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A PROJECT REPORT
ON
Research on MARKETING STRATEGY OF VODAFONE
Submitted by
Vikalp Kulshreshtha
62053
In partial fulfillment of the award of
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Making the project was a collaboration process. I have many people to thank for their general
support. First of all I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to Mr. Arun,
Principal of Tilak College, in developing my potential, skills and ability with his valuable and
precious interest and consideration.
My thanks to Prof. Chaitali Dutta, Project Guide, for providing valuable advice and cooperation for this project.
I wish to convey my gratitude to Prof. Chaitali Dutta for giving her care, patient, unfailing
support to me and also providing valuable advice and cooperation for this project.
I offer special thanks to my friends for their constant support and help towards making this
project.
I would also like to keep on record my sincere thanks to our staff, for their kind cooperation
and support at every stage of the project.
DECLARATION
I, Vikalp Kulshreshtha, hereby declare that the project report entitled "Research on
MARKETING STRATEGY OF VODAFONE under the guidance of Prof. Chaitali Dutta
submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Management Studies to Mumbai University. This is my original work and not submitted for
award of any other degree/ diploma/ fellowship or other similar titles or prize to any other
institution; organisation/ university by any other person.
PIACE: -
SIGNATURE
DATE: -
Vikalp Kulshreshtha
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
India, like many other countries of the world, have adopted a gradual approach to telecom
sector reform through selective privatization and managed competition in different segments
of the telecom market. The Indian telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing
in the world and India is projected to become the second largest telecom market globally.
Vodafone Essar in India is a subsidiary of Vodafone Group Plc and commenced operations in
1994 when its predecessor Hutchison Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai. In
one of the biggest brand transition exercises in recent times, Hutch, countrys fourth-largest
mobile service provider was renamed Vodafone. With the entry of Vodafone, which is the
world's leading international mobile communications company in the Indian Telecom sector
the Indian consumers have benefited in terms of better products and services? This has had a
considerable impact on the users as well as the service providers like Airtel, Reliance, Idea and
Tata Teleservices.
The project work was undertaken to evaluate the marketing strategies of Vodafone in India.
The data for the thesis was collected using both primary and secondary data.
Secondary data regarding growth of Indian Telecom Industry, Vodafone and its strategies in
India and other related facts was collected from the website of TRAI, DOT and Vodafone.
Primary data for the thesis was collected using a structured questionnaire which was filled by
110 mobile users in Navi Mumbai region. The information collected thereon was analysed the
impact of marketing strategies on the churn rate at Vodafone. I have also collected some
information from Vodafone Officials using structured interview.
It was found that in Navi Mumbai, Airtel leads the subscriber tally vis--vis Vodafone.
Vodafone is preferred by many users for its value added services.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.
NO.
1.
PARTICULARS
PAGE
NO.
1
3.
36
4.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
43
5.
6.
7.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
73
8.
APPENDIX
74
2.
46
71
1968
1998
2008
2010
2014
0.8 million
18.6 million
333.84 million
650 million
970.97 million
The past decade has seen an exponential growth in the Indian Telecom Sector. In the year 2000,
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Act was amended and in 2001, Telecom
Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) started its functioning. In 2002, Bharat
Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) entered into GSM cellular operation and made incoming calls
free for the first time and since then there is no looking back. Currently, the call rates in India
are one of the lowest; to the extent where some operators are even offering Per-Second-Billing.
Despite the financial slowdown, the industry continued its high growth rate. In 2009, the Indian
Telecom sector contributed 5.65 to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and attracted
a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of over $2 billion. India is Third in the world in terms of the
number of Telecom subscribers. In addition to this, India has the second largest wireless
network in the world, next only to China. The government initiatives like announcement
of 3G policy and WiMAX rollout are bold steps in serving mass communications. Sharing of
the basic telecom infrastructure among the major telecom players such as Airtel and Vodafone
has also resulted in a pan India reach.
The Telecom Scenario can be broadly dissected into four categories:
1) Rural India: Bridging the Telecom Divide.
The emergence of Rural Market in India provides an extensive market place for mobile
industry. The adoption of 3G and Broadband Wireless Association (BWA) is likely to
galvanize competition and expand network coverage into the hinterlands of the country. Within
a short span of 3 years, the rural tele-density has jumped from 4.5% to 19%. ExCommunications Minister A. Raja believes that the continued participation of private sector
will help us achieve the target of 40 percent rural tele-density well before the set timeline of
2014.
2) India as hub for Telecom Equipment Manufacturing and Exports.
In order to make the latest technology available in the market, focus is on commercialization
of telecom innovation and technology. This can contribute towards inclusive growth by making
low cost handsets available that support affordable access in rural areas. The production of
telecom equipments as of March 2009 was INR 518 billion with a CAGR of 29% during the
last five years. At the same time INR 81 billion of telecom equipments were exported with a
CAGR of 100% during the last five years.
3) VAS, Mobile Banking and M-commerce
Value Added Services (VAS) has an immense potential to grow with services like Mobile
banking and Mobile -commerce. Content development, pricing and innovative strategies are
the key factors for driving the VAS demand.
4) Exploring New Frontiers
With growing competitive pressure on all fronts and the inevitable need to keep pace with
emerging technologies globally, telecom operators are re-examining their traditional business
models and are making substantial investments in upcoming technologies. These include 3G
Band Allocation, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Future
Generation Networks.
Considered to be the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, India is divided
into a total of 22 telecom circles with multiple carriers operating in each circle. Private
operators control 87.9% of the wireless market share while state-owned operators BSNL and
MTNL hold 12.1% of the market share. The number of mobile phone subscribers in India rose
to 975.98 million in May, 2015 with the addition of 2.44 million connections.
GSM Operator
Total Subscriber
Market Share
217.22
24.38%
Vodafone
178.68
20.06%
IDEA Cellular
150.54
16.90%
Reliance
79.03
8.87%
BSNL
79.34
8.91%
Aircel
78.67
8.83%
Tata
51.36
5.77%
Telewings
43.63
4.90%
Videocon
6.45
0.72%
MTNL
3.36
0.38%
Loop Mobile
0.00
0.00%
Quadrant
2.51
0.28%
All India
890.78
100%
Airtel 24%
BSNL 8%
Aircel 8%
Vodafone 19%
Reliance 11%
Idea 17%
the virgin Indian telecommunication market. This resulted entry of private, domestic and
foreign telecommunication companies in India.
