O Clculo com Geometria Analtica - Vol I - 3 Edio

Louis Leithold

Captulo V
Integrao e a integral definida
Exerccios 5.2
Algumas tcnicas de antidiferenciao
Resolvido por Nelson Poerschke
Nos exerccios de 1 a 52, efetue a antidiferenciao.
01.

14 y dy
1
2

1
14 y dy (14 y) dy 4 ( 14 y ) 2 (4dy )=

1 2
1
( 14 y ) 2 + C= ( 14 y ) 2 +C

4 3
6
2.

3 3 x4 dx
1
3

1
3 x4 dx (3 x4) dx 3 ( 3 x4 ) 3 ( 3dx )=
3

1 3
1
( 3 x4 ) 3 + C= ( 3 x4 ) 3 +C

3 4
4
3.

3 62x dx
1
3

1
62x dx (62 x) dx 2 ( 62 x ) 3 (2dx )=
3

1 3
3
(62 x ) 3 + C= ( 62x ) 3 +C

2 4
8

4.

5r+1dr
1
2

1
5r+1dr (5r+1) dr 5 (5r+1 )2 ( 5dr )=

1 2
2
( 5r+1 ) 2 + C= ( 5r+1 ) 2 +C

5 3
15
5.

x x29dx
1

1
2

1
x x 9dx x(x 9) dx 2 ( x2 9 ) 2 ( 2x dx )=
2

1 2 2 2
( x 9 ) + C= 1 ( x2 9 ) 2 +C

2 3
3
6.

3 x 4x2 dx
1

3 x 4x2 dx4x 2=udu=2 x dx; x dx= 2 du

1
2 2

7.

1
2

( )( )

x2 (x31)10 dx
10
1
x2 (x31)10 dx 3 ( x31 ) ( 3x2 dx )=

8.

11
1 1 3 11
( x 1 ) + C= 1 ( x 31 ) +C
3 11
33

x(2 x +1) dx
1

u du= 32 23 u 2 +C=(4 x2 )2 +C

( )

3 x(4x ) dx3 12

x(2 x2 +1)6 dx 4 (2x2 +1)6 ( 4 xdx )=


9.

7
1 1 2 7
( 2 x +1 ) + C= 1 ( 2x 2 +1 ) +C
4 7
28

5 x 3 (94 x2)2 dx
2
2 3

2 2

2
2 3

( ) ( 94 x ) (8 xdx)

1
5 x (94 x ) dx 5x ( 94 x ) dx5 8
3

5 3
( 94 x2 ) 3 +C= 3 ( 94 x 2 ) 3 +C

8 5
8
10.

xdx

(x 2 +1)3
xdx
1 2 3
2
3

x(x
+1)
dx
(x 2 +1)3
( x +1 ) ( 2x dx )=
2

11.

2
1 1 2 2
( x +1 ) +C= 1 ( x2 +1 ) +C= 1
+C
2
2
2 2
4
(
)
4 x +1

y dy
(12
y 4)5
3

y dy
1
3
4 5
4 5
3
y (12 y ) dy ( 12 y ) (8 y dy ) =
(12
4 5
8
y)

4
4
1 1
1
( 12 y 4 ) + C= 1 ( 12 y 4 ) +C=
+C
4 4
8 4
32
(
)
32 12 y

12.

sds

3 s2 +1

sds

1
2
3s
+1=udu=6
sds
sds=
du
2
6
3 s +1

1
du
1
1
1
sds
6
1
1 2
1 2
1
2
2 u = 6 u du= 6 2 u +C= 3 u +C= 3 3 s2 +1+C
3 s +1

( )

13.

