that
Elvis shook his hips, thrust his pelvis, and danced passionately on
stage, turned parents against his music.

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Principal Features:
- Cheerful than the blues or country
Topics.
- Structure inherited twelve bar blues.
- Very catchy choruses.
- Fast and rhythmic themes (although
there are also ballads)
- Repetitive rhythm reinforced by a
percussive use of the piano and the
guitar.
- It is danced in a crazy way.
50s

Teens in

- One of the most famous: Being in the charts

Currently
Sixty years later, today remains a diversity of opinions regarding
the origin of the term rock 'n' roll - although frequently cited radio
broadcaster Alan Freed - but the truth is that many of the early
songs that were propping up the genre already included these
words in their lyrics, Rock and Rolling (1939) of Bob Robinson and
Rock and Rolling Mamma (1939) as Buddy Jones and Cherry Red
(1939) , or directly is called so (Paul Bascomb in 1947, Wild Bill
Moore in 1948 and Doles Dickens in 1949). Those songs are still
calling as a rhythm and blues and it would be with the arrival of
the great artists white (remember that racial segregation was still
important in those years) when start massively using rock 'n' roll
label to differentiate them from those making rythm and blues,
which were black. Another explanation is that rock and roll mixed
black music with the white country.

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The development of
Music on 1960
The 60's is the decade where more evolved the music. It was time
for artistic expression and freedom eventually rock artist came to
be expected to write and even produce their own songs,
becoming responsible for everything about how their records
sounded.
Artists such as Bob Dylan, the Beatles, The Who, Los Rolling
Stones, The Byrds... This whole movement, begun in the 50's by
Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard,it was a frame of the new
generation, etc.
The 60's was the big bang of rock: first triumphed women's
groups - such as The Ronettes. Later, Liverpool became the
Centre of attention thanks to a group called The Beatles, which
soon came out with a crazy competitor for the blues: The Rolling
Stones.
This current as was marked by the "Hippies", where alcohol,
drugs, the esoteric, and the love of nature were part of this
current. In the decade of the 60' and 70' is what is known by the
name of ''Classic Rock'', here is where famous bands and artists
are born as: Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, The Who, Santana and
others... "Psychedelic, mixed Blues and Rock, give an originality to
this type of Rock give a special sound, here is where for the first
time is occupied a shrill sound a heavier, non-classic rock as the
year 50's.
Blowin in the Wind Bob Dylan

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It was one of most emblematic songs of

the 60s , created by the American artist
of the Rock, Bob Dylan.
It was the anthem in the struggle that
American youth and the word fought and
eventually won to end the ominous war
of Viet Nam.
When he were 21 years old composed
that song, around of 1962 time of crisis,
wars, racial and religious discrimination,
riots, violence and much more
The letter raises a number of
philosophical questions about peace, war, compassion and
freedom. We could see that in the next example:

Yes, how many years can some people exist

Before theyre allowed to be free ?
Yes, how many times can a man turn his head
Pretending he just doesnt see ?
The answer my friend is blowin in the wind
The answer is blowin in the wind.

The Beatles

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British groups such The

Beatles were heavily
influenced by American blues
and R&B, The Beatles helped
to remodify Western pop
music and were the most
successful band ever. They
create a distinctly British
sound with this next features:
Mainly British accent
Standard song forms
Rhythmic guitar work
Simple melodies
Advance lyrics
Since his first album released, in 1963, until its dissolution in
1970, they published a total of 13 disks. The form of dress,
style and statements had a huge influence on society,
revolutionizing the culture of the Decade of the 60.Logran
the number 1 in the United States in 1964, little receptive
country up to that time the British groups. The true leaders
of the band were John Lennon and Paul McCartney,
composers of the majority of the songs. Japan's Yoko Ono,
fight of egos, the death by overdose in 1967 of manager
Brian Epstein and meddling in the Affairs of the band of John
Lennon woman, they are considered by many of his followers
as triggers of the rupture in April 1970.
The Rolling Stones