The economic contribution made by these newly formed telecommunication companies of
India is really mentioned worthy and this industry witnessed highest growth after the Indian
Information Technology industry. The robust growth of Indian economy after the economic
liberalization in the 1990s induced massive change in the telecom policy and new draft was
framed and implemented by the 'Telecom Regulatory Authority of India' (TRAI) and
'Department of Telecommunication' (DOT), under the Ministry of Telecommunication
government of India. The main aim of these telecommunication companies in India is to
provide basic telephony services to each and every Indian.
Following are the new players in Telecom Industry in India
Vision:
Our Vision is to be the communication leader in an increasingly connected world.
Vodafone India Ltd.
Vodafone India Ltd. is an Indian subsidiary of Vodafone group and commenced its operations
in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai.
The company now has operations across the country with over 118.04 million GSM mobile
customers. Over the years, Vodafone Essar, has been named the Most Respected Telecom
Company, the Best Mobile Service in the country and the Most Creative and Most Effective
Advertiser of the Year.
Vodafone acquired an indirect controlling interest in Vodafone Essar, their local operating
company in India, in 2007-08. Vodafone currently has equity interests in 31 countries across
five continents and around 40 partner networks worldwide.
Vodafone Essar is now largest operating company for Vodafone when measured by customer
numbers and its sheer scale and rapid growth makes it unique. It has nearly 10,000 employees
and employs more than 90,000 contractors. The network is rapidly expanding to meet demand
and extend telecommunications to more rural areas, with more than 2,500 new base stations
deployed each month.
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The FIPB has also cleared the Vodafones applications for national and international long
distance (NLD & ILD) and internet service provider (ISP) license which will further take its
market in a new domain.
c) Competitive Advantage:
From product innovation to technological advantage, Vodafone as a brand keeps on improving
and coming up with new plans. Vodafone adjusts according to the changing market which gives
them a competitive advantage. Vodafone has from time to time come with creative advertising
campaign for its various plans which has captured the imagination of millions. Vodafones
plans like Chota Recharge and number of add on plans like these has made it sure that it
maintains an edge over its competitors. Vodafone pursues a global international corporate-level
strategy and has heavily focused on acquisitions like Hutch acquisition in India. Vodafone has
also pursued a focused cost leadership business-level strategy of exclusive focus on the mobile
telephony industry in India with no distractions that faced their competitors (such as fixed-line
telephony).
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12
Industry Rivalry:
Vodafone faces a very high industry rivalry from its competitors because as the different
mobile operators slashes its rate per call or provides any new services then they also have to
provide to its customers.
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European market this has resulted in an increase in the price elasticity of demand, with
consumers becoming continuously price oriented. This has resulted in high customer churn
rates reaching the level of 32.8% in the UK compared to O2s 24%.
Opportunities:
The telecommunications market, even though highly saturated in some regions offers great
potential due to the ageing population and the sophistication of the consumers. It offers great
opportunities through a careful market segmentation and exploitation of particular profitable
segments. Different strategies should be pursued simple phones and simplified pricing plans
to the ageing population and more updated, sophisticated solutions for younger generations.
The expanding Boundaries of the market could provide further opportunities by allowing
Vodafone to enter more aggressively into fixedline service and to better enjoy the benefits of
its high investment in 3G technology. Moreover the company has undertaken its first steps in
establishing strategic alliances to develop customized solutions for end users.
Threats:
The European part of Vodafones market is characterized by existing high levels of
competition. Major brands such as O2 and TMobile are exploiting the price sensitivity of
customers and in this way they are building a stronger image and presence in the market.
Indirect competition is also increasing further, through the presence of Skype and other related
(not only voice) Internetbased services. This combined with the upcoming European
legislative measures is expected to limit further the tariffs for the network providers imposing
further need for price cuts which could harm the bottom line profitability of the company.
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STP ANALYSIS
SEGMENTATION
Product Segmentation:
Telecommunication
means
Landline
Mobiles
CDMA
GSM
AIRCEL
AIRTEL
VODAFONE
RELIANCE
GSM
BSNL
OTHERS
Consumer Segmentation:
Customers are typically classified as prepaid or contract customers. Prepaid customers pay in
advance and are generally not bound to minimum contractual commitments, while contract
customers usually sign up for a predetermined length of time and are invoiced for their services,
typically on a monthly basis. Increasingly, Vodafone offers SIM only tariffs allowing
customers to benefit from the Vodafone network whilst keeping their existing handset. The
following segmentation variables are used by Vodafone in order to segment the market:
Geographic:
Vodafone segments its market as metros, A-circle, B-circle and C- circle. Here, the
segmentation is done on the basis of regions in which they operate. Also, rural and semi-
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urban markets are fast emerging as profitable market segment, so Vodafone is trying to
enhance its operations effectively further in these segment.
Demographic:
Income: Vodafone further segments its market according to various income levels and have
various plans for every strata of society.
Age: Vodafone does not primarily segment its market on the basis of age but they have specific
plans for youth.
Nature of the Customer: Depending on the fact that whether the customer is institutional or
sole, the services and plans provided by Vodafone varies and thus, it forms an important bases
for segmentation.
Psychographic:
Lifestyle and Personality: Vodafone segments its users on the type of service they use based
on their lifestyle such as different plans for students, professionals etc.
Behavioural:
Benefits Sought: Vodafone segments its customers on the basis of the benefits sought by them
such as such as: local call, STD call or ISD call makers; users of value added services,
connectivity and coverage.
Usage Rate: Vodafone also classify its users as one with heavy usage rate, medium usage rate
and light usage rate and have different targeting schemes for each of them.
Type of the service: The Type of the service provided by Vodafone to its customers also plays
a crucial role in deciding the segmentation strategy implemented by Vodafone.
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Business Segmentation:
The Group continues to grow usage and penetration across all business segments. VGE
manages the Groups relationship with Vodafones 270 largest multinational corporate
customers. VGE simplifies the provision of fixed, mobile and broadband services for MNCs
who need a single operational and commercial relationship with Vodafone worldwide. It
provides a range of managed services such as central ordering, customer self-serve web portals,
telecommunications expense management tools and device management coupled with a single
contract and guaranteed service level agreements.