4
3

(x 4 x+4) dx
2

4
3

4
2 3

8
3

(x 4 x+4) dx [ ( x2) ] dx ( x2 ) dx=

2

11

3
(x2) 3 +C
11
14.

x4 3x55 dx

1
1 2
x 3x 5 dx 15 ( 3x 55 ) 2 ( 15 x 4 dx )= 15 3 ( 3 x5 5 ) 2 +C=
4

2
( 3 x 55 ) 2 +C
45
15.

x x+2dx
x x+2dx x+2=udu=dx x=u2
1
2

3
2

1
2

x x+2dx ( u2 ) udu ( u2) u du u 2u du=

5

( )

2
2
2
4
2
4
u 2 2 u 2 +C= u 2 u 2 +C= (x+2)2 (x+2)2 +C
5
3
5
3
5
3

16.

t dt

t+3
t dt

t+3 t+3=udu=dt t=u3

1

( u3 ) du
dt

( u3 ) u 2 du u 2 3u 2 du=
tt+3

u
3

( )

2
2
2
u 2 3 2u 2 +C= u 2 6u 2 +C= (t+3)2 6(t+3)2 +C
3
3
3
17.

2r dr

(1r)7
2r dr

(1r)7 u=1r du=dr r=1u

7

2 u

2 r dr
7
7
2 ( 1u ) ( u ) (du) ( 22 u ) ( u ) (du)
(1r)
7

2
18.

1 6
1 5
1
2
1
2
u +2
u +C= u6 u5 +C= (1r)6 (1r)5 +C
6
5
3
5
3
5

( ) ( )
2 12

x (2x )

12

x3 (2x2 )12 x2 ( 2x2 )

2x dx=du xdx=

1
du
2
u

x 2 ( 2x 2 )

12

( xdx ) u=2x 2 x 2=2u

12

+1 13
u )du=
2

( x dx ) ( 2u ) (u )12

1
du
2

1 13 1 14
1
2 14 1
2 13
u + u +C= ( 2x ) ( 2x ) +C
13
28
28
13
19.

32x x2 dx
1

32x x2 dxu=32 x x= 2 (3u)

du=2dx dx=

1
du
2
1
2

32 x x dx u . 14 ( 3u )2 12 du 18 u 2 ( 96u+u2 ) du
2

( )

[( ) ( ) ]
3

1
1 2 2
2
2
9u 2 6 u 2 +u 2 du=
9 u 6 u 2 + u 2 + C

8
8
3
5
7
3

1
12
2
3
3
1
6u 2 u 2 + u 2 +C= u 2 + u 2 + u 2 +C=
8
5
7
4
10
28
7
2

32 x +C
3
5
3
3
1
2
(32 x ) + (32 x) 2 +
4
10
28
20.

1
4 5

(x +3) x dx
3

x
3

1
4

(x +3) ( 3)(x dx ) u=x +3

(x +3)
3

1
4

x 5 dx

1
3
2
2
x =u33 x dx=du x dx= du
3

x
1
4

1
4

(x +3) ( 3)(x dx) u ( u3 )

(x +3)
3

5
4

1
4

1
4

( 13 du)

x5 dx
5

( )

1
1
1 4 4 4 4
u 3u du u 4 u 4 du=
u u +C
3
3
3 9
5
9

4
4
(x 3 +3) 4 (x 3+3)4 +C
27
5

21.

cos 4d
1

cos 4 d 4 cos4 (4 d)= 4 sen 4+C

22.

sen 3 xdx
sen 13 xdx 3 sen 13 x( 13 dx )=3 (cos 13 x )+C=3cos 13 x+C

23.

6 x2 sen x3 dx
3 x 2 dx
sen x 3 ()=2 cos x 3 +C
6 x 2 sen x 3 dx 2

24.

2 t cos 4t 2 dt
1

2 t cos 4t 2 dt u=4 t2 du=8t dt t dt= 8 du

12 t cos 4t 2 ( t dt ) 12 cosu ( 18 du ) 161 cos udu=

25.

1
1
2
senu+C= sen 4t +C
16
16

sec2 5 x dx
1

sec2 5 x dx 5 sec2 5 x(5dx)= 5 tg5 x+C

26.

cosec 2 2d

cosec 2 2 d 2 cosec2 2 (2d)= 2

27.

cotg2+C

y cosec 3 y2 cotg3 y2 dy
6 y dy
1
cosec3 y 2 +C
6
y cosec3 y 2 cotg3 y 2 dy 16

cosec 3 y 2 cotg 3 y 2 ()=

28.