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The Rolling Stones edited their first

album in 1964, picking up versions of
other groups. They reach no. 1 in the
charts in England with this album and,
following the path opened by the Beatles
a year earlier, are presented in the
famous program of the United States,
"The Ed Sullivan Show". " This time is the
so-called confrontation with the Beatles,
but more nothing was a commercial
strategy, because actually there was no
such discrepancy. Her best-known song, Satisfaction,
released in 1965. During these years, the components have
a very close relationship with drugs and the psychedelic
movement of the 60s. Is the disk "Sticky Fingers" (1971)
when the famous logo appears on the inside of the disc
cover. " The definitive formation will not occur until the year
1975, when it becomes part of the Ronnie Wood band,
accompanying since that time to Mick Jagger, Keith Richards
and Charlie Watts
The Hippies
The hippies was a juvenile movement in the 1960s its
characterized by non-violent
anarchy, concern for the
environment and the rejection
of western materialism.
John Lennon is remembered,
as one of those people that
they did everything to put an
end to the violence and that
there be peace. Perhaps the
greatest monument to the
hippie movement, Lennon wrote countless songs about an
idealistic world without war and violence.

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The development of
Music on 1970
The 1970s are characterized by the birth and development of new
musical movements, which are: punk, disco music, pop staff,
heavy metal, Latin rock, reggae, urban rock, techno pop, glam
rock, and the symphonic rock
A lot of money in the music industry via high-tech studios,
stadium concerts and millions of record sales from the large under
30s generation and also hippy curiosity and rebellion largely
died/disappeared
Symphonic rock: The symphonic rock consists of adding to
the music rock elements of jazz or classical music. Your
Pioneer is Moody Blues. In Europe, add a Symphony
Orchestra, while in North America it adds elements of music
jazz. In Europe, stand out so Pink Floyd, Deep Purple,
Genesis and Mike Oldfield, and in North America is Frank
Zappa.
GLAM ROCK
Glam Rock is characterized by the use of make-up in men. Also
used a vestry very extravagant and showy, and certain sexual
ambiguity. This movement would be led by David Bowie. Queen
would be a great success. His style with the strength of hard rock
would become a true mass phenomenon. At the individual level
Alice Cooper, could point out with some loaded with adrenaline
and Elthon John shows.
Elthon Jhon

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Most popular British singersongwriter of the Decade of the

seventies. He was born in Pinner,
Middlesex. He began to play the
piano and to sing with the group,
Bluesology, and in 1965 began his
solo career. The single "Your Song"
(1971) was his first hit. " He began
acting with extravagant costumes
and other motifs characteristic of glam rock. In 1976 he
shocked the public with certain statements about her
bisexuality.
Queen
The main group of British rock. It was formed by four members.
Freddie Mercury, Brian Harold May, Roger Taylor and John
Deacon. Its history begins in 1968, when Brian May and Tim
Staffel, two students of Imperial Collage, created a band called
"Smile". Joined them as a drummer Roger Taylor. A coworker of
Tim Staffel, Freddie Bulsara, became a great admirer of the
group. In 1970, tim left the band, and Freddie joined the group,
along with Brian and Roger. Freddie changed his surname by
the Mercury and they changed the name of the group for
"Queen". They were joined a year later, John Deacon as bassist.
The British Group's most important rock history was already full
with these four names.
POP
The new pop is a musical movement that is led by the Swedish group ABBA. It is
similar to glam rock, but this one, don't use much hard rock.

Abba
Pop group of Swedish origin which obtained great success in
the record market around the middle of the Decade of the
seventies and early eighties. They made their debut at a

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restaurant in Gothenberg
in 1970 under the name of
Festfolk but later decided
to replace it with the first
initials of each Member of
the Quartet; Agnetha
Faltskog, Benny
Andersson, Bjorn Ulvaeus
and Anni-Frid (Frida)
Lyngstad. Inspired by the
pop American and British,
Italian sentimentalism and
the German commercial music, Abba were characterized by the
simplicity of their songs as well as his vocal harmonies. His first
big success, 'Waterloo', gave them the opportunity to represent
Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1974. In 1976, Abba
was the most popular group in Europe; They added
synthesizers and dance repertoire music and topped the lists of
successes and sales (at that time was the group that most sold
in the world with the sole exception of the Beatles) with titles
such as Mamma Mia

