Sample Problems With Vectors For Calculus III

(700, #9) I f a = < >
9/19/14, 7:02 PM
(701, #11) Find the angle between the vectors a = <1,2,2 > and b = < 3,4,0 >. (First find an exact
expression and then approximate to the nearest degree.)
Solution:
First,
= <1,2,2 >
Furthermore,
= 3,
< 3,4,0 > = 11

=5
Thus,
by: gm
http://www.math.ucla.edu/~ronmiech/Calculus_Problems/32A/chap11/section3/701d11/701_11.html
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(700, #9) I f a = < >
9/19/14, 7:02 PM
(701, #13) Find the angle between the vectors a = <1,2 > and b = < 12,-5 >. (First find an exact
Solution:
First of all,
Secondly,
= <1,2 >
=
< 12,-5 > = 2
= 13
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(700, #9) I f a = < >
9/19/14, 7:02 PM
(701, #15) Find the angle between the vectors a = 6i - 2j - 3k and b = i + j +k . (First find an exact
Solution:
First of all,
Secondly,
= <6,-2,-3 >
= 7,
< 1,1,1 > = 1
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #17) Find, correct to the nearest degree, the three angles
9/19/14, 7:02 PM
(701, #17) Find, correct to the nearest degree, the three angles of the triangle with the vertices A(1,2,3),
B(6,1,5), C(-1,-2,0).
Solution: First using the triangle find the vector representations of the three lines.
(Note: Triangle not drawn to scale.)
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #19) Determine whether the vectors a = < 2,-4 > and b = <-1,-2>
9/19/14, 7:03 PM
(701, #19) Determine whether the vectors a = < 2,-4 > and b = <-1,2> are orthogonal, parallel, or
neither.
Solution: They are parallel for one is a constant multiple of the other:
< 2,-4 > = -2 <-1,2>
by:gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #19) Determine whether the vectors a = < 2,-4 > and b = <-1,-2>
9/19/14, 7:03 PM
(701, #29) Find a unit vector that is orthogonal to both i + j and i + k.

Solution:
Set
Then,
Next,
Thus,
< a, b, c > = < a, -a, -a >, where a is any non-zero constant, is orthogonal to both i + j and i + k ;
Finally,
is a unit vector orthogonal to both.
Page 1 of 1
(701, #37) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a
9/19/14, 7:04 PM
(701, #37) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a when a = < 2,3 > and b = < 4,1 >.
Scalar projection:
Vector projection:
by: gm
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(701, #39) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a,
9/19/14, 7:04 PM
(701, #39) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a, when a = < 4,2,0 > and b = < 1,1,1 >.
Solution:
Scalar projection:
Vector projection:
by: gm
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(701, #41) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a
9/19/14, 7:05 PM
(701, #41) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a, when a = i + k and b = i - j .
Solution:
Scalar projection:
Vector projection:
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #43) Show that the vector
9/19/14, 7:05 PM
(701, #43) Show that the vector
is orthogonal to a. (It is called an orthogonal projection of b).

Solution: a is orthogonal to
if and only if
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #45) If a = < 3,0,-1> find a vector b such that
(701, #45) If a = < 3,0,-1> find a vector b such that
9/19/14, 7:05 PM
Solution:
There is an infinite number of solutions to this last equation. Some solutions are:
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #47) A constant force with vector representation F = 10i + 18j - 6k
9/19/14, 7:06 PM
(701, #47) A constant force with vector representation F = 10i + 18j - 6k moves an object along a
straight line from point (2,3,0) to the point (4,9,15). Find the work done if the distance is measured in
meters and the magnitude of the force is measured in newtons.
Solution:
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(701, #49) A woman exerts a horizontal force of 25lb on a crate as she
9/19/14, 7:06 PM
(701, #49) A woman exerts a horizontal force of 25lb on a crate as she pushes it up a ramp that is 10ft
long and inclined at an angle of
above the horizontal. Find the work done on the box.
Solution:
Ans:
by: gm
Page 1 of 1
(707,#3) Find the cross product a X b where
9/19/14, 7:07 PM
(707,#3) Find the cross product a x b where

Solution:
by:sh
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(708,#5) Find the cross product a x b where a = i + j + k, b = i + j - k
9/19/14, 7:07 PM
(708,#5) Find the cross product a x b where a = i + j + k, b = i + j - k

Solution:
by:sh
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(708,#7) Find the cross product a x b where a= 2i-k and b= i +2j
9/19/14, 7:07 PM
(708,#7) Find the cross product a x b where a= 2i-k and b= i +2j.

