QUESTION DOCUMENT

CRIMINALISTICS 105
FINAL TERM
(CLASSES OF STANDARDS OF COMPARISON)
1. PROCURED/COLLECTED STANDARD
Business professions social and personal affair w/c mat be gathered of collected for comparison.
2. REQUESTED STANDARDS
Handwriting requested by investigator for the purpose of comparison.
3. TYPE WRITING COMPUTER PRINTS STANDARDS
They are references files containing all styles of types face, with the progressive chance therein of all the
branch of types the branch of type editor/computers and the appropriate date of manufacture
(METHOD IN SELECTING BEST STANDARDS OF COMPARISONS)
1. CONTERFORANEOUS IN DATE:
-the date of the standard collected must not be far from the date of the executed of the questioned
document.
2. SAME GENERAL CLASS AS THE QUESTIONED WRITING
-when the questioned document was prepared in either script/ block of cursive style, the standards specimen
gathered must be of the same class.
3. ACCEPTABILITY STANDARDS
-The selection should compromise those writings and signatures known to be genuine and made under
favorable conditions.
ACCEPTABILITY OF STANDARDS ALSO DEFENDS ON THE FF: CONDITIONS
1. Physical conditions of the writer may affect the acceptability of standards.
2. Requested writings serve as best standards of comparison although possibility of disguise in writing
may the present.
3. Selection and source of standards must be appropriated in order to consider acceptability as best
standards of comparison
4. There are no fixed rules as to consider adequate or insufficient experience show.
METHOD OF PROVING AUTHOSHIP IS BY:
a. Interrogation of writer in question.
b. Testimony of a witness who observed the act of writing.
c. Circumstantial evidence which associates the subjects.
APPRORATE SOURCE OF STANDARDS:
1. Personal documents
2. Educational certificate
3. Vocational documents
4. Financial documents
5. Social recreational fraternal documents
6. Corporate documents
7. Motor vehicle document
8. Military records
9. Governmental and public Records
10. Criminal Document
11. Miscellaneous documents

Writing characteristics are divided into two:

CLASS characteristics common to a group of writers
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS - high personal or peculiar
PRINCIPAL FACTORS GOVERNING CHARACTERISTICS
1. Slant slants of letters or words to the left or right.
2. Alignment it ascends, descends, arched, regular, or irregular.
3. Proportion ration of letters or words.
4. Stroke structure it is rounded line quality.
VARIOUS ELEMENT OF HANDWRITING

[A] MOVEMENT OF MANNER OF EXECUTION

It is the writing instrument that creates certain writing done specifically skill , speed , freedom ,
hesitation, temons, line quality and alignment.
KINDS OF MOVEMENT
1. FINGER MOVEMENT
- This accomplish by using the thumb, the first and slightly the third fingers.
Result: poor quality.
Lack of rhythm and speed letter are cropped
2. HAND MOVEMENT OR WRIST MOVEMENT:
- in this kind of movement with combination of fingers:
Result: regulating of lines considerable speed.
3. WHOLE ARM MOVEMENT:
- This is actually the movement of the shoulder hand and arm with the support if the table.
Result: artistic writing.
4. FOREARM MOVEMENT:
- When writing using forearm letters are formed due to the action of the elbow, forearm resting or the
writing surface.

[B] DISTINCTIVE FEATURE

The following are some causes of variations:
1. Due to lack of machine
Like precision in human body.
2. Cause by external factors such as the writing instrument and writing position.
3. Influence of mental and physical conditions, such as.
a. Fatigue
b. Intoxication
c. Illness
d. Nervousness
e. Age of writer
4. Quality if writing prepared
5. Variations appear in superficial parts.
6. Not applied to the whole process of writing
7. Degree of care given to the act.

8. Change of slope and size of handwriting

9. Nature and extent of variation of letters design depend on the location-initial medical, terminal.
10. Master pattern of any letter design closely resembles the copy book class characteristics and of no
significance value.
11. No two masters will exhibit similar master pattern of the same combination of letters design.
12. Master pattern wildly differ from copy book. Form of conductional from are individual characteristics.
13. Range of variation of letter design is not the same of all letters.
14. Small letter l, e, o, have limited variations. Appreciable modification of the design will render the
letters illegible.

[C] INDIVIDUALITY OF HANDWRITING CHARACTERISTICS

- Handwriting has individual characteristics because of the unconscious behavior which makes
handwriting of two different individuals never identical
FACTORS:
1. The influence of writing system
2. Constant compulsion to writing
3. Personal legibility
4. Writing maturity