2 3

r sec r dr
1

r2 sec2 r3 dru=r3 du=3r2 drr2 dr= 3 du

sec2 r3 (r2 dr) sec2 r3 (r 2 dr) sec 2 u ( 13 du )
1

3 sec2 udu= 3 tgu+C= 3 tgr3 +C

29.

5
cos
x(2+sen
x)
dx

cos x(2+sen x)5 dxu=2+sen xdu=cos x dx

1

cos x(2+sex x)5 dx u 5 du= 6 u 6+C= 6 (2+sen x)6 +C

30.

4sen x dx

( 1+cos x )2
x
1+cos

x
1+cos

+C=

4 sen x dx
=4

2
( 1+cos x )

31.

4
+C
1+cos x

1+

1 dx
3 x x2

1+

1 dx
1
1
dx
u=1+

du=
dx

=3d u
3 x x2
3x
3 x2
x2
1

3
2

1 32
2u +C=2 1+
+C
3x
32.

( )

1 dx
2
1+
= u3du=3 udu=3 u 2 du=3 u 2 +C=
2
3x x
3

1 dt
1
t t2

( )

33.

1 dt
1
1
dt
1 2 u= 1 du= 2 dt 2 =du
t t
t
t
t
1

1 dt
2
2 1 2
1 2 u (du ) u 2 d u= u 2 +C=
1 +C
t t
3
3 t

( )

2sen x 3 1+cos xdx

2sen x 3 1+cos xdx u=1+cos xdu=sen x d x
x
1+cos

1
3

1
3

( )

(1+cos x) 2 sen x dx =2 (u) du=2 34 u 3 +C= 3

2
34.

sen2x 2cos2 xdx

sen2x 2cos2 xdx
1

1
1 2
1
( 2cos2 x ) 2 ( 2sen2 xdx ) = . (2cos2 x)2 +C= (2cos2 x)2 +C

2
2 3
3
35.

cos2 t sent dt
cos2 t sent dt u=cost du=sent
1

cos2 t sent dt u2 du= 3 u3 +C= 3 cos3 t +C

36.

sen3 cosd
sen3 cosdu=sendu=cos
1

sen3 cos d u3 du= 4 u4 +C= 4 sen4 +C

37.

(tg2 x+cotg2 x)2 dx

2

tg
( 2 x +2+cotg2 2 x )dx=
(tg2 x+cotg2 x)2 dx=
2

sec 2 x
2
sec 2 x

2
[(1)+2+(cosec 2 x1)]d x=

1
1
tg2 x cotg2 x+C
2
2
39.

cos 3x

12sen3 x dx
cos 3x

12sen3 x dxu=1sen3x du=6cos3 x dx

1

( )

cos 3x
1
1
1
dx= u 2 du= 2u 2 +C= 12sen3 x+C
12sen3
6
6
3
x
40.

sec2 3 t
t dt
1

sec 3t t dt u=3 t du= 32 t 2 dtt = 23 du

sec3t t dt= se c2 u 23 du = 23 tgu+C= 23 tg 3 t +C

41.

( )

(x 2+2 x)dx

x 3 +3 x 2+1

(x 2+2 x)dx

x 3 +3 x 2+1

u=x 3+3 x 2 +1 du=3 x2 +6 x d x

d u=3 ( x 2 +2x ) d x
( x 2+2 x ) dx

1
2

1
3 2 ( x +3 x +1 ) 3 ( x +2 x ) dx 3 u 2 du
x +3 x +1
3

( )

1 2
2
2
2
2u +C= u 2 +C= (x 3+3 x 2 +1)2 +C= x 3+3x 2 +1+C
3
3
3
3
42.

x ( x2 +1 ) 42 x2x4 dx
x ( x2 +1) 42 x2x4 dxu=42x2x4 du=4 x4 x3 d x
du=4 x ( x2 +1 ) d x
1

( )

1
1 2
1
42 x x [ x ( x +1 ) ]dx= 4 u 2 du= 4 3 u 2 +C= 6 (42 x 2x 4 )2 +C
2

43.

x ( 3 x 2 +1 ) dx
(3 x 4 +2 x 2+1)2
x ( 3 x 2 +1 ) dx
(3 x 4 +2 x 2+1)2 u=3 x 4 +2 x2 +1du=12 x 3+4 x=4 x(x 2+1)
2

x ( 3 x +1 ) dx
(3 x 4 +2 x 2+1)2 = (3 x 4 +2 x 2+1)2 du= 14 u2 du= 14 ( u1 ) +C

1 4 2 1
1
(3 x +2x +1) +C= 4 2 +C
4
3 x +2x +1
53. Calcule

(2x+1)3 dx

a) expandindo

por dois mtodos:

(2x+1)3

pelo teorema do binmio.