TECHNO POP
In the techno pop, guitars and batteries, cease to be one of the
main elements and passed to a second plane, being replaced by
synthesizers and rhythm boxes. Kraftwerk Germans stand in this
field.
KRAFTWERK
Created by Ralf Htter and Florian Scheneider, this band was
founded at the end of the 1960s, but its greatest popularity
was in the 70's.<br>These musicians were the builders of their
own instruments (generators, oscillators, synthesizers, rhythm,
etc). They took on sale 16 Lps, among which can be

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highlighted: Electric coffee, Autobahn, The Best and The Model.

This band has influenced modern groups.
URBAN ROCK
The main theme of this style, as its name indicates, will be urban,
cities. It will show us two sides of the cities. On the one hand, we
have the center of the city, the great buildings... On the other
hand, it will show us poverty, slums... The main figure, will be the
American Bruce Springsteen, known in the USA as The Boss.
BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN
He was born in Freehold, New Jersey, in 1942, and when he was
13 years old acquired a second hand guitar to imitate Elvis
Presley. His songs speak of hard times, alienation and broken
dreams, but with a touch of hope. He was a self-taught in the
study of piano and harmonica and during his time as student at
the Institute played in bars and clubs in the area. In 1972, he
signed a contract with Columbia Records. In 1973 released
their debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, followed by The
Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle in 1974. These
albums achieved great success.
REGGAE
Musical style that is influenced by rasta philosophy. The basis of
this philosophy will be a return, by black men to Africa, because of
the oppression of the white man. His followers are regular users of
marijuana. Reggae is located in Jamaica. Its leader is Bob Marley,
who manages to create a rhythm dance with a wide variety of
percussion instruments accompanied by small choirs.
BOB MARLEY
He was born in Rhoden Hall, St. Ann, Jamaica, in 1945, and his
real name was Robert Nesta Marley. In 1961, while working as
a welder in Kingston, he formed his first musical group, The
Rudeboys, then known as The Wailers. Their first songs were a
mixture of Calypso (form of folk music developed in the island
of Trinidad, to Northwestern South America and originally sung

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in carnivals) and soul.

At the end of the
1960's began to
become famous as a
singer of music
reggae, mix of
Jamaican folk
rhythms, rock, rhythm
and blues and soul.
The theme of
Marley's songs ranges
from songs about
love, through social
criticism, to call the
revolution. He died
victim of cancer in Miami in 1981.
THE HEAVY METAL
In the heavy metal take to guitars. They sound at maximum
power and are very aggressive. Its highest representative be Led
Zeppelin, which mixed a very sharp voice with guitars, creating a
magnificent musical composition. Other groups will be Thin Lizzy,
The Who, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath.
LED ZEPPELIN
It was formed in 1968 with the guitarist Jimmy Page, singer
Robert Plant, bassist John Paul Jones and drummer John
Bonham. Their first album, Led Zeppelin (1969), marked a new
stage in the music with a guitar sound based on the blues (as
well as most of the rock of the 1960s), but this time more
amplified and savage than their predecessors. Throughout his
career, his style evolved and softened; He began to show an
unexpected subtlety and a mysticism influenced by British folk
music and the occult.
DISCO

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The basis of this music was to create equal and monotonous,

rhythms that get noted. And they give rise to disco music.
Highlights at the end of the 70s. Clubs gain followers. Normally the
disco music was structured by a bar of 4/4`

PUNK
Punk rock meant rock garbage. The expression included a set of
bands (Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, Johnny Thunders
Heartbreakers, Richard Hell, Flowers of Romance, The Vibrators,
Siouxsie and The Banshees,) among others in London and whose
epicenter was in the fashion store that since 1971 the promoter
and veteran supporter of the movement ran in Kings Road,
Chelsea, suprematist Malcolm McLaren and Vivianne Westwood
Designer.<br> <br>Punk met a quick and unusual broadcast,
visual rather than musical, thanks to its external manifestations,
not reduced to the simple display of his striking and unique
features of aesthetic identity, marked by spontaneity and the
eagerness of rupture.