The Group continues to expand its portfolio of innovative solutions offered to small office
home office (SoHo), SME and corporate customers. Increasingly these combine fixed and
mobile voice and data services integrated with productivity tools.
TARGETING
Vodafone has full market coverage with differentiated offerings. Market is targeted through
many different tariffs, services and propositions for every segment according to specific
customer preferences and needs. These often bundle together as: voice, messaging, data and
increasing value added services. The various examples for this include:
Home calling cards for the family of those professionals who use to work abroad.
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POSITIONING
Vodafone has continued to build brand value by delivering a superior, consistent and
differentiated customer experience. Their tagline Where ever you go our network follows
gives the customer indication of their vast coverage.
They differentiated themselves from other mobile service providers by delivering the promise
of helping customers make the most of their time and their communication strategy has
always focused on Happy to help which tends to strike an emotional chord with the
customer.
The Groups vision is to be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world
expanding the Groups category from mobile only to total communications. To enable the
consistent use of the Vodafone brand in all customer interactions, a set of detailed guidelines
has been developed in areas such as advertising, retail, online and merchandising.
In April 2009 a campaign, focusing on the different value added services (VAS) offered by the
company was launched, introduced new characters called the Zoo zoos who seem to be in
between the world of animation and reality. Several advertisements in which the Zoo zoos
featured were shown on television during the Indian Premier League (IPL) Season 2 and were
instant hit among the customers but the conversion of this excitement into revenue is yet to be
seen.
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ENTERPRISE SERVICES
Voice services
Pre Paid
Post Paid
Vodafone Live
19
Vodafone Office
Vodafone Business Solution
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Vodafone Essar is the second largest GSM operator in India after Airtel from the perspective
of market share and subscriber base and is increasingly expanding its share (the detail figures
are given in Appendix). It still is quite far from Airtel due to Airtels strong presence in rural
areas and loyal customer base along with larger reach and first mover advantage.
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Logo a new visual identityfrom the deep pink logo of Hutchison-Essar to Vodafones
trademark deep red speech mark introduced in 1998.
Advertisement:
The inaugural TV commercial showed the trademark pug (minus the boy) moving out of a pink
kennel into a red one. An energetic version of Hutchs signature You and I tune played
towards the end, as the super concluded, Change is good. Hutch is now Vodafone. There were
four more commercials featuring Hutchs animated boy and girl, introducing the new brands
logo to consumers.
Vodafone put in close to 150 crore into the first phase of the rebranding exercisewith 60
crore in mass media and another 90 crore in retail activities.
In the second phase, Vodafone ushered in its global straplineMake the most of now, which
replaced How are you? in 2001. By then it was apparent, the boy-and-pug chapter would
soon be over. In 2008, Vodafone used the platform of cricket when it unveiled the Happy to
Help series during the first season of the Indian Premier League (IPL).
This season the Zoozoos are all the rage. These characters have virtually hijacked the online
media as well as televisionto convey a value added service (VAS) offering in each of the
new commercials.
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In Indian scenario when other major telecom service providers are using celebrities(AirtelShahrukh Khan, BSNL-Deepika Padukone, Aircel-Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Idea-Abhishek
Bachchan) as their brand ambassadors, Vodafone is standing out proudly with Zoozoos and
pug as successful ad campaign.
Products and services in India:
In telecom industry it proudly stands as world no. 2 after China no. 2 GSM service
provider in India after Airtel
A new Marketing Framework has been developed and implemented across the business, which
includes a new vision of expanding the Groups category from mobile only to total
communications to be the communications leader in an increasingly connected world.
Brand and customer experience continues to implement Vodafones promise of helping
customers make the most of their time. The brand function has also developed a methodology
to develop competitive local market brand positioning, with local brand positioning projects
now implemented in 12 markets.
In September 2007, Vodafone welcomed India with the Hutch is now Vodafone campaign. The
migration from Hutch to Vodafone was one of the fastest and most comprehensive brand transitions in
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the history of the Group, with 400,000 multi brand outlets, over 350 Vodafone stores, over 1,000 mini
stores, over 35 mobile stores and over 3,000 touchpoints rebranded in two months, with 60% completed
within 48 hours of the launch.
Distribution:
Direct distribution-Number of directly owned stores - 1150
Vodafone directly owns and manages over 1,150 stores. These stores sell services to new
customers, renew or upgrade services for existing customers, and in many cases also provide
customer support.
A standard store format, which was tested in 2006, was rolled out in 11 markets during the
2008 financial year. All stores in India were rebranded as Vodafone and over 40 stores were
refurbished to the Groups standard format.
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The Group also has 6,500 Vodafone branded stores, which sell Vodafone products and services
exclusively, by way of franchise and exclusive dealer arrangements.
The internet is a key channel to promote and sell Vodafones products and services and to
provide customers with an easy, user friendly and accessible way to manage their Vodafone
services and access support.
Additionally, in most operating companies, sales forces are in place to sell directly to business
customers and some consumer segments.
Indirect distribution:
The extent of indirect distribution varies between markets but may include using third party
service providers, independent dealers, distributors and retailers.
The Group hosts MVNOs in a number of markets. These are operators who buy access to
existing networks and resell that access to customers under a different brand name and
proposition. Where appropriate, Vodafone seeks to enter mutually profitable relationships with
MVNO partners as an additional route to market.
Presence in India:
8,163 base stations directly managed by Vodafone Essar in the remaining seven circles
26
Market potential
Infrastructure
Competition
Income levels
Ethical considerations
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in which the Group operates, may lead to a reduction in the level of demand from the Groups
customers for existing and new products and services. In difficult economic conditions,
consumers may seek to reduce discretionary spending by reducing their use of the Groups
products and services, including data services, or by switching to lower-cost alternatives
offered by the Groups competitors. Similarly, under these conditions the enterprise customers
may delay purchasing decisions, delay full implementation of service offerings or reduce their
use of the Groups services. In addition, number of the Groups consumer and enterprise
customers that are unable to pay for existing or additional services might increase, having
material adverse effect on the Groups results of operations.
The continued volatility of worldwide financial markets may make it more difficult for
the Group to raise capital externally, which could have a negative impact on the Groups
access to finance.