Solution:
by:sh
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(708,#9) If find a x b and b x a
(708,#9) If
9/19/14, 7:08 PM
find a x b and b x a.
Solution: First,
axb=
Second, since interchanging two rows of a determinant changes it sign,
by: sh
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(708,#11) Find two unit vectors orthogonal to both
(708,#11) Find two unit vectors orthogonal to both
9/19/14, 7:08 PM
Solution: The cross product a x b is orthogonal to both a and b
A unit vector is a vector whose length is 1.

Therefore, the unit vector is:
The second unit vector orthogonal to both <1,-1,1> and <0,4,4> would be
which is the negative of the previous vector.

by: sh
Page 1 of 1
(708,#19) Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices A(0,1)
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(708,#19) Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices A(0,1), B(3,0), C(5,-2), D(2,-1)
Solution:
Area A =
For the parallelogram with points A(0,1), B(3,0), C(5,-2), D(2,-1)
Page 1 of 2
(708,#19) Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices A(0,1)
9/19/14, 7:08 PM
by:sh
Page 2 of 2
(708,#21) A)Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points
9/19/14, 7:09 PM
(708,#21) a) Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points P(1,0,0), Q(0,2,0) , R(0,0,3).
b)Find the area of the triangle PQR.
Solution:
a) Let a and b be the vectors defined below. Then the orthogonal vector is the cross product a x b.
Therefore, the vector orthogonal to the plane is

B) We have
= area of parallelogram formed by vectors a and b.
Page 1 of 2
(708,#21) A)Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points
9/19/14, 7:09 PM
= area of the triangle formed by vectors a, b and a + b
Therefore, the area of the triangle is 7/2.

by:sh
Page 2 of 2
(708,#23) A) Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points
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(708,#23) a) Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points P (0,0,0), Q(1,-1,1), R(4,3,7).
b)Find the area of the triangle PQR.
Solution:
a) Let a and b be the vectors defined below. Then the orthogonal vector is the cross product a x b.
Therefore, the vector orthogonal to the plane is
Page 1 of 2
(708,#23) A) Find the vector orthogonal to the plane through the points
b)
9/19/14, 7:09 PM
= area of parallelogram formed by vectors a and b.
= area of the triangle formed by vectors a, b and a + b
Therefore, the area of the triangle is
by:sh
Page 2 of 2
(708,#25) Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vector
9/19/14, 7:09 PM
(708,#25) Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vectors

.
Solution:
Volume of parallelepiped V
by:sh
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(708, #27) Find the volume of the parallelepiped with adjacent edges PQ,
9/19/14, 7:16 PM
(708, #27) Find the volume of the parallelepiped with adjacent edges PQ,PR, and PS where P = (1,1,1),
Q = (2,0,3,), R = (4,1,7), S = (3,-1,-2).
Solution: The volume of a parallelepiped determined by the vectors a, b ,c (where a, b and c share the
same initial point) is the magnitude of their scalar triple product:
V
Since P = (1,1,1) is the initial point we have:
Thus the volume is 21 cubic units.

by:sh
Page 1 of 1
(708,#29) Use the scalar triple product to show that the vectors
9/19/14, 7:16 PM
(708,#29) Use the scalar triple product to show that the vectors a = 2i + 3j+ k, b = i - j, c = 7i + 3j + 2k
are coplanar, that is, they lie in the same plane.
Solution: We have: scalar triple product =
=volume of a parallelepiped
So:
Therefore the volume of the parallelepiped formed by a, b ,c is 0. This means a, b, c are coplanar.
by: sh
Page 1 of 1
(708,#31) A bicycle pedal is pushed by a foot with a 60-N force
9/19/14, 7:16 PM
(708,#31) A bicycle pedal is pushed by a foot with a 60-N force. The shaft of the pedal is 18 cm long.
Find the magnitude of the torque about P(position vector).
Solution: magnitude of torque vector is
where theta is angle between the position and force vectors.

