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Abstract: The topic of this paper is the analysis of the fundamentals of the winding resistance measurement
and their application for the development of an optimized tool. The ultimate goal is to create a portable
device, which measures a complete transformer the fastest and easiest way possible. The influence of the
charging voltage and the measuring current on the measuring time has to be analyzed. Another important
issue is the stabilization time on low ohmic delta windings. Further, testing time can be reduced by
introducing a demagnetization feature, which eliminates the need of applying high voltage AC after a DC
resistance test. Finally, the implementation of the optimized tool is presented with its efficient connection
scheme and the multi-channel architecture.
INTRODUCTION
2.1
Instrument
+
U
-
DUT
LM
I
Figure 1: Winding resistance measuring principle
using a DC power supply
The instrument consists of a programmable power
supply, which is normally operated in constant
current mode. It is used to supply a user-defined
current into the DUT. Additionally, there is a
voltage and current measurement unit. Thus, the
resistance is calculated according equation (1):
R=
2.2
dI
U U R + U LM U R
=
=
+ LM
dt
I
I
I
(1)
Magnetizing inductivity LM
LM
L0
LSat
0A
(2)
dI U LM
=
dt
LM
(3)
UMax
100V
10s
20s
ISet
RISet
0s
10s
20s
50V
ISat
0s
2.3
I Sat 2 I 0, RMS
0A
ISat
2.4
RA
RB
RC
LA
LB
LC
N
RN
Ra
Rb
Rc
La
Lb
Lc
I b R a + Rc
=
2.0
Ia
Rb
Instrument
U
-
Rb
La
DUT
Lb
Rc
I
Lc
I (t ) = I b (t ) + I a (t )
(4)
I b L a + Lc
=
2.0
Ia
Lb
(7)
Ra
+
(6)
(5)
I Circle (t ) = I Circle 0 e
(8)
La + Lb + Lc
R a + Rb + R c
(9)
3.1
Background
N2
N1
3.2
Experimental Results
(10)
B=N11I1
C=N11/2I1
a=N21/3I2
b=N22/3I2
c=N21/3I2
DEMAGNETIZATION
4.1
Background
MDemag
Check-
+IDemag
H=NI
-IDemag
Check+
M0
-R
4.2
Demagnetization Procedure
DUT CONNECTIVITY
Iterative reduction of the remaining magnetization: The current core flux is continuously
calculated and an algorithm is used to determine
how to regulate the voltage supply connected to
the transformer. Since it is an iterative algorithm,
multiple cycles are necessary to reach a
sufficiently low residual magnetization.
4.3
Experimental Results
12.5MVA
49kV 16.9kV
R = 160.2Vs
160kVA
Check+ = 150.5Vs
Check- = 469.3Vs
4.25kV 1kV
R = 9.44Vs
Standard Resistance
Measurement Device
B
R1
HV
DUT
C
R2
LV
Temp.
Meas.
Multichannel Resistance
Measurement Device
TapCh.
Control
Control System
B
R1
HV
DUT
C
R2
winding
+
-
LV
I1
U1
Signal
Multiplexer
Power
Multiplexer
+
+
U2
-
I2
resistance
OPTIMIZED TOOL
B
HV
DUT
LV
Events
Classical procedure
Optimized procedure
Time
Setup or
Reconnection
Record Data
Change Tap
Automated
Tasks
CONCLUSIONS