The Groups key sources of liquidity in the foreseeable future are likely to be cash generated
from operations and borrowings through long term and short term issuances in the capital
markets as well as committed bank facilities. Due to the recent volatility experienced in capital
and credit markets around the world, new issuances of debt securities may experience
decreased demand. Adverse changes in credit markets or Vodafones credit ratings could
increase the cost of borrowing and banks may be unwilling to renew credit facilities on existing
terms.
Regulatory decisions and changes in the regulatory environment could adversely affect
the Groups business.
As the Group has ventures in a large number of geographic areas, it must comply with an
extensive range of requirements that regulate and supervise the licensing, construction and
operation of its telecommunications networks and services. In particular, there are agencies
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which regulate and supervise the allocation of frequency spectrum and which monitor and
enforce regulation and competition laws which apply to the mobile telecommunications
industry. Decisions by regulators regarding the granting, amendment or renewal of licences, to
the Group or to third parties, could adversely affect the Groups future operations in these
geographic areas. Additionally, decisions by regulators and new legislation, such as those
relating to international roaming charges and call termination rates, could affect the pricing for,
or adversely affect the revenue from, the services the Group offers.
Increased competition may reduce market share and revenue.
The Group faces intensifying competition and its ability to compete effectively will depend on,
among other things, network quality, capacity and coverage, the pricing of services and
equipment, the quality of customer service, development of new and enhanced products and
services, the reach and quality of sales and distribution channels and capital resources.
Competition could lead to a reduction in the rate at which the Group adds new customers, a
decrease in the size of the Groups market.
The focus of competition in many of the Groups markets continues to shift from customer
acquisition to customer retention as the market for mobile telecommunications has become
increasingly penetrated. In addition, the Group could face increased competition should there
be an award of additional licenses in jurisdictions in which a member of the Group already has
a license.
The Group uses technologies from a number of vendors and makes significant capital
expenditures in connection with the deployment of such technologies. The introduction of
software and other network components may also be delayed. The failure of vendor
performance or technology performance to meet the Groups expectations or the failure of a
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and quantum of future capital expenditure, as well as several factors which may affect revenue
and profitability identified within other risk factors in this section such as intensifying
competition, pricing pressures, regulatory changes and the timing for introducing new products
or services.
The Groups geographic expansion may increase exposure to unpredictable economic,
political and legal risks.
As the Group increasingly enters into emerging markets, the value of the Groups investments
may be adversely affected by political, economic and legal developments which are beyond
the Groups control.
Expected benefits from investment in networks, licences and new technology may not be
realised.
The Group has made substantial investments in the acquisition of licences and in its mobile
networks, including the roll out of 3G networks. There can be no assurance that the introduction
of new services will proceed according to anticipated schedules or that the level of demand for
new services will justify the cost of setting up and providing new services.
The Groups business would be adversely affected by the non-supply of equipment and
support services by a major supplier.
Companies within the Group, source network infrastructure and other equipments as well as
network-related and other significant support services, from third party suppliers. The
withdrawal or removal from the market of one or more of these major third party suppliers
could adversely affect the Groups operations and could result in additional capital or
operational expenditures by the Group.
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FUTURE STRATEGIES
Based on global trends and Indian experience, the rate of growth of cellular mobile
services would continue to be higher for a number of years. Its two important
implications are further lowering of average cost per line and cellular mobile.
The capital requirement for investments in the next five years are expected to be
lower than the present cost due to continuing decline in equipment cost as well as lower
network costs due to competition resulting from entry of infrastructure providers,
Railways, Power Grid Corporation, etc. and huge capacity addition by other players.
A small portion of the subscriber base provides a large share of call revenue. High
revenue subscriber category would form the core of competition among operators
which may lead to a fall in the tariffs applicable to this type i.e. long distance calls.
Margin of surplus will decline over time due to competition. However, the break-even
revenue per subscriber will also be lower due to decline in costs.
Data services are expected to grow much faster than voice telephony. This underlines
the need in due course to focus on broad-band linkages to enable the provision of these
services at the required rate.
Due to large uncovered areas in rural and remote regions of the country which are
also expected to be low paying is going to bring the next revolution in the telecom
sector.
The trend towards convergence of services may lead to major changes in the structure of
industry and markets. The new mantra for the Telecom sector is: ROTI, KAPDA,
MAKAAN AUR MOBILE
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The current perception of Vodafone in India is that of a brand that provides high quality
customer service at reasonable prices. Even though Vodafone has not hired a known face to
endorse itself, it has still managed to establish a very high emotional connect with its
customers through its brilliantly conceived marketing strategies. Excellent examples of this
would be the recent Zoozoo campaign and the well-received Vodafone Pug campaign. In
the case of the Pug campaign, Vodafone managed to project itself as a service provider which
would always be following the customer through the tagline Wherever you go, our network
follows. And in the case of the Zoozoo campaign, Vodafone further strengthened their
image among their customer base and the market in general.
Vodafone currently faces stiff competition since new players have also entered the fray
recently. Players like Loop, Hash10, MTS etc. are set to roll out their services due to which
Vodafone may find it difficult to maintain its current share of customer base in India.
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Vodafone is currently in the process of adding further verticals to its market portfolio in order
to increase its presence and expand its customer base. 3G services are currently in the pipeline.
Also Vodafone can venture into providing broadband and WiMAX services which have a very
high potential for revenue generation. M2M or Machine to Machine platform is also present
on Vodafones strategy for market diversification. The platform, which is an enterprise solution
designed by Vodafone for providing automation and wireless controlling is still under the
process of patenting.
Expand distribution:
The current distribution model of Vodafone has been very successful in penetration of the
urban segment. It has a presence in all the 23 Indian telecom circles and has set up 78,000 base
stations spread across India. And Vodafone is still deploying 2,600 base stations each month.
Even in Mumbai, Vodafone has a total of 25,000 distribution outlets, out of which 35 are
Vodafone Stores. Even though the presence is considerable, Vodafone needs to focus on a more
intensive distributional model in order to keep up with competitors like Airtel etc.
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35
INTERVIEW
Vodafone India is barely old. Can you see the direction in which it is heading?