r = 0.18 m, F= 60N,
, therefore
by:sh
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( 709, #33) (a) Let P be a point on the line L that passes through
9/19/14, 7:17 PM
( 709, #33)
(a) Let P be a point not on the line L that passes through the points Q and R. Show that the distance d
from the point P to the line L is
where
(b) Use the formula in part (a) to find the distance from the point P(1, 1, 1 )
to the line through Q ( 0, 6, 8 ) and R (-1,4,7).
Solution:
(a)
(b)
a = < -1 - 0, 4 - 6, 7 - 8 > = < -1, -2, -1 >
b = < 1 - 0, 1 - 6, 1 - 8 > = < 1, -5, -7 >
Page 1 of 2
( 709, #33) (a) Let P be a point on the line L that passes through
9/19/14, 7:17 PM
by: nl
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( 716, #1) Find the vector equation and parametric equations for the line through the point ( 3, -1, 8 ) and parallel to the vector a = < 2, 3, 5 >
9/19/14, 8:24 PM
( 716, #1) Find the vector equation and parametric equations for the line passing through the point
( 3, -1, 8 ) and parallel to the vector a = < 2, 3, 5 >.
Solution:
For the vector equation:
The parametric equations are:

x = 3 + 2t, y = -1 + 3t, z = 8 + 5t
by: nl
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( 716, #1) Find the vector equation and parametric equations for the line through the point ( 3, -1, 8 ) and parallel to the vector a = < 2, 3, 5 >
9/19/14, 8:25 PM
( 716, #3) Find the vector equation and parametric equations for the line passing through the point
( 0, 1, 2 ) and parallel to the vector a = 6i + 3j + 2k.
Solution:
For the vector equation:
The parametric equations are:

x = 6t, y = 1 + 3t, z = 2 + 2t
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 716, #5) Find parametric equations and symmetric equations for the line passing through the points ( 2, 1, 8 ) and ( 6, 0, 3 )
9/19/14, 8:25 PM
( 716, #5) Find parametric equations and symmetric equations for the line passing through the points (
2, 1, 8 ) and ( 6, 0, 3 ).
Solution:
A vector must first be calculated:
v = < 6 - 2, 0 - 1, 3 - 8 > = < 4, -1, -5 >
Either of the points can be used to find the parametric equation. Using ( 2, 1, 8 ) the parametric
equations are:
x = 2 + 4t, y = 1 - t, z = 8 - 5t
Solving for t, the symmetric equations are:
by: nl
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( 716, #7) Find parametric equations and symmetric equations for the line passing through the points ( 3, 1, -1 ) and ( 3, 2, -6 )
9/19/14, 8:25 PM
( 716, #7) Find parametric equations and symmetric equations for the line passing through the points
( 3, 1, -1 ) and ( 3, 2, -6 ).
Solution:
A vector must be found first:
v = < 3 - 3, 2 - 1, -6 - ( -1) > = < 0, 1, -5 >
Either of the points can be used to find the parametric equations. Using ( 3, 1, -1) the parametric
equations are:
x = 3, y = 1 + t, z = -1 -5t
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
(716, #13) (a) Find symmetric equations for the line that passes through to the line with parametric equations x = 1+ 2t, y = 3t, and z = 5 - 7t
9/19/14, 8:26 PM
(716, #13) (a) Find symmetric equations for the line that passes through the point ( 0, 2, -1 ) and is
parallel to the line with parametric equations x = 1+ 2t, y = 3t, and z=5-7t.
(b) Find the points in which the required line in part (a) intersects the coordinate planes.
Solution:
(a) The parametric equations for the parallel line through the point ( 0, 2, -1) would be :
x = 0 + 2t, y = 2 + 3t, z = -1 -7t
(b) The xy-plane intercept is where z = 0. Thus:
The yz-plane intercept is where x = 0. Thus:
The xz-plane intercept is where y = 0. Thus :
The line intersects the coordinate planes at the points
by: nl
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Math 32A: Solution to Pg. 717, Problem 19 in Stewart
9/19/14, 8:26 PM
pg. 717, #19 (routine)

