IEC 61850 - Introduction

Christoph Brunner

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Content
{ IEC 61850 Communication networks
and systems for substations
{ Introduction to IEC 61850
{ IEC 61850 beyond the substation
{ Edition 2 of IEC 61850

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Substation control and protection

Control Center

HMI

RTU

Interlocking
logic

Hardwired with parallel Cu wires

Relay
X1

Conventional
Switchgear

Relay
X2

Conventional
CT / VT's

Relay
X1

Conventional
Switchgear

Relay
X2

Conventional
CT / VT's
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Substation control and protection

HMI, Station
controller

Control Center
Gateway

Vendor specific protocols like LON, MVB,

SPA, Profibus, FIP, DNP3.0, Modbus etc

Serial communication

Bay
Controller

Relay
X1

Relay
X2

Bay
Controller

Relay
X1

Relay
X2

Hardwired with parallel Cu wires

Conventional
Switchgear

Conventional
CT / VT's

Conventional
Switchgear

Conventional
CT / VT's
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Substation control and protection

HMI, Station
controller

Control Center
Router

Serial communication
Bay
Controller

Relay
X1

Relay
X2

Bay
Controller

Relay
X1

Relay
X2

Serial communication
Intelligent
Switchgear

Non
conventional
CT/VT

Intelligent
Switchgear

Non
conventional
CT/VT

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New standards emerge

IEEE TR 1550:1999

IEC 61850, Ed 2 2009/2010

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UCA & 61850 for Dummies. Douglas Proudfoot

The Objectives
{ Communication standard
z meet functional and performance
requirements
z supporting future technological developments

{ Consensus between IED manufacturers

and users
z devices can freely exchange information

{ Define communication requirements for

application functions
z amount of data to be exchanged,
z exchange time constraints, ..
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The Objectives
{ To the maximum possible extent, make
use of existing standards and commonly
accepted communication principles
{ Define information
z Must support the functions of the substation
z Neither to standardise (nor limit in any way)
the functions involved in substation operation
nor their allocation within the SA System

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The Objectives
{ The standard should ensure, among
others, the following features
z Based on existing communication standards
z Open protocols will support self descriptive
devices
z Able to add a new functionality
z Based on data objects related to the electric
power industry.
z SAS being one element in the overall power
control system

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IEC 61850 Original scope

Remote Control (NCC)

Technical Services

Station Level Equipment

Bay Control

CT/VT

Switchgear

Protection

CT/VT

Protection

Switchgear
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The goal of the IEC 61850 standard

{ Interoperability
z Exchange information between IEDs (Intelligent
Electronic Device) from several manufacturers
z Use this information for the own function

{ Free Configuration
z Free allocation of functions to devices
z Support any philosophy of our customer centralized
or decentralized systems

{ Long Term Stability

z Future proof
z Follow progress in mainstream communication
technology
z Follow evolving system requirements needed by our
customers
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Application data and communication

Information
Models

Logical Nodes and Data

Information
Exchange

Service Interface (Abstract)

Communication
Protocols

(IEC 61850-7-4 / -7-3)

(IEC 61850-7-2)

Mapping to e.g. MMS and

TCP/IP/Ethernet
(IEC 61850-8-1 / -9-2)

Data

TCP/IP Network
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The Contents of IEC 61850, Ed 1

System Aspects
Part 1: Introduction and
Overview
Part 2: Glossary
Part 3: General Requirements
Part 4: System and Project
Management
Part 5: Comm Requirements
for Functions and
Device Models
Configuration
Part 6: Configuration Language for electrical
Substation IEDs
Testing
Part 10: Conform. Testing

Data Models
Basic Communication Structure for
Substations and Feeder Equipment
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes and
Data Classes
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Abstract Comm. Services
Basic Communication Structure for
Substations and Feeder Equipment
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services (ACSI)
Part 7-1: Principles and Models
Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM)
Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and ISO/IEC 8802-3
Part 9-1: Sampled Values over Serial Unidirectional
Multidrop Point-to-Point link
Part 9-2: Sampled Values over ISO/IEC 8802-3

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Data model and information exchange