Vodafone has experienced a fairly good run in the past few years. It has emerged as one of the
premium players in the telecom. Within a short period being second in the industry is a
tremendous achievement. It is one of the few players which has a pan-India presence and it
caters to not only the Premium segment but also to the rural segments as well. Plus, Vodafone
is at the forefront of ushering in new technology e.g. 3G and Wi-max is about to roll out within
the next few months so Vodafone is on solid-turf.
What are your strategies for penetrating rural market?
For entry into any sector, say rural or urban, there should be focus on network coverage and
distribution. In addition to that, the affordability and penetration also comes into picture.
Considerable effort is being put in from our side to increase our network coverage, customer
satisfaction. We have one of the best and largest customer support service which is twice the
size of our nearest competitor.
The telecom sector already is experiencing cut-throat competition. With new competitors
introducing how difficult will it be for other players?
It is very difficult already for the existing players as profit margins are reducing with increase
in number of players. The profits have reduced due to the slashing of call rates. However, the
profits realized are due to increasing usage rates. New competitors are a very good launch and
I believe it will change the rules of the game altogether.
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37
Can you throw some light on the distribution network of Vodafone India?
Vodafone India has a very good distribution network. We have 25000 operators functioning
now. We also undertake special programs to drive better distribution in every circle. Since we
have better distribution network in the country we are the benchmark of the Indian telecom
sector.
What are the other external factors that you feel had affected the telecom sector in the
recent past?
Every national event affects the industry as a whole. The drought in India affected the
disposable income in rural India. Naturally the spending on these services will decrease. The
sector is not immune to terrorist attacks or even Swine flu scare as it affects the movement of
tourists and in turn adverse effects our revenues from roaming charges.
Why did you choose to enter India through Hutchinson Essar rather than entering
directly?
It is a strategical move by Vodafone. It is a way of faster routing. For instance, for DOCOMO
it took them 2 years after getting license to start their operations. It involved building of
newer infrastructure whereas we chose to cut costs by operating through Hutchinson Essar.
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directly come to the centers regarding the problems they face related to the products &
services.
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41
Coverage
Feel at home with the widest coverage in the country. Present all over India, we have you
covered no matter where you are.
Andhra Pradesh
Kolkata
Chennai
Mumbai
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Haryana
Kerala
UP(E)
Punjab
UP(W)
West Bengal
Rajasthan
42
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is well known fact that the most important step in marketing research process is to define the
problem. Choose for investigation because a problem well defined is half solved. That was the
reason that at most care was taken while defining various parameters of the problem. After
giving through brain storming session, objectives were selected and the set on the base of these
objectives. A questionnaire was designed major emphasis of which was gathering new ideas
or insight to determine and bind out solution to the problems. This research consists of
following element:
Data Source
Research included gathering both primary and secondary data. Primary data is the first hand
data, which are selected a fresh and thus happen to be original in character. Primary Data
was crucial to know the customers satisfaction of various Vodafone Sim card
users. Secondary data are those which has been collected by someone else
and which already have been passed through statistical process. Secondary data has been
taken from internet, newspaper, magazines and companies web sites.
Research Approach
The approach adopted for the entire project was
1. Capturing marketing insights identify the market and opportunities in it.
2. Connecting with Customers to improve customer engagement
3. Building stronger brands
4. To identify ways to deliver products, services and value better.
5. Creating long term growth by improving customer loyalty
43
Hence, these objectives were translated into three key focus areas
Reducing costs.
The project was carried out in two parts. The first part involved Churn Analysis. The second
part included studying customer engagement and life cycle analysis. The methodology for
getting information /Sources of information
Gathering knowledge from the available data and reports (MIS team)
External information through public sources like TRAI and the Internet
Customer surveys and client visits to get opinions from the customer directly
Sampling Unit
It gives the target population that will be sampled. This research was carried in
Vashi, Navi Mumbai. These were 100 respondents.
44
1. Research
work was
carried
out in
one
area
of
CITY
of
NAVI
MUMBAI only the finding may not be applicable to the other parts of the country
because of social and cultural differences.
2. The sample was collected using connivance-sampling techniques. As such,
result may not give an exact representation of the population.
3. Shortage of time is also reason for incomprehensiveness.
4. The views of the people are biased therefore it does not reflect true picture.
45
46
SURVEY RESULTS
No
Vodafone simcard
Highly
Network
satisfied
48
Customer Care
Compared with
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly
26
14
dissatisfied
4
18
38
22
14
other simcard
10
48
34
Call cost
62
14
12
Mobile Internet
24
58
10
3G plan
16
22
42
14
47
48
CHURN ANALYSIS
Churn analysis can be done by
1. Understanding - data, reports and getting the customer feedback
2. Predicting studying the predictive churn model, understanding the key factors
considered for the predictive churn model and measuring the effectiveness of the model.
Churn should also be studied as Actual Churn and Partial Churn. Actual Churn is related to the
disconnections. Partial churn can be denoted by delayed payments, complaints increase and
lower usage of VAS services or voice or data usage. The Predictive Churn Model uses these
factors as indicators to identify their threat base. Out calling is done to these numbers to identify
the reasons for low usage.
Predictive churn modeling (Predictive churn modeling is the process by which a model is
created or chosen to try to best predict the probability of an outcome of a churn.) although
effective in reducing churn, suffers due to certain practical issues. Most of the subscribers who
are identified as the threat base (Base of customers who are likely to churn based on a modelbased prediction.) are not contactable. Either they choose not to speak or they cannot be
reached. Moreover, by the time these subscribers are identified in the threat base, they have
already churned.
CHURN FIGURES MONTH ON MONTH
49
February saw an increase in COCP churn due to a large number of disconnections from ICICI.
Whereas March saw a larger number of IOIP disconnections mainly owing to involuntary churn
especially due to unpaid bills.
The above table shows the churn in terms of numbers and in terms of revenue. It is essential to
understand churn in both number and revenue.
50
CHURN REASONS
Churn reasons can be studied in two categories Voluntary and Involuntary churn. The table
below shows the breakup of Voluntary and Involuntary churn reasons.
51
3. There are cases wherein the customer has not received the bill or wherein he has a bill
dispute. Hence, he has not made the payment. This was observed by analyzing the
complaints that the customer has logged in.