Find an equation of the plane through the point (1,4,5) with the normal n = <7,1,4>.
Solution:
Use the normal form of the equation of the plane:
This simplifies to 7x + y + 4z = 31.
Page 1 of 1
(716, #21) Find an equation of the plane through the point ( 1, 2, 3 ) and with the normal vector n = 15i + 9j - 12k
9/19/14, 8:27 PM
(716, #21) Find an equation of the plane through the point ( 1, 2, 3 ) and with the normal vector
n = 15i + 9j - 12k.
Solution: The general equation of the plane
is in this particular case:
or
15( x - 1) + 9( y - 2) - 12(z - 3) = 0
or
15x + 9y - 12z = -3
or
5x + 3y - 4z = -1
by: nl
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(717, #23) Find an equation of the plane passing through the point
9/19/14, 8:27 PM
(717, #23) Find an equation of the plane passing through the point ( 6, 5, -2) and parallel
to the plane x + y -z + 1 = 0.
Solution:
The normal vector for the plane is < 1, 1, -1 >. The general equation for a plane is:
or
=0
or
1( x - 6) + 1( y - 5 ) - 1( z + 2 ) = 0
or
x + y - z = 13
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
(717, #23) Find an equation of the plane passing through the point ( 6, 5, -2) and parallel to the plane x + y -z + 1 = 0
9/19/14, 8:27 PM
(717, #25) Find an equation of the plane passing through the point ( -1, 3, -8) and parallel to the plane
3x - 4y -6z = 9.
Solution:
The normal vector for the plane is < 3, -4, -6 >. The general equation of a plane is:
or
or
3( x + 1 ) - 4( y - 3 ) - 6(z + 8 ) = 0
or
3x - 4y - 6z = 33
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
9/19/14, 8:27 PM
pg. 717, #27 (moderate)

Find the equation of the plane passing through (0,0,0), (1,1,1) and (1,2,3).
Solution:
Let v be the vector from (0,0,0) to (1,1,1): v = <1,1,1>. Let w be the vector from (0,0,0) to (1,2,3);
w = <1,2,3>. The normal n to the plane is the cross product of v and w. Then
Since the plane goes through (0,0,0) the normal from for the equation of the plane is
As a check, you should verify that (1,1,1) and (1,2,3) satisfy this equation. They do:
Page 1 of 1
9/19/14, 8:28 PM
pg. 717, #29 (moderate)