The development of
Music on 1980s
Musical styles continued to become more diverse in the 1980s
with new styles branching out of others and different styles
coming together in various ways
The rise of independent record labels through the punk rebellion
culture of the 70s
ADVANCED OF MUSIC TECHNOLOGY
Music technology continued to developed both the tech
equipment and the way musicians used tit continued to

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advance (e.g. drum machines, samplers, synthesizers,

software etc.)
Hip-hop used sampling to sample other artists work in their
recordings e.g. James Browns Funky Drummer in Public
Enemys Rebel without a Pause
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was introduced
Invention of the CD- the biggest format revolution since
magnetic tape- start of digital music.
INDIE ROCK
Influenced by the DIY amateur ideas of punk music- some
musicians started to create small independent record labels
The indie music scene in the UK focused on the North, especially
Manchester
Musical features:
imaginative personal lyrics
non-commercial sound
distinctive vocals
Key figures: Joy Division, The Fall, The Smiths
Music technology progressed (especially MIDI and sampling),
enabling new genres such as house and techno to exist
MTV launched in 1981 bringing the start of music video culture.
POP
In the 80s pop was a very superficial and commercial genre
There was a lot of money in making hit singles- record companies
investing in top producers & songwriters
Pop music was very visual and targeted the young MTV-watching
audiences
There was emphasis on creating a good music video and visual
persona rather than vocal quality and creativity

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Some artists still made an individual impact creatively either

through songwriting or their music videos
Musical feature:

uptempo songs or slow emotional ballads

lyrics about love
mainly synth/electronic sounds
catchy hooks/lyrics
emphasis on visual rather than vocal quality

Key figures: Wham!, Whitney Houston, Kylie Minogue, Michael

Jackson, Madonna, Prince
HOUSE
Developed from the 1970s Chicago gay club scene- the dancer
anted something to dance to that was less clich than disco but
more accessible that the Kraftwerk and other synthesizer bands
Influeced by disco and developing technology
In the late 80s ecstasy and LSD became common in the UK house
scene- hence the name Acid House. Acid House used samples and
a hippy vibe (freedom, being in the moment, lack of selfconsciousness
Musical features:

four-on-the-floor drums
use of drum machines, use of synthesizer
unusual chord sequences
long song lengths
few/no vocals
no verse/chorus structure
sampling

Key figures: Frank Knuckles, Ron Hardy, Jesse Saunders, Marshall

Jefferson, Phuture, M.A.R.S, Paul Oakenfold,
GOTH

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Goth developed from the earlier punk scene but with more
experimental features- less thrashing guitars and drums and less
angry political lyrics
Musical features:
clashing chords
heavy drums and wailing singing
depressed lyrics
Over time the goth sound became more conventional and rockbased.
Fashion/Image focused- morbid look/dark makeup,
coloured/black clothes

dark-

Key groups: Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus

The development of
Music on 1990s
Musical styles continued to become more diverse in the 2000s
with especially with the use of technology having an influence on
several artists from different genres. This is the different styles of
music on 1990s
Rock and indie
Pop music
Music dance
It provoked conflicts between the creative artists and the
visually-focussed popstars who were seen as the puppets of the
industry.
DRUMNBASS/ JUNGLE
One of the main differences between the dance scene and the
pop/rock scenes was that singles were not used to promote
albums and were created by little known artists and producers.