4. The top 3 reasons for IV disconnections are the same across all AON categories of
subscribers.
5. It is interesting to note that there are no UNB disconnections for those customers who
are on Direct Debit. Hence, this can be looked as one way to reduce UNB disconnection.
6. Most of these unbilled cases are primarily from BPO and call centers. Most of the
subscribers choose to not pay the last bill before they leave the organization. As
understood from the collections department, attempts to trace them are also in vain,
since their alternate contact numbers are not reachable.
7. It was also noted that most of the subscribers in the UNB disconnections are in the age
group of 25 30 years (about 40%). Moreover, they are mainly from companies like
TCS, Reliance Infostream, Accenture, Intelenet, Reliance Group etc. It is also
interesting to note that this segment is also the biggest revenue churners.
Recommendations
1. Direct Debit - should be promoted.
2. E-Bill should be encouraged It was observed that many companies and individuals
were open to E-Bills. However, they were not taking the initiative themselves for
subscribing to E-Bill. Hence, I feel that if there were an active campaign to promote EBill in all companies, there would be many lesser complaints over bill delivery delays
and payment delays.
3. E-Bills could also be sent proactively to all those subscribers whose email address we
have in the system along with their hard copy of their bills.
52
4. Early payment - This campaign was once carried out and it saw a surge of 4% in ontime payments. Such initiatives help in reducing UNB disconnections.
5. Alternate Contact Numbers and Reference Checks- should be obtained and verified too
in order to improve contactability. Presently, reference numbers are ID proofs are being
obtained. However, reference checks should be done in especially companies like call
centers where the subscribers are not traceable after they leave.
6. Alternate contact numbers should not be company board line numbers. Ideally, they
should be mobile numbers.
53
54
Recommendations
1. Disconnection codes for Enterprise need to be revised and clearly indicate the actual
reasons.
2. To make the retention effort more effective, enterprise should have a separate retention
call center. Presently, only email requests for disconnection are handled separately.
Moreover, for the IOIP customers, they are treated on par with the regular postpaid
subscribers.
3. Alternate contact numbers should be obtained.
4. For COCP disconnection requests from the authorized signatories (Generally, the
SPOC (Single Point of Contact) in an organization for dealing with mobile connections.
This could be an individual in the admin department or the HR department.), the reason
should be obtained and the churn should be tagged with the real reason. This can be
done either by issuing a disconnection request form to the authorized signatories or by
taking the request along with the reason through the e-mail.
5. Research indicates that the 4 most important factors that cause churn are - Service,
Tariff, Network and Brand Image. Service and tariff are the two things that we can
improve on a relatively shorter period of time in order to reduce dissatisfaction.
Revenue Churn
The actual number of disconnections in a month can be a good indicator of Churn. However,
it does not fully represent the actual loss to Vodafone. Hence, there is a need to study churn in
terms of Revenue loss too. Revenue churn is obtained by taking the sum of all the ARPU of all
the subscribers churned for a Company X for that month.
55
The table below shows the revenue churn for the month of March for the top companies.
Though the data is sorted in the descending order of the number of churns, the revenue churn
numbers dont arrange themselves in the same order.
Observations
1. A month on month analysis of revenue churn would reveal that there are some
companies that are the major revenue churners every month.
2. Number of churn doesnt indicate the revenue loss to Vodafone. E.g., Tata Power may
show more number of churn than say Barclays (Ref Table above). However, in terms
of revenue, the loss from Barclays exceeds Tata Power by virtue of the larger ARPU
from Barclays.
3. Churn can also be tackled by treating important customers or high value users
differently. This would include
a) Loyalty schemes for high value users
b) Having a separate customer care for high value users.
c) Promotional campaigns that target this group specifically.
56
Suggestions
1. Database and MIS improvements Superior information gives the competitive
advantage. Hence it is essential that our database cater to the additional information that
is required today.
a) Marketing intelligence/ Competition Data - We should gain knowledge of what our
competition does in terms of not only tariffs and schemes they offer to corporates,
but also in terms of promotional activities and products, they have.
b) Customer demographics i.
Get to know certain lifestyle information about customers so that you could
offer tailored retention packages
ii.
This can be obtained whenever the customer interacts with a call center, or
when he signs up for a service. Make him fill out a small questionnaire that
will help us build this information.
57
iii.
iv.
The importance of user profiling based on mobility has also been elaborated
on white papers at Vodafone global enterprise solutions website.
http://enterprise.vodafone.com/insight_news/whitepapers/
58
Suggestions
Description
Purpose
Customer
Profiling
in
tailoring
process
tailoring
retention
programs
VAS
customer base.
Process
Improvements
Will
be
59
and
Verification
further
bill
failures/delays
Welcome
first
bill
management
ideal
and
gathering
information
frequently etc...)
Awareness
campaigns
for
or
can
increased.
encourage
online access Ids User IDs and Passwords (like most banks customer
and passwords
contracts
to
the
the
start
online
portal.
be
becomes
60
Enterprise
from
regular
center
trained
to
better.
Loyalty
Programs
Enterprise
specific
promotions
ad campaigns
position
as
Enterprise
Business
Solutions Provider
Focus on other We could study where other enterprise To provide not only
enterprise
solutions could fit into the scheme of our voice, but data and a
solutions
clients.
Proactively,
we
could
61
CUSTOMER LIFECYCLE
In customer relationship management (CRM), customer life cycle is a term used to describe
the progression of steps a customer goes through when considering, purchasing, using, and
maintaining loyalty to a product or service. In layman's terms, this means getting a potential
customer's attention, teaching them what you have to offer, turning them into a paying
customer, and then keeping them as a loyal customer whose satisfaction with the product or
service urges other customers to join the cycle. CLC focuses upon the creation of and delivery
of lifetime value to the customer i.e. looks at the products or services that customers NEED
throughout their lives. It is marketing orientated rather than product orientated. That is, the
concept is much broader. A product concept would look at a customer buying a voice
connection. A marketing concept would look at it as a customer purchasing a communication
or a mobility solution. Hence, it could be anything from a regular voice connection, a
blackberry, or a data card etc.
When you calculate the present value of the future cash flows attributed to the customer
relationship, you arrive at the Lifetime Value of a Customer. Simply put, it represents exactly
how much each customer is worth in monetary terms, and therefore exactly how much a
marketing department should be willing to spend to acquire each customer.