Find the equation of the plane passing through (1,0,-3), (0,-2,-4) and (4,1,6).
Solution:
Let v be the vector from (1,0,-3) to (0,-2,-4); v = <-1,-2,-1>. Let w be the vector from
(1,0,-3) to (4,1,6); w = <3,1,9>. Then desired normal is
Multiplying this normal by -1, the equation of the plane is
This reduces to 17x -6y -5z = 32. Check your work by verifying that (0,-2,-4) and (4,1,6) are on this
plane. They are:
Page 1 of 1
(717, #31) Find an equation of the plane that passes through the point ( 1, 6, -4 ) and contains the line x = 1 + 2t, y = 2 - 3t, z = 3 - t
9/19/14, 8:28 PM
(717, #31) Find an equation of the plane that passes through the point ( 1, 6, -4 ) and contains the line
x = 1 + 2t, y = 2 - 3t, z = 3 - t.
Solution:
The points ( 1, 6, -4 ) and ( 1, 2, 3 ) are on the plane. Setting t = 1, we get another point ( 3, -1, 2 ) which
is also on the plane.
Let a be the vector from ( 3, -1, 2 ) to ( 1, 2, 3 ); a = < -2, 3, 1 >
Let b be the vector from ( 3, -1, 2 ) to ( 1, 6, -4 ); b = < -2, 7, -6 >
The normal of the two vectors is:
The general equation of a plane is:
or
or
-25( x - 1 ) - 14( y - 6 ) -8( z + 4 ) = 0
or
-25x - 14y -8z = -77
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 717, #35 ) Find the point at which the line x = 1 + t, y = 2t, z = 3t, intersects the plane x + y + z = 1
9/19/14, 8:29 PM
( 717, #35 ) Find the point at which the line x = 1 + t, y = 2t, z = 3t, intersects the plane x + y + z = 1.
Solution:
The value t can be solved for by replacing the values of x, y and z in the planar equation with the linear
equations.
( 1 + t ) + ( 2t ) + ( 3t ) = 1
6t = 0
t=0
The point where the plane and line intersect can be computed by using t = 0:
x = 1 + 0 = 1, y = 2*0 = 0, z = 3*0 = 0
The point is ( 1, 0, 0 ).
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 717, #35 ) Find the point at which the line x = 1 + 2t, y = -1, z = t, intersects the plane 2x + y - z + 5 = 0.
9/19/14, 8:29 PM
( 717, #37 ) Find the point at which the line x = 1 + 2t, y = -1, z = t, intersects the plane 2x + y - z + 5 = 0.
Solution:
The value t can be solved for by replacing the values of x, y and z in the planar equation with the linear
equations.
2( 1 + 2t ) + ( -1 ) - ( t ) + 5 = 0
3t = -6
t = -2
The point where the plane and line intersect can be computed by using t = -2:
x = 1 + 2*( -2 ) = -3, y = -1, z = -2
The point is ( -3, -1, -2 ).
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 717, #57 ) Find parametric equations for the line through the point
9/19/14, 8:30 PM
( 717, #57 ) Find parametric equations for the line through the point ( 0, 1, 2 ) that is parallel to the
plane x + y + z = 2 and perpendicular to the line x = 1 + t, y = 1 - t, z = 2t.
Solution: The parallel line through the point has the vector equation L = < 0, 1, 2 > + t < a, b, c >, and
we have to determine a, b, and c.
( 1 ) L is parallel to the plane x + y + z = 2
L is perpendicular to n = < 1, 1, 1 >, the normal to the plane.
L and n are perpendicular
Thus a + b + c = 0.
( 2 ) L and the line < 1, 1, 0 > + t < 1, -1, 2 > are perpendicular
Thus a - b + 2c = 0
We have two equations with three variables:
a + b = -c
a - b = -2c
Solving for a and b in terms of c :
2a = -3c
2b = c
a = -3c/2
b = c/2
Take c = -2. Then < a, b, c > = < 3, -1, -2 >

Thus the vector equation of the line is : L = < 0, 1, 2 > + t < 3, -1, -2 > and the parametric equations are:
x = 3t, y = 1 - t, z = 2 - 2t
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 717, #59 ) Which of the following four planes are parallel
9/19/14, 8:30 PM
( 717, #59 ) Which of the following four planes are parallel? Are any of them identical?
Solution: The planes
are parallel if and only if

< a, b, c > = k < A, B, C >
for some constant k.
The planes are identical if and only if the planes are parallel and
d = k*D .
The two planes
are parallel because they are proportional to each other by the constant
k = -3/2.
The two planes
are parallel because they are proportional to each other by the constant k
= 2. The planes are also identical because their 'd' values are also proportional by the constant
k = 2.
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 718, #61) Use the formula to find the distance from the point
( 718, #61) Use the formula
9/19/14, 8:30 PM
to find the distance from the point ( 1, 2, 3 )
to the line x = 2 + t, y = 2 - 3t, z = 5t.