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Especially drumnbass was influenced by acid house, hip hop and

Jamaican dub. The most famous artist was Shy Fx, Goldie, Roni
Size
For other side Jungle artists became more experimental with
technology and rhythms
Musical features:

fast tempo (around 170bpm)

drum loops
bass line
use of samples
use of drum machines
use of synthesizer

GRUNGE
The grunge scene was based in Seattle, USA and it was influenced
by The Stooges, early 70s heavy rock e.g. Black Sabbath and
punk. The most famous artist was Nirvana or Mudhoney. Itdisliked
the image-focussed LA rock scene and commercialism
Musical features:

distorted guitars
amateur musicians
very few guitar solos
heavy guitar and bass riffs
dark lyrics

R&B
In the 90s R&B came to the fore with soul influenced melodies
mixed with the tougher sounds of hip-hop. Artist like Usher, Toni
Braxton, Mary J. Blige influenced in th
A popular 90s subgenre which combined hip-hop with R&B, pop
and jazz called New Jack Swing e.g. Poison. Key producers
were Bernard Belle, and Teddy Riley
Musical features:

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virtuoso vocals
close harmonies
syncopated drums

The development of
Music on 2000s
In the 2000s there was fragmentation and fusing together of
musical styles but outside of dance music there were few
completely new genres
There was a feeling of nostalgia in the decade in several genres
with musician looking to the past for inspiration- some critics
accused them of being uninventive e.g. Duffy, Amy Winehouse,
The White Stripes, Lady Gaga
Reality TV music competitions became popular with the dramatic
soap-opera style stories which created some hit songs e.g.
Popstars, Pop Idol, X Factor
Developments in the internet and technology changed the
accessibility, availability and ownership of music
ADVANCED OF TECHNOLOGY
Music technology continued to developed both the tech
equipment and the way musicians used it continued to
advance (e.g. drum machines, samplers, synthesizers,
software etc.)
Digital recording technology- opening recording to the
masses, anyone can make a professional sounding track with
very little equipment e.g. Music Apps
Invention of portable MP3 player- made physical format
redundant- more people got their music via file sharing
(Napster), downloads (iTunes), social networks (MySpace)
and online streaming, MP3 players and mobile phones made
large volume of music even more portable

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GRIME MUSIC
Grime music started as a way of London young black and ethnic
minorities expressing their views on society e.g. everyday life,
police profiling, life in poor areas, gang culture etc.
Although influenced by the style, Grime became distinctive from
American hip-hop.
Grime began as an underground genre mainly MCing in clubs,
airplay on pirate radio and rap battles
Musical features:

rapping in London accents

140 bpm
syncopated drum beat
string riff
sparse dark bassline
DIY production

Key figures: Roll Deep, Wiley, Dizzee Rascal, Tinchy Stryder

POP
The nostalgia effect influenced artists such as Adele and Amy
Winehouse who showed elements of 60s/70s soul and RnB in their
songs.
The musical style of the 1980s influenced pop music to some
extent in the later stages of the decade, especially around late
2009.
Popularity of TV talent show saw their stars reach the charts and
become popular with their manufactured sound e.g. Girls Aloud,
Leona Lewis
Musical features:
untempo songs or slow emotional ballads
catchy hooks/lyrics

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use of synthesizers/technology
use of samples
influence of dance music
Key figures: Lady Gaga, Kylie Minogue, Justin Timberlake, Pussycat
Dolls
DUBSTEP
Dubstep is one of the most notable developments in the 2000s
dance scene
Influenced by Jamaican dub , drumnbass and garage
In the late 00s dubstep went more mainstream and went
international with acts such as Skrillex, Chase and Status and also
influenced pop artists Rihanna and Britney Spears
Musical features:

slow syncopated drum beats

wobble bassline and use of sub-bass
dub technology effects
builds and bass drops
use of synthesiser

Skrillex was the most influenced artist in this genre

Electro House
House continued to dominate the mainstream market throughout
the 2000s
DJs and producers in the dance music genre became big stars
Electro-house gradually pushed out trance and other forms of pop
and dance music to become popular in the 2000s- with pop artists
incorporating house music and house artists using pop vocals on
their hits. E.g. Lady Gaga, Swedish House Mafia and David Guetta

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Musical features:

four-on-the-floor drums
catchy hooks
use of music technology to manipulate sounds e.g. reverb
compression

One of the most recognized artist is David Guetta.