Customer Lifecycle Stages
This Customer Engagement Journey consists of 5 different stages:
Awareness Awareness drives engagement. The more customers are aware of your
brand and offerings, the more likely they will begin to engage with you (if they find
that the brand is interesting and engagement worthy).
Consideration This includes all the buying decisions that the customer would like to
consider before choosing a product.
How and from where does the customer get information for the products
that he needs?
62
Retention Ensuring that the customer does not churn and continue to use more
products and services.
Marketers tend to focus on the latter two stages: purchase and retention, because this is their
end-goal. However, we have to keep in mind that if we really want to engage people, not just
to persuade them to buy something, we have to include the first three stages as well.
Awareness
Awareness of the existence of a product or organization is necessary before the purchase
behavior can be expected. Once the awareness has been created in the target audience, it should
not be neglected. If there is neglect, competing messages and the level of awareness of focus
product may distract the audience or organization will decline.
Awareness needs to be created, developed, refined or sustained, according to the characteristics
of the market and the particular situation facing an organization at any one point of time.
There are many ways of going about it. The simplest way to go about is by using surveys to
measure the effectiveness of all the promotional activities. The DAGMAR (Defining
Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results) model suggests the same. It required you
to know your present state (say through surveys) and then measure your result after the
promotion. Goals should be realistic and measurable, like increasing awareness levels from
10% to 35%.
There is hence a strong need to have enterprise specific ads.
1. Vodafone as a brand is very prominent for all mobile subscribers. But where Vodafone
lacks is the awareness of Vodafones Enterprise Solutions. This was observed during
several interactions with individual clients and authorized signatories.
2. Presently, there are no promotions done on the different solutions that we offer. Apart
from promoting voice connections, there are very few promotions in the market for
blackberry and data cards and almost nil for the rest.
3. Product innovations are poor and hence we do not have the first mover advantage in
the market either. Our competitors also offer most of our products that we offer and
hence, the differentiations in the products are less.
4. Magazine and Print ads should be the preferred choice as they have many advantages
over television ads. In addition, print ads are more effective in the segment that
Enterprise solutions operate the corporate customer.
63
Consideration
Studying consideration factors or purchase decisions helps us develop a deeper understanding
of consumer behavior. It tells us when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy product.
Through this understanding, products and services can be tailored to suit different peoples
needs.
According to the survey conducted at Harvard University, the four most important factors that
are taken into consideration before buying a new mobile are 1. Tariff
2. Network
3. Service
4. Brand Image
This is also consistent with the feedback obtained at various touch points where customers
walk in to get more information on new connections. Other factors include benefits, peer
review, availability etc. Consideration factors are different for different types of customers like
Prospects, first time buyers, repeat buyers, core customers etc. Some of the ways to improve
these factors would be
1. Tariff: To have more than one tariff plan at corporates (where the customer base is
sufficiently large) so that there could more choice available for different set of people.
2. Network: Improving network coverage in other areas also. Many customers have
coverage related problems in other outer areas or when they go on roaming. Hence,
they wish to choose some other provider. This is one of the reasons observed for churn.
Inquiry
Once the customer knows that there is a product offering with a particular brand, he would like
to learn more on the offering. This is where he would get in touch with the organization through
various Touch Points (Encounters where customers and business engage to exchange
information, provide service, or handle transactions.). It is this experience here at these touch
points that push the customer to buying the product/service.
Some of the things that can be done to measure and improve customer inquiry at these touch
points
64
1. Obtain customer feedback at every touch point. Presently, it is done only at a few touch
points.
2. Event Driven surveys Get the customer to fill a short questionnaire or get his feedback to
obtain a little more information about him after an event. Some of the scenarios where this
could be done would be
a) After online bill payment, a few questions could be asked along with the thanks you
message.
b) A new set of questions (2 or 3) behind the hard bill so that when they are submitted
along with the check, this information could be obtained.
c) After his interaction at the customer service desk or at stores etc.
3. CDI (Customer Delight Index) - CDI is used to measure customer satisfaction. The
marketing team at Vodafone presently uses this for the regular consumer. The same process
can be adopted to be used for Enterprise as well.
4. Effectiveness of touch points should also be measured to know which ones do and do not
contribute to improving customer satisfaction. I have developed an Engagement Matrix that
will help us identify most of the touch point and quantitatively measure their importance
and effectiveness. All the steps have also been document in the spreadsheet. A snapshot of
the matrix is shown below.
65
Sample Study
To study the criticality of these complaints, a sample of 100 numbers who churned in March
were chosen randomly. These were mapped to the complaints they had logged in that month
and the previous month and their AON category.
Using this information, the reasons for disconnections could be traced to the complaints they
had in the past for different AON category of users. The following table summarizes the top 4
complaints.
66
Customer Engagement
Engagement is one of the most powerful emerging business principles of this century, but
historically it has been elusive, unmeasured and undisciplined. Customer engagement is the
emotional connection or attachment that a customer develops during the repeated and ongoing
interactions. Engagement accumulates through satisfaction, loyalty, influence, and excitement
about your brand. Organizations who engage consumers to the point where they are moved to
behavioral change do so by creating opportunities for emotional connections through ongoing,
consistently positive experiences.
Customer satisfaction is a nice to have, but does not result in a secure customer. Satisfied
customers may be pleased with a recent experience, but often do not have an emotional
connection with the company. This lack of an emotional connection often results in customers
with high levels of customer satisfaction switching to competitors for reasons such as a minor
cost difference or a slightly more convenient location.
On the other hand, Customer Engagement is necessary have, and the best and most successful
companies in the world use it. Four characteristics of Customer Engagement are
Retention: Engaged customers will spend more with you over their lifetime than with
your competition.
Effort: Engaged customers will actually go out of their way to do business with you even spend more to benefit from your products, service and brand.
Advocacy: Engaged customers spread the good word, making it easier and cheaper for
you to attract new customers.
Passion: Engaged customers are passionate about the brand so passionate that they
may even spend time actively promoting the brand to others or defending the brand if
others speak negatively about it.