Solution: Using the values t = 0 and t = 1, the two points Q( 2, 2, 0 ) and R( 3, -1, 5) can be computed
that lie on the line.
Let a be the vector from Q to R:

a = < 3 - 2, -1 - 2, 5 - 0 > = < 1, -3, 5 >
Let b be the vector from Q to P:
b = < 1 - 2, 2 - 2, 3 - 0 > = < -1, 0, 3 >
The cross product of a and b is:
The distance is:
by: nl
Page 1 of 2
( 718, #61) Use the formula to find the distance from the point
9/19/14, 8:30 PM
Page 2 of 2
( 718, #63) Find the distance from the point ( 2, 8, 5 ) to the plane
9/19/14, 8:31 PM
( 718, #63) Find the distance from the point ( 2, 8, 5 ) to the plane x - 2y - 2z = 1.
Solution: Using the equation
, the distance is :
by: nl
Page 1 of 1
( 718, #65 ) Find the distance between the parallel planes
9/19/14, 8:31 PM
( 718, #65 ) Find the distance between the parallel planes z = x + 2y + 1 and 3x + 6y - 3z = 4.
Solution: A point must be found that lies on one of the planes. When y = x = 0 in the plane z = x + 2y +
1, there exists the point ( 0, 0, 1 ). To find the distance between the planes we can now use the equation
for the distance between a point and a plane.
by: nl
Page 1 of 1

Sample Problems With Vectors For Calculus III

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Sample Problems With Vectors For Calculus III

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(700, #9) I f a = < >

< 3,4,0 > = 11

(700, #9) I f a = < >

< 12,-5 > = 2

(700, #9) I f a = < >

< 1,1,1 > = 1

(701, #29) Find a unit vector that is orthogonal to both i + j and i + k.

is a unit vector orthogonal to both.

(701, #37) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a

(701, #39) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a,

(701, #41) Find the scalar and vector projections of b onto a

(701, #43) Show that the vector

(701, #43) Show that the vector

is orthogonal to a. (It is called an orthogonal projection of b).

(701, #45) If a = < 3,0,-1> find a vector b such that

(701, #45) If a = < 3,0,-1> find a vector b such that

(701, #47) A constant force with vector representation F = 10i + 18j - 6k

(701, #49) A woman exerts a horizontal force of 25lb on a crate as she

above the horizontal. Find the work done on the box.

(707,#3) Find the cross product a X b where

(707,#3) Find the cross product a x b where

(708,#5) Find the cross product a x b where a = i + j + k, b = i + j - k

(708,#5) Find the cross product a x b where a = i + j + k, b = i + j - k

(708,#7) Find the cross product a x b where a= 2i-k and b= i +2j

(708,#7) Find the cross product a x b where a= 2i-k and b= i +2j.

(708,#9) If find a x b and b x a

Second, since interchanging two rows of a determinant changes it sign,

(708,#11) Find two unit vectors orthogonal to both

(708,#11) Find two unit vectors orthogonal to both

Solution: The cross product a x b is orthogonal to both a and b

A unit vector is a vector whose length is 1.

which is the negative of the previous vector.

(708,#19) Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices A(0,1)

(708,#19) Find the area of the parallelogram with vertices A(0,1)

Therefore, the vector orthogonal to the plane is

= area of the triangle formed by vectors a, b and a + b

Therefore, the area of the triangle is 7/2.

Therefore, the vector orthogonal to the plane is

= area of parallelogram formed by vectors a and b.

= area of the triangle formed by vectors a, b and a + b

Therefore, the area of the triangle is

(708,#25) Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vector

(708,#25) Find the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vectors

Thus the volume is 21 cubic units.

(708,#31) A bicycle pedal is pushed by a foot with a 60-N force

Solution: magnitude of torque vector is

where theta is angle between the position and force vectors.

The parametric equations are:

The parametric equations are:

(b) The xy-plane intercept is where z = 0. Thus:

The yz-plane intercept is where x = 0. Thus:

The xz-plane intercept is where y = 0. Thus :

The line intersects the coordinate planes at the points

Math 32A: Solution to Pg. 717, Problem 19 in Stewart

pg. 717, #19 (routine)

This simplifies to 7x + y + 4z = 31.

is in this particular case:

Math 32A: Solution to Pg. 717, Problem 27 in Stewart

pg. 717, #27 (moderate)

Math 32A: Solution to Pg. 717, Problem 29 in Stewart

pg. 717, #29 (moderate)

Multiplying this normal by -1, the equation of the plane is