Has a DATA
MODEL that can
be accessed
Request
Request

IED
Response
Response

Intelligent
Electronic
Device

The WHAT to
exchange
(IEC 61850-74 and 618507-3)

Event
Event

The HOW to exchange (IEC

61850-7-2)
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The IED Intelligent electronic device

QE3

Bay Controller

QC1
QE2

Main 1
Protection

Main 2
Protection

QA1
Meter

QE1
T1
QB1

An IED is a physical device that

implements a part of the
substation automation
functionality

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Logical nodes represent core functions

SIMG

SIMG

XSWI

XSWI

TVTR

SIMG
TCTR

A logical node is a
container for
function related data

MMXU
XCBR

Primary technology

PTOC

CSWI

PDIS

CSWI

Secondary
technology
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Example: LN XCBR (extract)

Common LN
Information

Controls values

Status
information

XCBR
Data Name
Mode
EEHealth
EEName
OpCnt

Type
INC
INS
DPL
INS

Pos
BlkOpn
BlkCls
ChaMotEna

DPC
SPC
SPC
SPC

Explanation
enable / disable
ok / warning / alarm
Name plate
operation counter
Position (control / status)
Block opening
Block closing
Charger motor enabled

CBOpCap INS op. capability (o-c...)

POWCap
INS point on wave capability
MaxOpCap INS maximal op. capability

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Example: CDC measured value (MV)

Measured
values

MV = Measured Value
Data Attr
Type
instMag
AnalogValue
mag
AnalogValue
range
ENUMERATED
q
Quality
t
TimeStamp

db
Configuration and
zeroDb
description
sVC
rangeC
d
Substitution

subEna
subMag
subQ
subID

INT32U
INT32U
ScaledValueConfig
RangeConfig
Visible String255
BOOLEAN
AnalogValue
Quality
Visible String64
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The configuration description

{ Formal configuration description language
z Based on modern internet technologies
z A set of standardized files that can be
exchanged between tools

System
Specification

Substation
Configuration
Description

Device
Device
Capability
Capability

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IEC 61850 communication

{ Uses the strengths of the OSI 7 layer
communication model
{ Station bus
z Communication between IED and master stations
z Data sent event driven from IED to master (Buffered or
un-buffered)
z Inter IED data exchange through multi-cast GOOSE
messages

{ Process bus
z Communication between plant equipment and IEDs
(switchgear, Instrument transformers)
z Event driven or GOOSE as with station bus
z Exchange of sampled values

{ Bus separation is becoming less distinct

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Communication concepts
Physical Device

Physical Device

ACSI Client
reports

Client / Server communication

Application of client
server communication
{ typical SCADA
application like
control of switchgear
or transmission of
events (Reporting)
{ Store and retrieve
sequence of events
(log)
{ Transfer of files (i.e.
Comtrade files)

ACSI Server
Data
Data

req / rsp

Application

Data

Physical Device
req / rsp

ACSI Server
Data
Data
Data

Application

Application

Physical Device
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Communication concepts
Physical Device

Publisher-subscriber
communication;
time critical

Physical Device
Publisher

ACSI Client

ACSI Server
Data
Data

Applications of publishersubscriber" communication

{ tripping of circuit breakers;
interlocking - short
information that needs to be
transmitted with a low
probability of loss within a few
milliseconds
{ transmission of sampled
values from instrumental
transformers: high amount of
data, to be transmitted within
a few milliseconds, loss of
data needs to be detected

Data

Application

Physical Device
ACSI Server
Data

GOOSE Message
Sampled Values

Data
Data

multicast
Application

Application

Physical Device

Subscriber
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From application to communication

Application
Objects
Services

Substation Application;
long term stable
(IEC 61850-7-3 and 7-4)
Abstract interface
(IEC 61850-7-2)

Mapping

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

IEC 61850-8-1, -9-1, -9-2

Stack interface

State-of-art communication
technology; fast changing

ISO/OSI
seven layer stack

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Communication protocols
{ Use of state of the art communication
protocols like TCP/IP and Ethernet with
priority tagging
z Immediate benefit from progress in
communication technology (e.g. higher
bandwidth and scalable configuration)
Application
Publ-subscr

Client-server

Abstract communication
service interface (ACSI)

