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HAEFELY
M. ModruSan
El-34
With suitable normalization measures, the major parameters of the current impulses are illustrated commonly and without discontinuity
both in the dampingperiodic and in the aperiodic ranges. A survey of the correlations between analytical and technicalparameters of the
current impulse Cfront time and time to half-value) is given. Additionally, an illustration of the effect of circuit element changes on
amplitudes and impulse duration makes it possible to rapidly modtyy impulse circuits for changed impulse data.
1.
Introduction
Fig. 1
(1)
as well as the peak time t,,, power P,, the voltage drop across the
resistor U&r, and current overshoot il, are pure functions of relative
attenuation RI. This fact makes it possible to graphically illustrate
these magnitudes simultaneously (figs. 3 and 4). The fact that all
these quantities continuously run from the periodic into the
aperiodic range is of special interest.
The course of power P, at the current peak exhibits an extreme
at a damping of RI = 0.553 which according to equation (27 A) is
P,, = 0.2992~0.30.
(2)
(3)
t3n
as a function of
related to the
oscillations (R,
normalization is
(4)
(5)
4. Calculation procedure
0
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
03
130
Rr -
135
Influence of damping on front time Tf, front time f,,, and time to
half-value T,,
411 values are related to the undamped current oscillation
290
(7)
I31.
With the data thus obtained, all circuit elements can be deter
mined. Thus, the time constant (7A) is obtained as T = Tf/Tf
from equation (3) and the circuit impedance is found with equation
(2). With these two parameters, it is now possible to define C and
L: equations (3A) and (7A) provide
C = T/Z and
03)
L = T2/C.
(9)
t OS8
R,
036
R = 2 Rr Z.
(10)
Fig. 5
(11)
This constant can be derived from the known data Tf, T, and
i,,, via Tf, and q from fig. 5, and again, a temporary correction of
times Tfand Tt should be considered for smaller overshoot values.
Figure 6 shows a new type of impulse current generator. The
capacitor battery consists of 8 individual capacitors which are
located in a semi-circular fashion around the spark gap. This
provides complete symmetry of the individual circuits as well as
minimum inherent inductance. Due to the substantial flexibility of
the individual circuit elements, this generator can be used to
produce more than 100 different current impulses and as an additional feature, the current amplitude can be adjusted from 5 to
100% of the rated value.
(13)
1,: 5--
I,( )--
OS: 5--
'b/R,-
12/h- Cz/C1-
1
2
4
45
OS2
-Fig. 7 Effect of changes of circuit elements on current amplitude. Initial
damping = parameter
02
Fig.8
05
'
Rz/%-
In
2,5
42
Fig.9
Oj
Fig. IO
Deliniton
a) Normalized damping
- Damping resistance for
aperiodic critical
oscillation
- Circuit impedance
R,
= RIRm
(1A)
RW
Z
=2z
GN
=1/L/c
(3N
b) Normalized current
- Amplitude of the nondamped current oscillation
in
= i/In,
(44)
I n,
= u/z
(5N
c) Normalized time
- Time constant
= t/T
(W
T
= ]E
A
P
= i/P,
j = i,,,zR
Pk
= (/2/z
URrn = Un/U
(7.4)
cm
VA)
(ON
(A)
(17-4)
U3N
Oscillation range
Damped period (0, R, _ 1)
aperiodic CR, ,I )
ii = R/2L (14A)
Damping factor
Damping criterion
6 < l/LC
62 > IILC
Current course
I = II e-St sm 01t
(15.4)
Current constant
II =$
(164)
Circuit frequency
0, =
Peak time
1
tm - -aarctan~
01
6
1 - 6
_
I/ L C
i :
21:e-%inh(t1/6?)
12-
(17A)
f&g
(184)
(19A)
t, _ In (VU3 - 1 + 6 VLC)
J
,ppendix
(16.4)
(23-4)
68- &
Current course
in = v,e~~r2
Peak time
r 111 =
Efficiency
3 = exp
Power
Relative
overshoot
(23A)
R,
- -=
arc sin vF%)
vl - Rr2
mtn, = 2 R,.exp
Rr
l/l - Rr2
PA)
ilr =exp
e-R&
1, R, - 1
j
(27~)
(25A)
2 Rr
,, _ R,s arcsi 1 - Rr
in = 2 R, . exp
t
Voltage drop
across resistor
(2lA)
R Rr
1/l - Rr2
(31N
UR,n zz
R, (Rr + ~Rr?--I)-Rr/~Rr-l
WA)
(24A)
26A)
WA)
(3W
Appendix 4: Change of impulse characteristics when changing only one circuit element
Change of
circuit element
R
(C, L = const)
Changing
impulse
characteristics
Damping R,?
Amplitude &,2/i,,,{
R2
Rrl RI
6-z
-G
T811.2
TS.,l
Trn.2
TXl,l
& L = const)
fk, C = const)
Literature
[l] Erzeugung und Messung van Hochspannungen. Teil 3: Besttmmungen fiir die
Erzeugung und Anwendung van StoDspanmmgen und StoBstrBmen fiir Priifzwecke. VDE-Vorschrift 0433 Teil 3/4.66.
[Z] Techniques des essais B haute tension. Zepartie: Mod&es dessais. Publication
de la CEI No G--2(1973).
[3] M. ModrAm: Realisation of the prescribed exponential impuls currents for
different kinds oftest samples. In: Internationales Symposium Hochspannungstechnik, 9. . . . 13. September 1975, EidgenGsische Technische Hochschule,
Ziirich. Ziirich, SEV, 1975; Bd. 1, S. 155...160.
High
vontol~e
&i%
ASEA -1 MICAFIL
systems
T E L E P H O N E 061/41 1 8 1 7
TELEX 6 2 4 6 9 ehb ch
TELEGRAMS MICARTA BASEL
Printed I Switzerland
1 1977 2 0 0 0
E l-34 1 Edition