(2x+1)3 dx= ( 8 x3 +12 x2+6 x+1 ) dx=2 x4 +4 x3 +3 x2 +x+C 1

b) tomando

u=2 x+1

(2x+1)3 dx du=2 x
(2x+1)3 dx= 12 u3 du= 12 ( 14 u 4)+C= 18 u 4 +C= 18 (2x+1)4 +C
1
1
4
3
2
4
3
2
( 16 x +32 x +24 x +8 x+1 ) +C=2 x +4 x +3 x +x+ +C2
8
8
c) Explique a diferena entre as respostas a) e b).
No h diferena a medida que

54. Calcule

por dois mtodos:

x(x2+2)2 dx

a) expandindo

1
C1 = +C 2
8

(x +2)

e multiplicando por

x
( 5+4 x +4 x )dx=
2
x (x +2)2 dx x ( x 4 +4 x 2+4 ) dx
3

1
x 6+ x 4 +2x 2 +C 1
6
b) tomando

u=x +2

x(x2+2)2 dxu=x2 +2du=2 x

x(x 2+2)2 dx= 12 u2 du= 12 ( 13 u3 )+C= 16 (x 2 +2)3 +C 2
1 6 4 2
1 6 4 2 4
( x +x +2 x +8 )= x +x +2 x + +C2
6
6
3
No h diferena a medida que

4
C1 = +C2
3

59. A funo custo marginal para um determinado artigo dada por

geral for $ 10, ache a funo custo total.

1
2

'

C ( x ) =3(5 x+4) .

Se o custo

A funo custo marginal a derivada da funo do custo total, ento:

1
2

C ( x )= 3(5 x+4) duu=5 x+4du=5d x

1
2

( )

1
3
6
C ( x )= 3(5 x+4) du= .3 u 2 du= 2u 2 +K = ( 5 x+4 ) 2 +K
5
5
5
Como

C ( 0 ) =10,

1
2

6
12 38
10= +K K=10 =
5
5 5

Ento, a funo custo total

.

6
38
C ( x )= (5 x+4) 2 +
5
5

ou

60. Para uma certa mercadoria, a funo custo marginal dada por
geral for 0, determine a funo custo total.

C ( x )=3 2 x+4.

A funo custo marginal a derivada da funo do custo total, ento:

C ( x )= 3 2x+4 u=2x+4du=2d x
1

( )

1
3 2
3 2x+4= 2 .3 u 2 du= 2 3 u 2 +K=u 2 +K =(2 x+4)2 +K
Como

C(0)=0

3
2

0=(2 x+4) +K K =8

Ento, a funo custo total ;

3
2

C ( x )=(2x+4) 8

C ( x )=

6
38
5 x+4+
5
5
Se o custo

61. Se

unidades forem demandadas quando

envolvendo

marginal dada por

for o preo unitrio, ache uma equao

(a equao de demanda) de uma mercadoria para a qual a funo rendimento

2 .

R ( x )=4+10 ( x+5 )
2

R ( x )=4+10 ( x+5 ) R ( x )= 4+10 ( x+5 ) d x

4 dx+10 (x+5) dx=4 x+10 [( x+5 ) ]=4 x
2

Como

10
+C
x+5

10
0=0 +C C=2
5

R(0)=0

Se x unidades forem demandadas quando p unidades monetrias for o preo unitrio, ento

px=R ( x ) .
Assim,

Logo,

px=4 x

10
+2
x+5

p(x+5)=4 x+22

px ( x+5 )=4 x 2+20 x102 x+10=4 x 2 +22 x