Communication
stack with MMS
and TCP/IP
Ethertype
Ethernet
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An example measuring voltage

Current
waveform

Calculated
values

QE3
QC1

VA=220.1kV
VB=220.2kV
VC=220.1kV

QE2
QA1
QE1

Station Controller

Bay Controller

T1
QB1
Voltage
waveform
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The data model logical nodes

TCTR

QE3
QC1

VA=220.1kV
VB=220.2kV
VC=220.1kV

MMXU

QE2
QA1
QE1

Station Controller

Bay Controller

T1
QB1
TVTR
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Data and data attributes

A_TCTR.Amp.instMag
B_TCTR.Amp.instMag
C_TCTR.Amp.instMag
MMXU.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag
MMXU.PhV.phsB.cVal.mag
VA=220.1kV
MMXU.PhV.phsC.cVal.mag

QE3
QC1
QE2

VB=220.2kV
VC=220.1kV

QA1
QE1
Station Controller

Bay Controller
A_TVTR.Vol.instMag
B_TVTR.Vol.instMag

T1
QB1

C_TVTR.Vol.instMag
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Communication services
Subscriber

Publisher
QE3
QC1

VA=220.1kV
VB=220.2kV
VC=220.1kV

QE2
GetDataValues
sampled values

QA1
QE1

Station Controller

Bay Controller

T1
Client

Server

QB1

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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (1)

QE3
QC1
QE2
QA1
QE1
QB1
Q1
LD Q1

QE3
QC1
QE2 EnaCls[QA1] = f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, )
QA1
QE1
QE1
QB1
Q2
LD Q2

Q6
LD Q6

QA1CSWI1

QA1CSWI1

QE1CSWI1

QA1CILO1

QA1CILO1

QE1CILO1

QA1XCBR1

QA1XCBR1

QE1XSWI1

QB1CSWI2

QB1CSWI2

QB1CILO2

QB1CILO2

QB1XSWI2

QB1XSWI2

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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (2)

LD Q1

LD Q2

QA1CSWI1

QA1CSWI1

QE1CSWI1

QA1CILO1

QA1CILO1

QE1CILO1

QA1XCBR1

QA1XCBR1

QE1XSWI1

QB1CSWI2

QB1CSWI2

Dataset Q6/Interlock

QB1CILO2

QB1CILO2

QB1XSWI2

QB1XSWI2

LD Q6

Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stVal
Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.q
Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stSeld

Open Valid FALSE | n

EnaCls[QA1] = f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, )

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A GOOSE application: Interlocking (3)

f(Q6.QE1, Q1.QB1, )

LD Q1
QA1CILO1
QB1CSWI2

QB1CSWI2.Pos.stVal

EnaOpn

Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stVal

EnaCls

Dataset Q6/Interlock
Open

Valid

Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stVal
Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.q
Q6/QE1CSWI1.Pos.stSeld

FALSE

Open Valid FALSE | n

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Content
{ Introduction to IEC 61850
{ IEC 61850 beyond the substation
{ Edition 2 of IEC 61850

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Activities related to IEC 61850

{ Used in numerous projects around the
world
{ Usage of the concepts as well in
z Wind energy
z Hydro power plants
z Distributed energy resources

{ Extension of the scope

z Communication between the equipment at the
two ends of a power line
z Communication towards the control center

{ Harmonization with CIM (Common

Interface Model)
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Extended scope of IEC 61850

Transmission
Substation

Distribution
Substation

New Title:
Communication
Area Control
network and systems
for power utility
automation

DER

Regional Control

Generation
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Document Naming and Numbering

{ Numbering for domain specific extensions
z x00 Substation automation
z x10 Hydro power plants
z x20 Distributed energy resources

{ IEC 61850-7-410 Logical nodes for

hydro power plants
{ IEC 61850-7-420 Logical nodes for
distributed energy resources

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New documents planned

{ New part IEC 61850-90-x Reports How
to use
z IEC 61850-90-1: Using IEC 61850 for
communication between substations
z IEC 61850-90-2: Using IEC 61850 for
communication between substations and
control center
z IEC 61850-90-3: Using IEC 61850 for
condition monitoring
z IEC 61850-90-4: Network engineering
guidelines