67
Benefits of Engagement
1. Referrals
2. Frequent Purchase/ Re- purchase.
3. Provides frequent feedback
4. Cross-selling (Attempt to sell additional products to current customers, often based on
their past purchases. These products could be related or unrelated. ) and upselling
(Upselling is a sales technique whereby a salesperson induces the customer to purchase
more expensive items, upgrades, or other add-ons in an attempt to make a more
profitable sale. ) works better
5. Decrease in negative word of mouth
6. Customers stay longer with the Organization
7. Reduced Risk
The first three are the key indicators of customer engagement. Simply put, it would be adequate
to look at the number of referrals, or the number of times the customer has given a feedback or
his frequency of re-purchase to measure engagement.
Measuring Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) & Customer Engagement
Customer Lifetime Value is usually defined as the total net income a company can expect from
a customer. The exact mathematical definition and its calculation method depend on many
factors, such as whether customers are subscribers (as in most telecommunications products)
or visitors (as in direct marketing or e-business).
The Business Intelligence unit of the CRM division at Amdocs tailors analytical solutions to
business problems, which are a high priority of Amdocs customers in the communication
industry: churn and retention analysis, fraud, campaign management, credit and collection risk
management and more. LTV plays a major role in several of these applications, in particular
Churn analysis and retention campaign management. In the context of churn analysis, the LTV
of a customer or a segment is important complementary information to their churn probability,
as it gives a sense of how much is really being lost due to churn and how much effort should
be concentrated on this segment. In the context of retention campaigns, the main business issue
is the relation between the resources invested in retention and the corresponding change in LTV
of the target segments.
68
In general, there are three factors we have to determine in order to calculate LTV
1. The customers value over time: In practice, the customers future value has to be
estimated from current data, using business knowledge and analytical tools.
2. A length of service (LOS) model: describing the customers churn probability over
time.
3. A discounting factor: that describes how much each $1 gained in some future time t is
worth for us right now. This function is usually given based on business knowledge.
Each component can be calculated or estimated separately or their modeling can be combined.
At present, this sort of study cannot be carried out at Vodafone since the data available is
limited. However, I have tried to describe the approach that can be adopted to quantify the
CLV. It is also understood that Vodafone is migrating to a new version of CRM that is provided
by Amdocs. (Hence, the reference to Amdocs CRM above).
Engaged customers can be classified into three segments
1. Engaged Engaged customers report strong agreement with statements about product
satisfaction, purchase intentions, intent to recommend products/services, and high
regard for a companys products/services.
2. Disengaged These customers answer survey questions with disagreeable or
ambivalent attitude. Sometimes disengaged customers are compelled to continue
purchasing product due to some externality, but continue to damage the reputation of
the company with bad mojo.
3. Swing These customers have the potential to be swayed to the Love or Hate Group
depending on future experiences with the company. The Swing Group answered survey
questions in ways that indicated passive satisfaction without active engagement. The
Swing Group is where the action happens, where there is a great opportunity to win
loyal customers for life.
Using surveys, we could identify the percentage of customers in each category. This sort of
classification will help us in designing the engagement initiatives. Customer engagement can
be measured by using surveys. By asking customers the right questions, we can arrive at the
following information
1. Share of the wallet - How many products do you use?
69
2. Referrals In the last 12 months, did you have a delightful experience worth telling
someone about? If the answer was yes, how many people did you tell?
3. Likelihood to Churn I would continue to do business with this organization for at
least the next year
4. Frequency of feedback - depends on the how many customers gave their feedback and
how many of them have been giving feedback regularly.
Share of the wallet indicates brand loyalty, referrals helps in word of mouth marketing and
frequency of feedback helps brining in continuous improvements. Studies have shown that,
Engaged customers have a larger share of the wallet, often influence more referrals, give
regular feedback and are more likely to remain with the brand than disengaged customers are.
The above diagram shows how to use surveys as an effective tool at different stages of customer
lifecycle.
70
Here is an idea for smaller operators like Tata, Idea and Aircel to churn high-ARPU customers
away from the biggies.
Most the high-ARPU customers are with the biggies like Airtel, Vodafone etc., because these
operators were early in the game and anyone who could afford a mobile phone three years ago
should be either from a higher SEC segment or enterprise users.
Recent
introduction of dual
SIM
phones
in
the market
triggered this
idea.
71
Recommendations
1. Enterprise specific promotions to increase awareness
2. Event driven surveys as explained earlier in the report, this either online like after a
bill payment through the internet or it could be offline, like after an interaction with
personnel at a Vodafone store.
3. Verification problems and Billing disputes are problems that are more serious Treat
them with more severity.
4. Customer profiling based on engagement Engaged, disengaged and swing
5. Measure/Quantify customer engagement and CLV to be able to track and improve.
6. Watching your competitors moves Like tariff plans, promotional activities, process,
product innovations etc.
7. Payment option at service desks Service desks at corporates should include payment
option too. At present, only check payment is possible. Having multiple payment
options like payment through credit/debit card facilities would greatly help in
payments.
8. Social networking is the next level of engagement This is an emerging area today.
Social CRM through social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook etc. have become
very popular in the last few years. Companies like Nike claim to have converted 40%
of their community members into the companys shoes. Through social networking,
customers can be made aware of the latest news and product updates.
72
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:
Marketing Management - Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller
Marketing Research G.C.Beri.
Websites:
www.vodafone.in
www.vodafone.com
www.campaignindia.in/Brand/vodafone
http://www.blastradius.com/work/vodafone/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_statistics_in_India
http://www.vodafone.co.uk/about-us/selling-vodafone/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_satisfaction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutch_(Indian_cellular_company)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone
http://bora.nhh.no/bitstream/2330/1919/1/Saplitsa%202008.pdf
www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?contentId=606658
www.iimcal.ac.in/community/consclub/reports/telecom.pdf
73
APPENDICES
Questionnaire [Customer]
Dear sir/Madam,
I request to spare sometime to consider the following questionnaire. The intention of this
project is purely academic; all information provided by you will be kept strictly confidential.
Be as truthful as you can.
Thank you for your co-operation.
Yes
No
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Q.4 Are you satisfied with Vodafone compared to other Sim Cards?
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
74
Q.5 Are you satisfied with the Call Cost/Call Rates of Vodafone?
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
Highly Satisfied
Satisfied
Average
Dissatisfied
Highly Dissatisfied
75