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New documents planned

{ Series of documents describing the use of
the logical nodes to model the application
functions
z IEC 61850-7-500 Use of logical nodes to
model the functions of a substation
automation system
z IEC 61850-7-510 Use of logical nodes to
model the functions of a hydro power plant

{ Work on these parts has just started

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IEC 61850-90-1 use cases

{ Protection functions
z Differential protection
z Distance protection with permissive and
blocking schemes
z Directional and phase comparison protection
z Transfer tripping

{ Control function
z Autoreclosing
z Interlocking
z Generator and load shedding

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Communication aspects

Telepr

Telepr

Gateway
approach

Contr

Prot

Prot

Contr

Tunneling
approach

Contr

Prot

Prot

Contr

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Engineering aspects
Substation AA1

Substation AA2

IEC 61850, Subnet AA1WA1

IEC 61850, Subnet AA2WA1

IED AA1F1

IED AA1F2
(Teleprot.)

IED AA2F2
(Teleprot.)

WAN

SCD1

IED AA2F1

SCD2

Teleprotection Channel
Subnet A12WA1

Substation AA1

Substation AA2

SW1

WAN

SW2

IEC 61850, Subnet AA1WA1

IED AA1F1

IED AA1F2
(Teleprot.)

IED AA2F2
(Teleprot.)

SED
SCD1

Gateway
approach

IED AA2F1

Tunneling
approach

SCD2

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Application example - PUTT

Zone 2 (Overreach)
Zone 1 (Underreach)
Zone 2 (Overreach)
Zone 1 (Underreach)

Permit

Zone 1

Zone 2

Permit

Zone 1

Comm
Channel

&

OR

Trip Brk

Trip Brk

OR

&

Zone 2

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Modeling in IEC 61850

Permit

Zone 1

Zone 2

Permit

OR

&

Trip Brk

Trip Brk

RTPC
PDIS1

PSCH

&

Zone 2

RTPC
Permit
Comm
Channel

Teleprot
Equipment
PTRC

OR

Permit
PSCH

PDIS2

Zone 1

Comm
Channel

PSCH

PSCH

PDIS1
PDIS2

Teleprot
Equipment

Trip Brk

Trip Brk

Protection IED

PTRC
Protection IED

Gateway approach
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Modeling in IEC 61850

Permit

Zone 1

Zone 2

PDIS1

PSCH

Permit

Zone 1

Comm
Channel
OR

&

Trip Brk

Trip Brk

OR

&

Permit

PDIS1
Permit

PDIS2

PTRC

Zone 2

Trip Brk

Trip Brk

Protection IED

PSCH

PDIS2

PTRC
Protection IED

Tunneling approach
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IEC 61850-90-2 use cases

{ SCADA
{ Disturbance recording
{ Metering
{ Wide area monitoring
{ Power quality monitoring
{ Asset supervision
{ Management of remote parameter and
configuration changes

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Why an edition 2?
{ Clarification of TISSUES (Technical
ISSUES)
z Errors in Edition 1, e.g. Inconsistencies
between the different parts
z Ambiguities that result in different
interpretations by different implementors

{ New requirements on the base

functionalities from the use in new
application domains
{ Modeling of Power Quality Metering

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How are problems handled?

{ No specification is perfect
{ Problems are identified, when the
specification is implemented
z Through the development team
z Through the users
z During conformance test of equipment
z During interoperability tests
z During system tests

{ Solutions need to be found outside the

standardization process, but need a solid
base
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Quality process
IEC TC57 Specifications Product
Working
DevelopGroups
ment
Products
(IEDs and
Tools)

Test Cases

Test
System
Development

Test
Systems

Medium
Term Fixes

Final Fixes

Operation
of system

Certified
Products

Test
Labs

Projects
Problem
Reports

Quality
Assurance
Program

Fast Fixes
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TISSUES and interoperability

{ Some TISSUES impact interoperability
z These TISSUES are specifically identified in
the TISSUE database

{ A implementation conform to IEC 61850

refers to Edition 1 and a list of TISSUES
z Product suppliers must specify, which
TISSUES are considered
z A conformance test must specify, against
which TISSUES a test was done

{ Document 57/963/INF of IEC provides

a list of TISSUES to be considered
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Roadmap for Edition 2

{ Part 6 (Engineering) and 7-x (Models and
ACSI) are realised as a first package
z CDV has been circulated
z FDIS will be finalised in Meeting in June

{ Part 8-1 / 9-2 (Mappings) circulated as

CDV
{ Part 5 (Requirements) in preparation for
CDV
{ Part 1 (Introduction), 3 (General
requirements), 4 (Engineering) and 10
(Conformance testing) will be realized in a
second package
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New modeling issues

{ Documentation of inputs to LNs
z InRef Reference to a object (dataAttribute) that is
bound to an input of the LN

{ Creation of functional hierarchies

z GrRef used as a reference to a higher level logical
device for implementing a functional hierarchy

{ Information about local time

z In name plate of device: Time zone information (Offset
to UTC, support of daylight saving time, daylight saving
time active)
z In LLN0: Two data objects (TSG) to set time for switch
between standard and daylight saving time

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New modeling issues

{ New models for power quality metering new
logical nodes and extensions of existing logical
nodes
z RMS voltage variation (e.g. sags/swells) according to
IEC 61000-4-30 and IEEE 1159
z Transients (according to IEEE 1159)
z Unbalance variation
z Frequency variation

{ Modeling of statistical evaluation of information

z Calculation of e.g. the minimum or maximum value in a
certain period
z Possibility to store evaluated values (e.g. maximum per
hour for the last 24 hours)

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Control Hierarchies
Remote control

F
T
LocSta
Station control
F
T
Bay control

Loc

CSWI
XCBR

I
0

F
T

Loc

{ Loc is the behavior at

that level it is
influenced by LocKey
{ LocSta can be a
controllable object
{ Roles define access
rights of remote
control
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Statistical and historical - principle

LN XXYZ
instantaneous values

calculate

[PRES]
MV
WYE

src

calculate

src

ClcMth
Data1
Data2

statistical historical values

statistical values
LN XXYZ2

LN XXYZ2

ClcMth [MIN]
ClcPerms ING
ClcSrc
ORG
ClcExp SPS
ClcStr
SPC
Data1
MV
Data2
WYE

ClcMth [MAX]
ClcPerms ING
ClcSrc
ORG
ClcExp SPS
ClcStr
SPC
Data1
MV
Data2
WYE

LOG

Store (log entry)

LogEntry
LogEntry
LogEntry

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New data objects for statistical

{ ClcMth calculation method (PRES | MIN | MAX
| AVG | SDV | TREND | RATE)
{ ClcMod calculation mode (TOTAL | PERIODE |
SLIDING)
{ ClcIntvTyp calculation interval type (ANYTIME |
CYCLE | PER_CYCLE | HOUR | DAY | WEEK)
{ ClcSrc reference to source LN
{ ClcPerms calculation period in ms
{ ClcExp calculation period expired
{ ClcStr calculation start
{ ClcTyp calculation type (default = True RMS)

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New and modified LNs for power quality

LN
Description
Steady State
MMXU
General power parameters
MSQI
Sequence and unbalance
MHAI
Harmonics and interharmonics (according to IEC 61000-4-7)
MADV
Power in non-sinusoidal situations (according to IEEE 1459)
MFLK
Voltage Fluctuations (flicker according to IEC 61000-4-15)
Events
RMS Voltage Variations (sags/swells/momentary according to
QVVR
IEC 61000-4-30 and IEEE 1159)
QFVR
Frequency Variations (according to EN 50160 and 61000-4-30)
QVUB,
Unbalance Variations
QIUB
QVTR,
Transients (according to IEEE 1159)
QITR

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New and modified CDCs

{ ENS, ENC and ENG in addition to INS, INC and
ING; to differentiate between enumerated and
real integer
{ HST Histogram
{ APC and BAC controllable analog process value
and binary controlled analog value
{ ORG object reference setting
{ TSG Time setting
{ CUG Currency setting
{ CSG Curve shape setting (multiple instances
can be used for a three dimensional shape)
{ DPL has been extended with time zone
information, owner information and GPS position
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CDC Histogram (HST)

Counts

Status values

hstRangeC

hstCnt(2)
Values >
hstRangeC(3)

hstRangeUnits

Ex

hstRangeC(3)
hstRangeC(2)

xUnits
yUnits
d

ARRAY 1..numPts
OF Cells
Unit
Unit
Visible String255

hstCnt(1)
hstCnt(3)

hstRangeC(1)

Configuration and
description

HST = Histogram
Data Attr
Type
numPts
INT16U
hstCnt
ARRAY 1..numPts
OF INT32
q
Quality
t
TimeStamp

na
o
si

en
m
di am
1 gr
:
e o
pl i s t
am H

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Modeling curves - CSG

Setting (or
setting group)

Configuration and
description

CSG Curve Shape Setting

Data Attr
Type
pointZ
FLOAT32
xUnit
Unit
xD
VISIBLE STRING255
yUnit
Unit
yD
VISIBLE STRING255
numPts
INT16U
crvPts
ARRAY 1..numPts
OF Point
d

crvPts(1)

VISIBLE STRING255
crvPts(2)

Crv0 (CSG)
Crv1 (CSG)
x

y
crvPts(0)
x

pointZ

z
2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Device name plate - DPL

{ Product related data (Vendor, HW and SW
revision, serial number, model)
{ Operator related data (Location, owner,
name of electric power system, role of the
device, primary and secondary operator)
{ GPS position (Latitude, longitude and
altitude)
{ Time zone information (Offset to UTC,
support of daylight saving time, daylight
saving time active)
{ Unique identification of an asset or device
(master resource ID)
2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Data acquisition in IEC 61850

Measuring
(Sensors)
Txxx

Analysing

VA=220.1kV
VB=220.2kV
VC=220.1kV

Processing
Mxxx
Electrical
e.g. TCTR

Non electrical
e.g. TPRS

Protection
Pxxx

Trip

Supervision
Sxxx

Trip
Start

Cond monitor
Sxxx

System decides to
take actions
standardization of
semantic required

Al1=TRUE

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

New logical nodes

{ New group K - mechanical and nonelectrical
z fan, filter, pump,

{ Group S Sensors
z Vibration, Temperature

{ Group T Transducers
z Angle, liquid flow rate, frequency, humidity,
media level, vibration,

{ Group P Protection
z Rotor protection,

{ Group Z Power system equipment

z Synchronous machine
2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

SCL New File Types

{ New file types have been introduced to
extend the usage of SCL
{ .iid to support exchange of IED
modifications on an IED instance
engineered specifically for a project back
from the IED tool to the system tool
{ .sed to support exchange of system
interfacing information between two
projects handling two systems which need
to exchange data

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Clarification of .icd file

IED class
all functional capabilities
not implementable

ICD 1
implementable
subset 1

ICD 2
implementable
subset 2

{ For flexible IEDs,

there exists multiple
.icd files
{ An flexible IED can be
seen as a IED class
that supports many
functionalities, but
not all at the same
time
{ An .icd file represents
a implementable
subset of an IED class

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Use of SCL summary

Specification
.ssd

Specification tool

(Class)
TEMPLATE
.icd
.icd

IED2

IED1

IED2
.scd

preconfigure
instantiate

IED configurator

.cid
Proprietary files

Substation

IED
engineering

reimport /
update

IED2
.iid
System configurator

IED configurator

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

SCL Data exchange between projects

{ Engineering of online data flow between
projects
{ Example of projects
z Two substations exchanging data for e.g. line
protection
z Two voltage levels within the substation

{ Rules
z An IED belongs to one project
z A project can transfer rights for dataflow
engineering to another project
z Transfer is done with .sed (System Exchange
Description) file
2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

SCL conformance statements

{ IED configurator conformance statements
z
z
z
z

.icd export
.scd import
.iid export
Tool functionality

{ System configurator conformance statements

z
z
z
z
z
z

.icd and .iid import and usage

Communication engineering
Data flow engineering
.scd substation section handling
.scd modifications, export and import
.sed handling

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24

Conclusions
{ Use of IEC 61850 in substations is well
established
{ The standards are ready to use IEC
61850 as well in generation
{ Future
IEC 61850 will as backbone for operation and
management of the power system enable
Smart Grids

2009 UTINNOVATION
CB 2009-04-24